ISTQB Foundation Level --practice Exam Paper 2

COTS stands for Commercial off the shelf software, which refers to software that is ready-made and available for purchase from third-party vendors. This type of software is pre-built and does not require custom development. It is often used to meet common business needs and can be easily implemented and integrated into existing systems.

In this scenario, tester 'X' should provide detailed information about the bug encountered to the developer and check if the bug can be reproduced. This will help in clarifying the issue and determining if it is indeed a bug. By providing detailed information and checking reproducibility, 'X' can gather evidence to support their claim and convince the developer that the reported issue is indeed a bug.

The highest priority for the project manager should be to learn the project objectives and the existing project plan. This is important because understanding the project objectives will help the manager align their efforts with the overall goals of the project. Additionally, familiarizing themselves with the existing project plan will enable the manager to assess the progress of the project and identify any areas that may need attention or adjustment. By gaining this knowledge, the project manager can effectively lead the team and make informed decisions to ensure the successful implementation of the project.

Big-Bang Testing is a type of integration testing where software and hardware components are combined all at once into a component or system. Unlike other forms of integration testing, which are done in stages, Big-Bang Testing does not have a sequential approach. This method allows for the testing of the entire system as a whole, rather than testing individual components separately. It is called Big-Bang Testing because all the elements are combined in a single "bang" or event. This approach can be efficient in certain cases but may also pose challenges in identifying and resolving issues if they arise.

Software reusability refers to the extent to which software can be used in other applications. This means that the software is designed in a way that it can be easily reused or repurposed for different applications without significant modifications or rework. This characteristic allows for efficient development and reduces the time and effort required to create new software from scratch. By maximizing the reusability of software components, developers can save time, resources, and costs, as well as improve overall productivity and maintainability.

Equivalence partitioning is a testing technique where the input data is divided into different partitions or groups that are expected to exhibit similar behavior. In this case, the tester has identified two partitions - scores from 90 to 100 and scores below 90. The behavior within each partition is expected to be the same, i.e., scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, while scores below 90 will not. This analysis helps in selecting representative test cases from each partition to ensure adequate test coverage.

The B.V-Model, also known as the V-Model, is a software development life cycle model that emphasizes the relationship between testing and development activities. It follows a sequential approach where each phase of development has a corresponding testing phase. The testing activities in the B.V-Model include component testing, component integration testing, system testing, and system integration testing. This model allows for flexibility in the number and types of testing levels based on the project and software product requirements. Therefore, depending on the project, the B.V-Model may have more, fewer, or different levels of development and testing.

Defect density is calculated by dividing the number of defects identified in a component or system by the size of the component or system. This calculation helps to measure the quality of the component or system by providing a ratio of defects to the overall size. A higher defect density indicates a higher number of defects per unit of size, which suggests a lower quality product. Conversely, a lower defect density indicates a lower number of defects per unit of size, indicating a higher quality product.

Adding known defects by seeding is a term used in software testing where testers intentionally introduce known defects into a system or application. This is done to assess the effectiveness of the testing process and to identify any potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in the system. By intentionally adding defects, testers can evaluate how well the system detects and handles these issues, allowing for improvements to be made before the software is released to the end users.

An effective software environment should have the following requirements: ease of use, capacity for incremental implementation, and capability of evolving with the needs of a project. These requirements ensure that the software is user-friendly, allows for gradual development and improvement, and can adapt to changing project requirements. Inclusion of advanced tools is not mentioned as a requirement in the given options.

An expert based test estimation method that involves a group of experts providing their estimates individually and then discussing and revising them as a group is known as Wide band Delphi. This method allows for a more accurate estimation by leveraging the collective knowledge and expertise of the group. Narrow band Delphi, Bespoke Delphi, and Robust Delphi are not the correct terms for this specific estimation method.

During system testing, comparing a user manual with the actual behavior of the running program helps to check the technical accuracy of the document. This ensures that the information provided in the user manual accurately reflects the functioning of the program. By comparing the two, any discrepancies or inaccuracies in the manual can be identified and corrected, ensuring that users have access to reliable and accurate information about the program's features and functionalities.

Change control is the most vital software change management activity for assessing the impact of proposed software modifications. Change control involves documenting and managing all changes made to the software, including proposed modifications. By implementing a change control process, organizations can carefully evaluate the potential impact of proposed modifications before implementing them. This helps ensure that any changes made to the software do not have unintended consequences and that the overall stability and functionality of the software are maintained.

The best choice is Tester, test automater, web specialist, DBA. This is because the test manager needs a tester to plan and execute the testing process, a test automater to develop and maintain automated test scripts, a web specialist to handle the specific requirements and challenges of testing a web application, and a DBA (Database Administrator) to manage the database aspects of the application. This combination of roles ensures that all necessary aspects of the automated testing for the web application are covered.

A software quality information system typically supports functions such as record keeping, evaluation scheduling, and error reporting. These functions are essential for maintaining and improving the quality of software. Record keeping allows for the storage and retrieval of important information related to software quality. Evaluation scheduling helps in planning and conducting evaluations to assess the quality of the software. Error reporting enables the identification and resolution of software errors and issues. Therefore, the correct answer is I, III & IV.

Unit testing is a type of testing where individual units or components of a software application are tested to ensure that they function correctly. During unit testing, various activities are performed to validate the units, such as desk check, walkthrough, and compiler-based testing. However, manual support testing, which involves manual intervention and support, is not typically done during unit testing. It is more commonly associated with other types of testing, such as integration testing or system testing.

Confidence testing, also known as Smoke testing is a software testing approach employed to assess the readiness of a new software build for progression to the next testing phase.

A software verification and validation program involves multiple activities to ensure that the software meets the required specifications and quality standards. Statement I is true because the program helps in identifying and correcting defects and errors in the software. Statement II is true because it provides management with insights into the progress and quality of the software project. Statement IV is true because the verification and validation activities are executed concurrently with the software development activities to ensure that the software is being developed correctly. Therefore, the correct answer is I, II&IV.

Change X requires a higher level of authority than Change Y because when a product is distributed to several sites, there are multiple stakeholders and potential impacts that need to be considered. This requires a higher level of authority to ensure that the change is properly planned, coordinated, and implemented across all sites. On the other hand, a product with a single user has a narrower scope and fewer potential impacts, making it less complex and requiring a lower level of authority for change.

To ensure that each statement is executed at least once, we need to find the minimum number of tests. One way to do this is by using a loop that iterates through each statement until all of them have been executed. In this case, since there are 4 statements, we need at least 4 tests to cover all of them. However, the answer given is 6, which means that there might be additional conditions or dependencies between the statements that require extra tests to ensure their execution. Without further information, it is not possible to determine the exact reason for needing 6 tests.