Organizational Behaviour Chapter 4

The given answer, sexual harassment, is the correct answer because it aligns with the description provided in the question. The description states that unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature that negatively impacts the work environment and leads to adverse job-related consequences is called sexual harassment. It also mentions that this behavior creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment. Therefore, sexual harassment is the appropriate term to describe this situation.

exit-voice-loyalty-neglect (EVLN) model - the four ways employees respond to dissatisfaction

Building Organizational Commitment

Also called organizational (affective) commitment

Self-awareness involves perceiving and understanding the meaning of your own emotions. It refers to the ability to recognize and understand your own emotions, as well as being aware of how your emotions impact your thoughts, behavior, and relationships. It involves being in tune with your own feelings and being able to accurately identify and label them. Self-awareness is an important skill in emotional intelligence as it allows individuals to have a better understanding of themselves and their emotions, which can lead to better self-management and improved relationships with others.

The given definition describes psychological harassment, which refers to repeated and hostile or unwanted conduct that affects an employee's dignity or psychological or physical integrity. This conduct creates a harmful work environment for the employee. The other options, such as work overload, stress, sexual harassment, and stressors, may also contribute to a harmful work environment, but they do not specifically encompass the definition provided.

Beliefs refer to established perceptions or convictions that individuals hold about an attitude object. These beliefs are what individuals believe to be true and can influence their behavioral intentions, feelings, and emotions towards the attitude object. Beliefs play a crucial role in shaping individuals' attitudes and behaviors as they are based on their understanding and knowledge about the object. Therefore, beliefs are an important factor to consider when studying attitudes and predicting how individuals may respond or behave towards a particular object or situation.

exit-voice-loyalty-neglect (EVLN) model - the four ways employees respond to dissatisfaction

Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to recognize and understand emotions, both in oneself and others, and to use this knowledge to guide behavior and decision-making. It involves perceiving and expressing emotions, integrating emotions into thoughts, reasoning with emotions, and managing emotions in oneself and others. This term aligns with the given definition, making it the correct answer.

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Job satisfaction refers to a person's overall evaluation of their job and work context. It is a measure of how content and fulfilled an individual feels in their job, taking into account factors such as job security, work-life balance, pay, and relationships with colleagues and supervisors. Job satisfaction is important as it can influence an individual's motivation, productivity, and overall well-being in the workplace.

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Work overload refers to the situation where an individual is given more work or responsibilities than they can handle within a reasonable timeframe. This can result in increased stress levels and a feeling of being overwhelmed. It is characterized by working longer hours and with greater intensity than one can reasonably cope with. This can lead to negative effects on both physical and mental well-being. Therefore, the answer "work overload" accurately describes the situation of working more hours and more intensely than one can reasonably cope with.

Self-management refers to the ability to regulate and control one's own emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. It involves being aware of one's emotions and being able to manage them effectively. This includes being able to stay calm and composed in stressful situations, adapt to change, and take responsibility for one's actions. Self-management also involves setting goals, prioritizing tasks, and managing time effectively. By practicing self-management, individuals can improve their overall emotional well-being and enhance their relationships with others.

Continuance commitment refers to an employee's calculative attachment to the organization, where they feel motivated to stay because leaving would be costly. This means that the employee may not have a strong emotional connection or loyalty to the organization, but they stay due to factors such as financial stability, benefits, or the fear of losing investments made in the organization. This type of commitment is based on the perceived costs of leaving rather than a genuine desire to stay and contribute to the organization.

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Resilience refers to the ability of individuals to adapt and cope effectively with significant change, adversity, or risk. It involves having the mental and emotional strength to bounce back from difficult situations and maintain a positive outlook. Resilient individuals are able to withstand stress and overcome challenges, demonstrating a high level of flexibility and adaptability. This trait is important in navigating and thriving in a constantly changing and demanding world.

called an attitude object

Social awareness refers to the ability to perceive and understand the emotions of other people. It involves being aware of others' feelings, needs, and concerns, and being able to empathize with them. This skill is important in building and maintaining relationships, as it allows individuals to effectively communicate and connect with others on an emotional level. By being socially aware, individuals can navigate social situations more effectively and respond to others in a sensitive and appropriate manner.

Relationship management refers to the ability to build and maintain positive relationships with others. This includes managing other people's emotions, understanding their needs and concerns, and effectively communicating and resolving conflicts. It involves skills such as empathy, effective communication, teamwork, and conflict resolution. By effectively managing relationships, individuals can create a positive and supportive work environment, enhance collaboration, and achieve common goals.

Emotional dissonance refers to the conflict between the emotions that are required or expected in a particular situation and the true emotions that an individual is experiencing. It occurs when there is a discrepancy between what a person feels and what they are supposed to feel, such as when someone has to display positive emotions even though they are feeling negative. This can lead to feelings of stress, frustration, and burnout. Emotional dissonance is often experienced by individuals in professions that require them to manage their emotions, such as customer service representatives or healthcare providers.

Cognitive dissonance refers to the psychological discomfort that arises when there is a conflict between our beliefs, feelings, and behavior. It occurs when we hold two contradictory beliefs or when our behavior contradicts our beliefs or values. This discomfort motivates us to reduce the inconsistency and restore cognitive harmony by either changing our beliefs, justifying our behavior, or seeking new information.

Behavioural intentions refer to an individual's plan or willingness to engage in a specific behavior. It is a key factor in understanding and predicting human behavior. When someone has a strong intention to perform a certain behavior, they are more likely to actually engage in that behavior. This intention is influenced by various factors such as attitudes, beliefs, emotions, and organizational commitment. Therefore, the motivation to engage in a particular behavior with respect to attitude objects can be explained by the individual's behavioural intentions.

exit-voice-loyalty-neglect (EVLN) model - the four ways employees respond to dissatisfaction

exit-voice-loyalty-neglect (EVLN) model - the four ways employees respond to dissatisfaction

Also called work addict

Emotions are physiological, behavioral, and psychological episodes that we experience towards an object, person, or event. They create a state of readiness within us, influencing our thoughts, actions, and overall well-being. Emotions are distinct from other options such as behavioral intentions, beliefs, cognitive dissonance, and feelings, as they encompass a broader range of experiences and reactions.

This answer is correct because feelings are a key component in representing positive or negative evaluations of an attitude object. Attitudes are formed through a combination of beliefs, feelings, and behavioral intentions. Feelings play a crucial role in shaping our overall evaluation of an attitude object and can influence our subsequent behavior and intentions towards it. Emotional dissonance refers to the conflict between one's true feelings and the emotions they display, which is not directly related to representing evaluations of an attitude object. Cognitive dissonance, on the other hand, refers to the discomfort experienced when there is a discrepancy between one's beliefs and actions.

Emotional labor refers to the effort, planning, and control required to express specific emotions that are desired by an organization during interpersonal interactions. This involves adhering to norms that dictate which emotions should be displayed and which should be hidden. It is a form of work that involves managing and regulating one's emotions in order to meet the expectations of others. This term is often used in the context of service-oriented jobs where employees are expected to display positive emotions towards customers, even if they may not genuinely feel them.

Stressors refer to any environmental conditions that place a physical or emotional demand on a person. These stressors can range from work-related factors like job burnout and work overload to various other situations that cause stress. The term "stressors" encompasses all the factors that trigger stress in an individual, whether it is related to their job or other aspects of their life.

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Low task control refers to the lack of autonomy or control that individuals have over their work tasks and responsibilities. When individuals have low task control, they may feel overwhelmed and stressed because they have limited ability to make decisions or prioritize their work. This lack of control can lead to increased stress levels, especially when combined with a heavy workload or a high burden of responsibility. Therefore, the correct answer is low task control as it explains how a lack of control over one's tasks can contribute to stress.

The correct answer is general adaptation syndrome. General adaptation syndrome is a model of the stress experience that consists of three stages - alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion. This model suggests that when faced with a stressor, the body initially responds with an alarm reaction, followed by a period of resistance where the body tries to adapt and cope with the stressor. If the stressor persists for a long time or is too intense, the body eventually reaches a state of exhaustion. General adaptation syndrome helps to explain the physiological and psychological responses to stress.

Job burnout refers to the process of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment that occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to stress. This term is used to describe the negative impact that chronic work-related stress can have on an individual's physical and mental well-being. Over time, individuals experiencing job burnout may feel emotionally drained, detached from their work and colleagues, and may have a decreased sense of accomplishment. This can lead to a decline in job performance and overall satisfaction. Job burnout is often caused by a combination of high work demands, limited resources, and a lack of control or support in the workplace.

Stress is an adaptive response to a situation that is perceived as challenging or threatening to a person's well-being. It is a natural reaction that helps individuals cope with difficult or demanding circumstances. When faced with stressors, such as work pressure or psychological harassment, individuals may experience stress. This can lead to various physical and psychological symptoms, and if not managed properly, it can result in job burnout. Therefore, stress is a comprehensive term that encompasses the body's response to challenging situations and the potential negative effects it can have on an individual's well-being.