Psych Study Guide: Chapter 9

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  • 1/100 Questions

    ________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

    • Artistic
    • Cognitive
    • Emotional 
    • Psychosocial 
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About This Quiz

This study guide for Chapter 9 in psychology focuses on various developmental stages and processes, including physical and cognitive development, normative approaches, and developmental milestones. It aids in understanding normal growth patterns and cognitive skills development relevant for learners and professionals.

Psych Study Guide: Chapter 9 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    ________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

    • Categories

    • Cognitions

    • Facsimiles

    • Schemata

    Correct Answer
    A. Schemata
    Explanation
    Schemata are mental models or frameworks that we use to organize and make sense of information. They help us categorize and interpret new information based on our existing knowledge and experiences. Schemata allow us to quickly process and understand new information by fitting it into pre-existing mental frameworks. They are essential for cognitive processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.

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  • 3. 

    The _______ type of infant attaches to the mother and uses her as a secure base to explore the environment

    • Secure

    • Avoidant

    • Resistant

    • Bold

    Correct Answer
    A. Secure
    Explanation
    Secure attachment is a type of infant attachment where the baby feels safe and comfortable with their caregiver, usually the mother, and uses her as a secure base to explore their surroundings. This means that the baby feels confident to explore and interact with the environment, knowing that their caregiver is there for support and comfort if needed. This type of attachment is characterized by a healthy balance between dependence and independence, and is considered to be the most desirable and beneficial for the child's overall development.

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  • 4. 

    Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

    • Assimilation

    • Conservation

    • Egocentrism

    • Reversibility

    Correct Answer
    A. Assimilation
    Explanation
    Assimilation refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known. This means that when new information is encountered, it is incorporated into existing knowledge and understanding. Assimilation allows individuals to make sense of new experiences by relating them to their existing mental frameworks. It is a process by which individuals can expand their knowledge and understanding of the world around them.

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  • 5. 

    ______ parents expect mature behavior, use reasoning and set firm limits.

    • Authoritarian

    • Authoritative

    • Permissive

    • Laissez - Faire

    Correct Answer
    A. Authoritative
    Explanation
    Authoritative parents expect mature behavior from their children, but also use reasoning and set firm limits. They provide guidance and rules, but also allow for independence and individuality. This parenting style is characterized by open communication, mutual respect, and a balance between discipline and warmth. Authoritative parents encourage their children to express their opinions and make decisions, while still maintaining authority and structure in the household. This approach fosters a healthy and supportive environment for the child's development.

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  • 6. 

    _____ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects.

    • Biological

    • Cognitive 

    • Manipulative

    • Motor

    Correct Answer
    A. Motor
    Explanation
    Motor skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects. These skills involve the coordination of muscles and nerves to perform physical tasks such as walking, running, and throwing. Motor skills are essential for everyday activities and are developed through practice and repetition. They play a crucial role in the development of children and are also important for adults in various occupations and sports.

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  • 7. 

    A developmental psychologist might use ________ in order to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child’s own home

    • Case studies

    • Experiments

    • Naturalistic observation

    • Surverys

    Correct Answer
    A. Naturalistic observation
    Explanation
    A developmental psychologist might use naturalistic observation in order to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home. This method involves observing individuals in their natural environment without any manipulation or interference from the researcher. By observing children in their everyday settings, the psychologist can gain a better understanding of their behavior, interactions, and development. This method allows for a more accurate and realistic representation of how children behave in their natural environment compared to other methods such as experiments or surveys.

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  • 8. 

    Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period.

    • Assessments

    • Case studies

    • Naturalistic observations

    • Surveys

    Correct Answer
    A. Surveys
    Explanation
    Emily plans to use surveys to complete her doctoral paper. Surveys involve asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period. This method allows Emily to collect data directly from participants and gain insights into their subjective experiences. Surveys are a common research tool in psychology as they provide a structured way to gather large amounts of data efficiently.

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  • 9. 

    Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops _____

    • During early childhood

    • During puberty

    • In late adolescence

    • In utero

    Correct Answer
    A. During early childhood
    Explanation
    Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops during early childhood. This is because Freud proposed that the early years of a person's life, specifically the first five years, are crucial in shaping their personality. He argued that experiences and conflicts during this stage, such as the resolution of the Oedipus and Electra complexes, greatly impact the development of the individual's personality. Freud's psychoanalytic theory suggests that early childhood experiences, including interactions with parents and caregivers, play a significant role in shaping an individual's personality traits and behaviors later in life.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development?

    • Zygote, fetus, embryo

    • Fetus, embryo, zygote

    • Fetus, zygote, embryo

    • Zygote, embryo, fetus

    Correct Answer
    A. Zygote, embryo, fetus
    Explanation
    The correct order of prenatal development is zygote, embryo, fetus. During fertilization, the sperm and egg combine to form a zygote. The zygote then undergoes cell division and becomes an embryo. As the embryo continues to develop, it eventually becomes a fetus.

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  • 11. 

    Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of _____ motor skills

    • Fine

    • Gross

    • Moving

    • Physical

    Correct Answer
    A. Gross
    Explanation
    Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of gross motor skills. Gross motor skills involve the movement and coordination of large muscle groups, such as those in the arms, legs, and core. These skills require the use of multiple body parts and the ability to control and coordinate movements. Balancing, running, and jumping all require the use of large muscle groups and coordination of movements, making them examples of gross motor skills. Fine motor skills, on the other hand, involve the coordination and control of smaller muscle groups, such as those in the hands and fingers.

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  • 12. 

    When people reach their 40s, they enter the time known as middle adulthood, which extends to the mid-60s. This involves finding their life’s work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

    • Generativity vs. stagnation

    • Integrity vs. despair

    • Intimacy vs. isolation

    • Trust vs. mistrust

    Correct Answer
    A. Generativity vs. stagnation
    Explanation
    The primary developmental task of middle adulthood is generativity vs. stagnation. This stage involves individuals finding their life's work and making meaningful contributions to society. Generativity refers to the desire to leave a lasting impact on future generations, such as through mentoring, volunteering, and raising children. Stagnation, on the other hand, refers to a lack of personal growth and feeling unproductive. In middle adulthood, individuals often reflect on their accomplishments and assess whether they have made a positive difference in the world, which is the central conflict of generativity vs. stagnation.

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  • 13. 

    Which of the following is the correct order of stages in Kübler-Ross’s five-stage model of grief?

    • Denial, bargaining, anger, depression, acceptance

    • Anger, depression, bargaining, acceptance, denial

    • Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

    • Anger, acceptance, denial, depression, bargaining

    Correct Answer
    A. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
    Explanation
    Kübler-Ross's five-stage model of grief suggests that individuals go through a series of emotional stages when faced with grief or loss. The correct order of these stages is denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. In the denial stage, individuals may refuse to believe or accept the reality of the loss. This is followed by anger, where individuals may express frustration and resentment. Bargaining involves attempting to negotiate or make deals to change the outcome. Depression is characterized by feelings of sadness and hopelessness. Finally, acceptance involves coming to terms with the loss and finding a way to move forward.

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  • 14. 

    People in early adulthood (20s through early 40s) are ready to establish emotional closeness and maintain relationships with others. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

    • Autonomy vs. shame / guilt

    • Industry vs. inferiority

    • Intimacy vs. isolation

    • Trust vs. mistrust

    Correct Answer
    A. Intimacy vs. isolation
    Explanation
    In early adulthood, individuals are typically ready to form and maintain close emotional relationships with others. This stage is characterized by the primary developmental task of establishing intimacy and avoiding feelings of isolation. During this period, individuals seek to develop deep connections, both romantically and socially, and to form lasting bonds with others. The focus is on building meaningful relationships and avoiding a sense of loneliness or detachment from others.

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  • 15. 

    Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

    • Egocentrism

    • Object permanence

    • Reversibility 

    • Stranger anxiety

    Correct Answer
    A. Object permanence
    Explanation
    This scenario exemplifies object permanence. Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight. In this case, Madeline is aware that the cookie is still under the napkin even though she cannot see it. This demonstrates her understanding of object permanence.

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  • 16. 

    In girls' human development, menarche is associated with _____

    • Puberty

    • Creativity

    • Homeostasis

    • Brain growth 

    Correct Answer
    A. Puberty
    Explanation
    Menarche is the onset of menstruation in girls, which typically occurs during puberty. This is a significant milestone in female human development as it marks the beginning of reproductive capability. During puberty, there are various physical and hormonal changes that occur in the body, including the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the maturation of the reproductive system. Therefore, menarche is directly associated with puberty.

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  • 17. 

    Francis takes his six-month-old daughter to daycare. A substitute provider is there, and his daughter begins crying. She clings to her father and hides her face. What does this best exemplify?

    • Conservation

    • Egocentrism

    • Pretend play

    • Stranger anxiety 

    Correct Answer
    A. Stranger anxiety 
    Explanation
    This scenario best exemplifies stranger anxiety. Stranger anxiety is a normal developmental stage that infants go through where they become wary and fearful of unfamiliar people. In this case, the daughter's reaction of crying, clinging to her father, and hiding her face when faced with a substitute provider at daycare indicates her discomfort and fear towards someone she does not recognize. This behavior is a common manifestation of stranger anxiety in infants.

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  • 18. 

    Soon after birth, a nurse almost drops James. He spreads his arms, pulls them back in, and then cries. This is an example of ________

    • Egocentrism

    • Moro reflex

    • Preoperational stage

    • Stranger anxiety

    Correct Answer
    A. Moro reflex
    Explanation
    The Moro reflex is a normal response in newborn babies when they experience a sudden change in their position or are startled. In this scenario, James almost being dropped triggers his Moro reflex. This reflex is characterized by the baby spreading their arms out, pulling them back in, and crying. It is an instinctual response that helps the baby protect themselves and regain a sense of security after a sudden disturbance.

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  • 19. 

    Which one do you like?Alberto is a one year old and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

    • Avoidant

    • Disorganized

    • Resistant

    • Sercure

    Correct Answer
    A. Sercure
    Explanation
    This attachment can be classified as secure. The child displays distress when the mother leaves, indicating a secure base attachment. Additionally, the child's happiness upon the mother's return suggests a secure attachment as well.

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  • 20. 

    Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger—she doesn’t care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment best describes this?

    • Avoidant

    • Disorganized

    • Resistant

    • Secure 

    Correct Answer
    A. Avoidant
    Explanation
    This scenario suggests that Marcy has developed an avoidant attachment style. This is indicated by her lack of reaction to her father leaving the room and her slow response upon his return. These behaviors suggest that Marcy has learned to suppress her attachment needs and has become emotionally distant from her father. She may have learned that her needs will not be consistently met, leading her to develop a self-reliant and independent approach to relationships.

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  • 21. 

    Harlow’s studies with monkeys best showed the need for ____.

    • Food

    • Shelter

    • Saftey

    • Comfort

    Correct Answer
    A. Comfort
    Explanation
    Harlow's studies with monkeys demonstrated that the need for comfort, specifically the comfort of a soft and warm mother figure, was essential for their well-being. In his experiments, he found that the monkeys preferred the comfort of a cloth mother over a wire mother that provided food. This highlighted the importance of emotional attachment and social support in promoting healthy development and overall satisfaction in primates.

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  • 22. 

    Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the formal operational stage?

    • Conservation

    • Moral reasoning

    • Pretend play

    • Stranger anxiety

    Correct Answer
    A. Moral reasoning
    Explanation
    During the formal operational stage, children develop the ability to think abstractly and engage in hypothetical reasoning. Moral reasoning is a developmental issue that children face during this stage. It involves the ability to understand and make judgments about right and wrong, as well as the consequences of their actions. This stage is characterized by the development of a personal code of ethics and an understanding of moral principles such as fairness and justice. Children in the formal operational stage begin to consider the intentions and motivations behind actions, and they may also start to question societal norms and values.

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  • 23. 

    According to attachment theory, which of the following is least needed for healthy attachment?

    • Caregiver and child must engage in mutually enjoyable interactions

    • Caregiver must be responsive to a child's emotional needs

    • Caregiver must be responsive to a child's physical needs

    • Caregiver must be responsive to a child's religious preference

    Correct Answer
    A. Caregiver must be responsive to a child's religious preference
  • 24. 

    Early maturing girls are ________.

    • At a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders

    • Less likely to drop out of high school

    • More confident

    • More likely to go to college

    Correct Answer
    A. At a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders
    Explanation
    Early maturing girls are at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders. This is because they may face challenges in coping with the physical and emotional changes that come with early puberty. These girls may feel socially isolated or different from their peers, which can contribute to feelings of low self-esteem and increased vulnerability to mental health issues. Additionally, the early onset of puberty may expose them to situations and pressures that they may not be emotionally ready to handle, increasing the likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors such as substance abuse.

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  • 25. 

    The continuous development approach views development as a ________.

    • Biological imperative

    • Cumulative process

    • Series of accidents

    • Unique progress

    Correct Answer
    A. Cumulative process
    Explanation
    The continuous development approach views development as a cumulative process. This means that development is seen as a result of the accumulation of knowledge, skills, and experiences over time. It suggests that each stage of development builds upon the previous ones, leading to continuous growth and progress. This perspective emphasizes the importance of continuous learning and improvement in achieving developmental goals.

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  • 26. 

    What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The zygote is a structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the developing embryo via the umbilical cord.

    • The phrase "the umbilical cord" should be changed to the word "mitosis"

    • The word "embryo" should be changed to the word "germinal"

    • The word "uterus" should be changed to the word "fetus" 

    • The word "zygote" should be changed to the word "placenta"

    Correct Answer
    A. The word "zygote" should be changed to the word "placenta"
    Explanation
    The zygote is the fertilized egg that forms when a sperm and egg combine. It is the earliest stage of development in humans. The placenta, on the other hand, is an organ that develops during pregnancy and is responsible for providing nourishment and oxygen to the developing embryo or fetus. Therefore, in order to make the sentence true, the word "zygote" should be changed to "placenta" to accurately describe the structure that provides nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the developing embryo.

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  • 27. 

    Children who are developing disorganized attachment to their caregivers most likely have been ________.

    • Abused

    • Born addicted to cocaine

    • Diagnosed with ADHD

    • Separated from their parents

    Correct Answer
    A. Abused
    Explanation
    Children who are developing disorganized attachment to their caregivers most likely have been abused. Abuse can disrupt the formation of secure attachments between children and their caregivers, leading to disorganized attachment. This can occur due to physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, as well as neglect. The trauma experienced from abuse can interfere with a child's ability to trust and form healthy relationships, resulting in disorganized attachment patterns.

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  • 28. 

    Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

    • Authoritarian

    • Authoritative 

    • Disorganized

    • Permissive

    Correct Answer
    A. Authoritative 
    Explanation
    The most encouraged parenting style in modern America is authoritative. This style promotes a balance between setting clear rules and expectations while also being responsive and supportive to the child's needs. It focuses on open communication, mutual respect, and encourages independence and self-discipline in children. This style is considered beneficial as it fosters a positive parent-child relationship and helps children develop into responsible and well-adjusted individuals.

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  • 29. 

    Children whose parents have an authoritarian parenting style are most likely to become ________.

    • Anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy

    • Creative, moody, and flexible

    • Disorganized, undisciplined, and sloppy

    • Quiet, shy, humble

    Correct Answer
    A. Anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy
    Explanation
    Children whose parents have an authoritarian parenting style are most likely to become anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy. This is because authoritarian parents tend to be strict, demanding, and controlling, which can lead to high levels of pressure and fear in children. As a result, children may develop anxiety, withdraw from social interactions, and feel unhappy due to the lack of autonomy and emotional support in their upbringing.

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  • 30. 

    The period of life beginning at puberty and ending with early adulthood is called ___.

    • Moratorium

    • The teenage years

    • The pubertal period

    • Adolescence

    Correct Answer
    A. Adolescence
    Explanation
    Adolescence refers to the period of life that starts at puberty and ends with early adulthood. It is a time of significant physical, emotional, and social changes as individuals transition from childhood to adulthood. During adolescence, individuals experience rapid growth and development, hormonal changes, and the development of sexual characteristics. This period is also characterized by increased independence, identity formation, and exploration of new roles and responsibilities. Therefore, adolescence is the correct answer to the question.

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  • 31. 

    _______ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness

    • Cognitive

    • Learning 

    • Physical

    • Psychosocial 

    Correct Answer
    A. Physical
    Explanation
    Physical development refers to the growth and changes that occur in the body and brain, as well as the development of the senses, motor skills, and overall health and wellness. This includes changes in height, weight, muscle strength, coordination, and the development of sensory abilities such as vision, hearing, and touch. Physical development is crucial during childhood and adolescence, as it lays the foundation for future growth and functioning. It is also influenced by genetics, nutrition, physical activity, and environmental factors.

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  • 32. 

    Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?

    • Erik Erikson

    • Jean Piaget

    • Lawrence Kohlberg

    • Sigmund Freud

    Correct Answer
    A. Sigmund Freud
    Explanation
    Sigmund Freud is attributed to calling the stages of development psychosexual stages. Freud believed that individuals pass through distinct stages of psychosexual development, each characterized by a different focus of pleasure and potential conflict. These stages include the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. Freud's theory of psychosexual development has had a significant impact on the field of psychology and continues to be influential in understanding human development.

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  • 33. 

    Ego identity is our _____.

    • Early personality

    • Nature

    • Primary character

    • Sense of self 

    Correct Answer
    A. Sense of self 
    Explanation
    Ego identity refers to our sense of self, which encompasses our understanding of who we are, our beliefs, values, and goals. It involves the integration of various aspects of our personality and experiences, shaping our identity and guiding our behavior. Ego identity is crucial for establishing a coherent and stable sense of self, allowing us to navigate through life and make meaningful choices.

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  • 34. 

    Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills

    • Fine

    • Gross

    • Hand

    • Manipulative

    Correct Answer
    A. Fine
    Explanation
    Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon require precise and coordinated movements of the small muscles in our hands and fingers. These activities involve fine motor skills, which involve the dexterity and control of small muscle groups. Fine motor skills are necessary for tasks that require precision and accuracy, such as writing, drawing, and manipulating small objects.

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  • 35. 

    In psychology, the work "nature" refers to _____ and the word "nurture" refers to _____

    • Genes; environment

    • Environment; genes

    • Continuous; discontinuous

    • Discontinuous; continuous

    Correct Answer
    A. Genes; environment
    Explanation
    In psychology, the term "nature" refers to genes, while the term "nurture" refers to the environment. This means that "nature" represents the inherent genetic factors that influence an individual's traits and characteristics, while "nurture" represents the external factors such as upbringing, experiences, and social interactions that shape an individual's development and behavior.

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  • 36. 

    One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, “Look mommy, truck!” This best exemplifies ________.

    • Accommodation

    • Acquisition

    • Assimilation

    • Attainment

    Correct Answer
    A. Assimilation
    Explanation
    This scenario demonstrates assimilation, which is the process of incorporating new information or experiences into existing mental schemas. Ainsley has already learned the schema for trucks based on her family's truck, and she is now applying this schema to trucks she sees on television. This shows that she is assimilating new instances of the concept of a truck into her existing understanding of what a truck is.

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  • 37. 

    Carissa’s parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style best describes this?

    • Authoritarian

    • Authoritative

    • Freudian

    • Permissive

    Correct Answer
    A. Permissive
    Explanation
    This parenting style is best described as permissive because Carissa's parents allow her to have a lot of freedom and make her own decisions without much guidance or rules. They act more like friends than authority figures, which is characteristic of permissive parenting.

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  • 38. 

    In a(an) ________, developmental psychologists collect a great deal of information from one individual in order to better understand physical and psychological changes over the lifespan.

    • Case study

    • Experiment

    • Naturalistic observation

    • Secondary analysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Case study
    Explanation
    A case study is a research method used by developmental psychologists to gather extensive information from a single individual. By studying one person in depth, researchers can gain insights into the physical and psychological changes that occur over a lifespan. This method allows for a detailed examination of an individual's unique experiences and can provide valuable data for understanding developmental processes.

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  • 39. 

    Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.

    • Cognitive developments

    • Developmental milestones

    • Naturalistic observations

    • Psychosexual stages 

    Correct Answer
    A. Developmental milestones
    Explanation
    Developmental milestones refer to the significant achievements or abilities that individuals reach at specific ages or stages of development. Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of these milestones. They represent important markers of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development, and they help professionals and parents track a child's progress and identify any potential delays or concerns. Therefore, the answer "developmental milestones" accurately describes the examples given.

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  • 40. 

    Stage theories hold that the sequence of development is _____

    • Cultural specific

    • Dramatic 

    • Related to language acquisition

    • Universal 

    Correct Answer
    A. Universal 
    Explanation
    Stage theories propose that the sequence of development is universal, meaning that it occurs in the same order for all individuals regardless of their cultural background or language acquisition. This suggests that there are common patterns and milestones in human development that are shared across different cultures and languages. Universal stage theories provide a framework for understanding and studying human development across diverse populations and settings.

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  • 41. 

    After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

    • Generativity vs. stagnation

    • Identity vs. guilt

    • Initiative vs. guilt

    • Integrity vs. despair

    Correct Answer
    A. Integrity vs. despair
    Explanation
    After age 65, individuals enter the stage of integrity vs. despair. During this stage, people reflect on their lives and evaluate whether they have lived a meaningful and fulfilling life. They may experience a sense of satisfaction and wisdom if they believe they have made positive contributions to society and have lived according to their values. On the other hand, if they feel a sense of regret and despair, they may struggle to find meaning and purpose in their lives. This stage is characterized by the need to achieve a sense of integrity and acceptance of one's life, rather than succumbing to feelings of despair and disappointment.

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  • 42. 

    18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, “Look mommy, apples!” His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This best exemplifies ________.

    • Accommodation

    • Assimilation

    • Exclusion

    • Inclusion

    Correct Answer
    A. Accommodation
    Explanation
    This scenario demonstrates accommodation, which is the process of adjusting existing schemas or creating new ones to incorporate new information or experiences. In this case, Gordon initially assimilated tomatoes into his existing schema for apples, but after his mother corrected him, he created a separate schema for tomatoes. This shows that he has accommodated the new information about tomatoes and adjusted his understanding accordingly.

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  • 43. 

    During Jean Piaget's _____ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions

    • Concrete operational

    • Formal operational

    • Preoperational

    • Sensorimotor

    Correct Answer
    A. Sensorimotor
    Explanation
    In the sensorimotor stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, infants and young children experience the world through their senses and actions. This stage is characterized by the development of object permanence, the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not directly perceived. During this stage, children also learn to coordinate their sensory experiences with their motor actions, leading to the development of basic problem-solving skills and the ability to imitate actions. Overall, the sensorimotor stage is a crucial period for the development of physical and cognitive abilities in infants and young children.

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  • 44. 

    Which of the following cognitive skills is least likely to show a substantial decline as people age?

    • Slower reaction time

    • Muscle strength diminishes

    • Skin changes

    • Ability to apply acquired information

    Correct Answer
    A. Ability to apply acquired information
    Explanation
    As people age, they may experience a decline in various cognitive skills. However, the ability to apply acquired information is least likely to show a substantial decline. This is because the brain has the capacity to retain and utilize knowledge and skills gained over time. While other cognitive skills such as reaction time may slow down, muscle strength may diminish, and skin may undergo changes, the ability to apply acquired information can remain relatively stable or even improve with age, as individuals accumulate more life experiences and knowledge.

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  • 45. 

    Which age range BESETE represents preoperational thought?

    • 0-2

    • 2-7

    • 7-11

    • 11-adulthood

    Correct Answer
    A. 2-7
    Explanation
    The age range of 2-7 represents preoperational thought. This stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget's theory, occurs in early childhood and is characterized by egocentrism, animism, and the inability to understand conservation. During this stage, children are unable to think logically or understand abstract concepts. They are also unable to consider multiple perspectives or understand the concept of reversibility.

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  • 46. 

    Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?

    • Achievement gap

    • Bell curve

    • Attrition

    • Racism

    Correct Answer
    A. Achievement gap
    Explanation
    The concept that refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes is the achievement gap. This term is used to describe the disparities in educational outcomes between different groups of students, highlighting the unequal access to resources, opportunities, and support that can contribute to these differences. The achievement gap is a complex issue influenced by various factors such as socioeconomic status, systemic inequalities, and educational policies.

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  • 47. 

    Which of the following BEST illustrates conservation?

    • Deirbre believes that five pennies have more value than two nickles

    • Joseph saves his energy by brushing his teeth in the shower

    • Rebekah recycles her glass bottles but not her cell phone batteries

    • Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

    Correct Answer
    A. Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.
    Explanation
    Scott's understanding that cutting one piece of pizza into two slices is the same amount as cutting it into three slices demonstrates conservation. Conservation refers to the understanding that the quantity of an object or substance remains the same even when its appearance or arrangement changes. In this case, Scott recognizes that the total amount of pizza remains unchanged regardless of the number of slices it is divided into. This understanding reflects conservation of quantity, which is a key aspect of cognitive development in children.

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  • 48. 

    Lawrence Kohlberg was interested in which aspect of development?

    • Physical

    • Social

    • Intellectual

    • Moral

    Correct Answer
    A. Moral
    Explanation
    Lawrence Kohlberg was interested in the moral aspect of development. He developed a theory of moral development, which focused on how individuals develop their understanding of right and wrong, and how their moral reasoning evolves over time. Kohlberg believed that moral development occurs in stages, with individuals progressing from a focus on self-interest to a consideration of broader ethical principles. His research aimed to understand the factors that influence moral decision-making and how individuals develop a sense of justice and morality.

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  • 49. 

    Late maturing boys are ________.

    • At a higher risk of depression

    • Less likely to experience conflict with parents

    • Less likely to participate in high school athletics

    • More likely to participate in extracurricular activities

    Correct Answer
    A. At a higher risk of depression
    Explanation
    Late maturing boys are at a higher risk of depression. This could be because they may feel left out or different from their peers who have already gone through puberty. They may also face social pressures and negative self-esteem due to their physical development lagging behind. These factors can contribute to feelings of isolation, sadness, and ultimately increase their vulnerability to depression.

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  • Current Version
  • Feb 03, 2025
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Oct 30, 2019
    Quiz Created by
    Sdumanovsky

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