Psych Study Guide: Chapter 9

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Psych Study Guide: Chapter 9

_______ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness

What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan?

The germinal stage is the period from conception to _______; the _______ stage begins with lining of the mother’s uterus and extends to about the eighth week of development; the __ stage begins around the ninth week and continues until birth.

Specific normative events are also called ________.

The continuous development approach views development as a ________.

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

Turning in response to a touch on the cheek is the _______ reflex and extending arms, arching back and bringing arms toward each other, often in response to loud noises involves the _______ reflex.

Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?

Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?

Ego identity is our _____.

________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.

Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

A(an) _____ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge

The _______ type of infant attaches to the mother and uses her as a secure base to explore the environment

The concept conservation refers to _____

In ________ thinking, decisions are made based on situations and circumstances, and logic is integrated with emotion as adults develop principles that depend on contexts.

Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

A ________ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage.

______ parents expect mature behavior, use reasoning and set firm limits.

_____ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects.

_____ is a long-standing connection or bond with others

In a(an) ________, developmental psychologists collect a great deal of information from one individual in order to better understand physical and psychological changes over the lifespan.

Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.

A developmental psychologist might use ________ in order to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child’s own home

Stage theories hold that the sequence of development is _____

Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period.

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops _____

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

In which of the following stages of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development do children compare their abilities to those of their friends and classmates?

Heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, cigarettes, and alcohol are all examples of _____.

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills

Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development?

In psychology, the work "nature" refers to _____ and the word "nurture" refers to _____

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant’s needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, “Look mommy, truck!” This best exemplifies ________.

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of _____ motor skills

As toddlers (ages 1–3 years) begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on the environment to get results. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

During Jean Piaget's _____ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions

Which of the following cognitive skills is least likely to show a substantial decline as people age?

In the ________ stage, children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning.

Which of the following is the correct order of stages in Kübler-Ross’s five-stage model of grief?

Once children reach the preschool stage (ages 3–6 years), they are capable of originating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

During the ________ stage, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations

The germinal stage is the period from conception to ___; the _ stage begins with lining of the mother’s uterus and extends to about the eighth week of development; the stage begins around the ninth week and continues until birth.

Turning in response to a touch on the cheek is the _ reflex and extending arms, arching back and bringing arms toward each other, often in response to loud noises involves the _ reflex.

In psychology, the work "nature" refers to _ and the word "nurture" refers to _