Human Growth And Development! Psychology Trivia Facts Quiz

The research indicates that boys are more likely to have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This suggests that ADHD is more prevalent in boys compared to girls.

The father's response of calling Suzie an embarrassment and threatening her indicates a controlling and strict parenting style. Authoritarian parents tend to have high expectations, enforce strict rules, and may use punishment and criticism to maintain control. This aligns with the father's behavior in this scenario.

Children in early childhood have the easiest time learning a second language because their brains are more flexible and adaptable during this period. Their neural connections are still developing, allowing them to acquire language skills more effortlessly. Additionally, their exposure to different sounds and linguistic patterns at a young age enhances their ability to mimic and absorb new languages. As they grow older, the brain becomes less receptive to language acquisition, making it more challenging for children in late childhood, adolescents, and young adults to learn a second language with the same ease.

Organic retardation refers to a condition characterized by intellectual impairment caused by either a genetic disorder or brain damage. Genetic disorders can result in abnormalities in the structure or function of the brain, leading to cognitive deficits. Similarly, brain damage caused by injury, infection, or other factors can also impact intellectual abilities. The other options, such as being raised by poorly educated parents, an impoverished intellectual environment, or traumatic experiences, may contribute to developmental or environmental factors that can affect cognitive development but are not directly associated with organic retardation.

The speaker is misusing the results of an intelligence test because they are making assumptions about Hannah's future success based solely on her IQ score. They are disregarding other important factors such as motivation, work ethic, and personal interests that can greatly influence one's success in a specific career. Additionally, the speaker is assuming that intelligence alone determines success, which is not necessarily true.

An emotion-dismissing parent is someone who denies, ignores, or tries to change the negative emotions of their children. This means that they do not validate or acknowledge their child's feelings, which can be detrimental to their emotional development. Instead of providing support and guidance, they dismiss or downplay their child's emotions, potentially causing them to feel invalidated and misunderstood.

The development of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people is referred to as moral development. This process involves the internalization of societal norms and values, leading individuals to differentiate between right and wrong and make ethical decisions. It encompasses the formation of a personal moral code and the ability to empathize with others, ultimately shaping one's moral character and guiding their actions in social contexts.

Kate's mother is helping her develop social understanding by teaching her about the impact of her words on other people's feelings. Social understanding refers to the ability to recognize and interpret social cues, understand others' perspectives, and navigate social interactions effectively. By explaining the consequences of her words, Kate's mother is helping her develop empathy and consider the feelings of others, which is an important aspect of social understanding.

Mimi's statement indicates that she is able to classify her grandmother as a separate category from her mother. This suggests that she has an understanding of the concept of classification, which involves grouping objects or people based on their similarities and differences. Mimi recognizes that her grandmother cannot be her mother because they belong to different categories, despite the fact that her grandmother is also her mother's mother. This demonstrates her understanding of classification.

Advances in the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for attention, reasoning, and cognitive control, are linked to improved abilities in these areas. This means that as the prefrontal cortex develops and becomes more advanced, children will have better attention spans, reasoning skills, and cognitive control.

The effects of television on children's development are mixed, with both positive and negative aspects. While television can provide educational content and promote cognitive development, excessive screen time can lead to sedentary behavior, decreased physical activity, and poor social skills. Additionally, exposure to violence and inappropriate content can have negative effects on children's behavior and attitudes. Therefore, it can be concluded that the effects of television on children's development are a combination of both positive and negative outcomes.

The best supported idea about divorce based on available evidence is that a divorce may improve children's lives under some circumstances. This suggests that divorce does not necessarily have a negative impact on children's well-being, but rather its effects depend on various factors such as the specific circumstances surrounding the divorce, the quality of the parent-child relationships, and the support systems available to the children. This viewpoint acknowledges that divorce can have both positive and negative effects on children, emphasizing the importance of considering individual circumstances when assessing its impact.

The correct answer is "are correlational." This means that the studies mentioned in the question only show a relationship or correlation between exposure to violent TV programming and increased aggression in children. Correlational studies cannot establish a cause-and-effect relationship, so it would be incorrect to conclude that watching TV causes aggression based solely on these types of studies.

All of these options provide gender role models. Peers can serve as role models by exhibiting certain behaviors and attitudes that align with traditional gender roles. Schools can also provide role models through teachers and staff who demonstrate gender-appropriate behavior. The media, including television, movies, and advertisements, often portray gender role models that can influence individuals' perceptions and expectations. Therefore, all of these sources can contribute to the formation of gender role models.

The dimension that distinguishes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from other types of learning disabilities is activity level. ADHD is characterized by hyperactivity and impulsivity, which can significantly affect a person's ability to focus and pay attention. Other types of learning disabilities may not necessarily involve hyperactivity or high levels of physical activity. Therefore, activity level is a key factor in distinguishing ADHD from other learning disabilities.

Metacognition refers to the awareness and understanding of one's own cognitive processes, including knowledge about one's own thinking and learning abilities. It involves the ability to reflect on and monitor one's own thoughts, memories, and problem-solving strategies. Metamemory, on the other hand, specifically refers to knowledge and awareness about one's own memory processes. Therefore, the concept of "knowing about knowing" aligns more closely with metacognition rather than metamemory or any other options provided.

The best explanation for why minorities earn lower scores on IQ tests is the environment. This means that factors such as socioeconomic status, access to quality education, cultural bias in testing, and discrimination can all contribute to the lower scores. It suggests that external factors play a significant role in shaping intelligence test results, rather than inherent genetic or racial differences.

The terms "multile classification," "reversibility," and "logical reasoning" are all related to cognitive processes and thinking abilities. Multile classification refers to the ability to categorize objects into multiple groups, reversibility refers to the understanding that certain actions can be undone or reversed, and logical reasoning refers to the ability to think and draw conclusions based on logical principles. However, egocentrism refers to the tendency to only see things from one's own perspective and difficulty in understanding others' viewpoints. It is not directly related to cognitive processes and is the odd one out among the given terms.

Approximately 10% of children in the United States receive special education or related services. This percentage indicates that a significant portion of the population requires additional support and accommodations in their educational journey. Special education services aim to address the unique needs and challenges faced by these children, ensuring they have equal opportunities to thrive academically and socially. This statistic highlights the importance of inclusive education and the commitment to providing tailored support to students with disabilities or learning difficulties.

Creativity refers to the ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and to come up with unique solutions to problems. It involves thinking outside the box and generating ideas that are original and innovative. Spontaneity refers to acting on impulse without premeditation, congruency refers to the state of being in agreement or harmony, and elasticity refers to the ability to stretch or adapt. Therefore, creativity is the correct answer as it best captures the concept described in the question.

During the preschool years, children's social skills and interactions with others develop rapidly. They start to engage in more cooperative and interactive play with their peers, which is known as social play. This type of play involves sharing, taking turns, and engaging in pretend play scenarios together. As children become more socially aware and develop a better understanding of social norms, the frequency and complexity of their social play increase. Therefore, social play is the type of play that increases dramatically during the preschool years.

Dante is in the stage of autonomous morality because he willingly accepts and adopts a new set of rules for playing soccer. This shows that he is capable of making independent moral decisions and is no longer solely reliant on external authority figures or rules. In this stage, individuals begin to develop their own sense of right and wrong and take responsibility for their actions based on their own internal moral compass.

The statement "practice play involves increases in elementary school years" is not true. Practice play is prevalent in the preschool years, where children engage in repetitive behaviors to learn new skills. However, as children progress into elementary school years, their play becomes more focused on rules and social interactions rather than repetitive practice. Practice play can be engaged in throughout life, as individuals continue to learn and develop new skills.

The criteria that Ellen Winner described to characterize gifted children include precocity, marching to their own drummer, and a passion to master. However, "easily bored" was not one of these criteria. This means that according to Winner, gifted children may exhibit precocious abilities, have a unique way of thinking or behaving, and display a strong drive to master their interests, but being easily bored is not necessarily a characteristic of giftedness.

Providing an enriching home environment for children can be beneficial in preventing cultural-familial retardation. This is because a stimulating and supportive home environment can promote cognitive development, social skills, and overall well-being in children. It can help them learn and grow, develop positive relationships, and have access to resources and opportunities that contribute to their overall development.

Nathan Brody (2007) suggests that individuals who excel in one intellectual task are likely to excel in tasks in other areas or domains as well. This implies that their exceptional abilities are not limited to a specific field, but can be applied across different areas. This contradicts the notion that they are only geniuses or savants, as these terms typically refer to individuals who have exceptional abilities in a specific domain. Therefore, the most fitting explanation is that individuals who excel in one intellectual task are likely to excel in tasks in other areas or domains.

The given answer, "most children of gay and lesbian parents were adopted," is not true. Research has shown that the majority of children raised by gay and lesbian parents were born in heterosexual relationships that ended in divorce. This suggests that these children were not adopted but rather came from previous heterosexual unions.

Jean Piaget was primarily interested in studying the cognitive development of children, including their moral reasoning. He believed that children go through different stages of moral development, from a focus on obedience to an understanding of social rules and principles. Piaget's research focused on how children develop their own understanding of right and wrong, and how their moral reasoning evolves as they grow. Therefore, the answer "moral reasoning of children" aligns with Piaget's primary interest in studying children's cognitive development in the moral domain.

The ability to evaluate the practical usefulness is the best example of "critical thinking" as it involves analyzing and assessing the relevance and applicability of information or knowledge in real-life situations. It requires considering various factors, weighing pros and cons, and making informed judgments based on logical reasoning and evidence. This skill goes beyond comprehension, memory, or understanding statistical analyses, as it involves a deeper level of analysis and evaluation.

The correct answer is a free and appropriate education for all children. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) mandates that all children with disabilities receive a free and appropriate education. This means that schools must provide special education services and accommodations to meet the unique needs of each student with a disability, at no cost to the parents. The act emphasizes the importance of individualized education plans, inclusion in general education classrooms to the maximum extent possible, and access to the same educational opportunities as their non-disabled peers.

High blood pressure goes undiagnosed in 75% of children. This means that a significant number of children with high blood pressure are not identified and therefore not receiving appropriate treatment. This is a concerning finding as untreated high blood pressure can lead to serious cardiovascular complications later in life. It highlights the need for better screening and awareness of this condition in children.

Children typically cannot get an idea of how they compare with other children the same age from their siblings because siblings are usually close in age and development. Peers, on the other hand, come from a variety of backgrounds and have different abilities, which allows children to gauge their own strengths and weaknesses in relation to others. This comparison helps children develop a sense of self and understand their place in the world.

Concrete operational thought is a stage of cognitive development in which children are able to think logically and perform mental operations, such as mental reversibility and classification skills. However, abstract thinking is not a characteristic of concrete operational thought. Abstract thinking is typically developed during the formal operational stage of cognitive development, which occurs during adolescence. In concrete operational thought, children primarily focus on concrete objects and events that they can directly observe and manipulate. They have difficulty understanding abstract concepts and hypothetical situations.

The whole-language approach emphasizes that reading instruction should mirror a child's natural language learning process. This means that children are exposed to meaningful and authentic texts from an early age, focusing on comprehension and meaning rather than isolated skills. The whole-language approach values the integration of reading, writing, speaking, and listening, and believes that children learn to read best through immersion in rich language experiences. This approach encourages the use of context, prediction, and personal connections to make sense of texts, fostering a love for reading and promoting lifelong literacy skills.

During elementary school years, most children experience significant growth and development in various aspects of their physical abilities. While their height and weight also increase during this period, the most notable change is seen in their strength capabilities. This is because their muscles and bones continue to develop and strengthen, enabling them to perform physical tasks with more power and efficiency. As they engage in activities like sports and play, their strength capabilities double, allowing them to handle more demanding physical challenges.

Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposes that there are several different types of intelligence, including naturalist skills, musical skills, and verbal skills. However, artistic skills are not explicitly mentioned as one of the types of intelligence in Gardner's theory. Therefore, the correct answer is artistic skills.

Piaget's theory of cognitive development has been criticized in four areas, but the statement "culture and education exert less influence on children's development than Piaget believed" is NOT one of the criticisms. The other options provide valid criticisms of Piaget's theory, such as the fact that several concrete operational concepts do not appear in synchrony and that some cognitive abilities emerge earlier than Piaget thought. Additionally, the statement that children who are at one cognitive stage can be trained is also a criticism of Piaget's theory.

The correct answer is .75. This means that by adolescence, approximately 75% of the variability in intelligence can be attributed to genetic factors. This estimate suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in determining intelligence during this stage of development.

The correct answer is "none of the above." This means that maternal employment outside of the home does not have any of the negative effects mentioned in the options. It suggests that children are still able to socialize properly, develop a secure attachment to their parents, and perform well academically, despite their mother's employment.

The term "individual differences" in the context of intelligence refers to the variations or disparities that exist between individuals and remain consistent or stable over time. It implies that people differ in their cognitive abilities, intellectual potential, and aptitude, and these differences tend to persist throughout their lives. This concept recognizes that individuals have unique strengths, weaknesses, and characteristics that differentiate them from one another and are not likely to change significantly over time.