Psych Study Guide: Chapter 9
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_______ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness
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Cognitive
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Learning
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Physical
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Psychosocial
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About This Quiz
This study guide for Chapter 9 in psychology focuses on various developmental stages and processes, including physical and cognitive development, normative approaches, and developmental milestones. It aids in understanding normal growth patterns and cognitive skills development relevant for learners and professionals.
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- 2.
What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan?
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What do people think about development?
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What is biological about development?
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What is normal development?
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Who decided what constituted normal development?
Correct Answer
A. What is normal development?Explanation
The normative approach in lifespan development asks about what is considered normal development. It seeks to understand the typical patterns and milestones of development across different age groups. This approach examines the average or typical behaviors, abilities, and characteristics that individuals are expected to display at certain stages of life. It helps in identifying deviations from the norm and understanding the factors that influence development.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The germinal stage is the period from conception to _______; the _______ stage begins with lining of the mother’s uterus and extends to about the eighth week of development; the __ stage begins around the ninth week and continues until birth.
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Implantation; embryonic
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Quickening; neural; placenta
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Implantation; fetal; embryonic
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Quickening; placenta; neural
Correct Answer
A. Implantation; embryonicExplanation
The germinal stage refers to the period from conception to implantation. After implantation, the embryonic stage begins, which lasts until about the eighth week of development. Following this, the fetal stage begins around the ninth week and continues until birth.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Specific normative events are also called ________.
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Age-related standards
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Averages
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Benchmarks
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Developmental milestones
Correct Answer
A. Developmental milestonesExplanation
Developmental milestones refer to specific normative events that mark the progress and achievements of individuals as they grow and develop. These milestones are often used as benchmarks or standards to assess and monitor an individual's physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The continuous development approach views development as a ________.
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Biological imperative
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Cumulative process
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Series of accidents
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Unique progress
Correct Answer
A. Cumulative processExplanation
The continuous development approach views development as a cumulative process. This means that development is seen as a result of the accumulation of knowledge, skills, and experiences over time. It suggests that each stage of development builds upon the previous ones, leading to continuous growth and progress. This perspective emphasizes the importance of continuous learning and improvement in achieving developmental goals.Rate this question:
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- 6.
________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity
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Artistic
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Cognitive
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Emotional
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Psychosocial
Correct Answer
A. CognitiveExplanation
Cognitive development refers to the growth and improvement of various mental processes, such as learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity. This type of development involves the acquisition and refinement of cognitive skills and abilities, which are essential for problem-solving, decision-making, and overall intellectual functioning. It encompasses the development of knowledge, understanding, and the ability to process and interpret information. Therefore, the given answer of "cognitive" is correct as it accurately describes the specific type of development that includes these mental processes.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.
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Continuous
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Discontinuous
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Progressive
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Regressive
Correct Answer
A. DiscontinuousExplanation
Theorists who view development as discontinuous believe that development takes place in unique stages. This means that individuals go through specific periods of growth and change, with each stage representing a distinct and qualitatively different phase. Discontinuous development suggests that there are critical periods where significant shifts in behavior, cognition, or physical development occur, and these stages are not easily reversible or interchangeable. This perspective contrasts with the idea of continuous development, which proposes that development is a gradual and cumulative process without distinct stages.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Turning in response to a touch on the cheek is the _______ reflex and extending arms, arching back and bringing arms toward each other, often in response to loud noises involves the _______ reflex.
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Sucking; moro
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Moro; sucking
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Rooting; moro
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Grasping; rooting
Correct Answer
A. Rooting; moroExplanation
The given answer is "rooting; moro". This is because turning in response to a touch on the cheek is known as the rooting reflex, where a baby turns its head towards the direction of the touch in order to find a source of food. On the other hand, extending arms, arching back, and bringing arms toward each other in response to loud noises is known as the moro reflex, which is a startle reflex commonly seen in newborns.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?
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Achievement gap
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Bell curve
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Attrition
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Racism
Correct Answer
A. Achievement gapExplanation
The concept that refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes is the achievement gap. This term is used to describe the disparities in educational outcomes between different groups of students, highlighting the unequal access to resources, opportunities, and support that can contribute to these differences. The achievement gap is a complex issue influenced by various factors such as socioeconomic status, systemic inequalities, and educational policies.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?
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Erik Erikson
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Jean Piaget
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Lawrence Kohlberg
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Sigmund Freud
Correct Answer
A. Sigmund FreudExplanation
Sigmund Freud is attributed to calling the stages of development psychosexual stages. Freud believed that individuals pass through distinct stages of psychosexual development, each characterized by a different focus of pleasure and potential conflict. These stages include the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. Freud's theory of psychosexual development has had a significant impact on the field of psychology and continues to be influential in understanding human development.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Ego identity is our _____.
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Early personality
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Nature
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Primary character
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Sense of self
Correct Answer
A. Sense of selfExplanation
Ego identity refers to our sense of self, which encompasses our understanding of who we are, our beliefs, values, and goals. It involves the integration of various aspects of our personality and experiences, shaping our identity and guiding our behavior. Ego identity is crucial for establishing a coherent and stable sense of self, allowing us to navigate through life and make meaningful choices.Rate this question:
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- 12.
________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.
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Mental
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Physical
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Psychological
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Psychosocial
Correct Answer
A. PsychosocialExplanation
Psychosocial development refers to the combination of psychological and social factors that influence an individual's growth and development. It encompasses emotional, personality, and social aspects, emphasizing the interplay between these factors. This term is often used in the context of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, which outlines eight stages of development throughout the lifespan, each characterized by specific psychosocial challenges and outcomes.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?
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Abraham Maslow
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Erik Erikson
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Jean Piaget
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Lawrence Kohlberg
Correct Answer
A. Erik EriksonExplanation
Erik Erikson developed the psychosocial theory of development. This theory suggests that individuals go through eight stages of psychosocial development throughout their lives, each stage characterized by a specific conflict or challenge that needs to be resolved. Erikson believed that successful resolution of these conflicts leads to healthy development and the acquisition of certain virtues. This theory emphasizes the importance of social interactions and relationships in shaping an individual's development.Rate this question:
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- 14.
________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.
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Categories
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Cognitions
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Facsimiles
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Schemata
Correct Answer
A. SchemataExplanation
Schemata are mental models or frameworks that we use to organize and make sense of information. They help us categorize and interpret new information based on our existing knowledge and experiences. Schemata allow us to quickly process and understand new information by fitting it into pre-existing mental frameworks. They are essential for cognitive processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A(an) _____ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge
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Embryo
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Placenta
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Protean
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Zygote
Correct Answer
A. ZygoteExplanation
A zygote is the correct answer because it is the initial stage of development in which a one-cell structure is formed by the fusion of a sperm and an egg. It is the earliest stage of an embryo and eventually develops into a multicellular organism. The other options, embryo, placenta, and protean, do not accurately describe the one-cell stage of development.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The _______ type of infant attaches to the mother and uses her as a secure base to explore the environment
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Secure
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Avoidant
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Resistant
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Bold
Correct Answer
A. SecureExplanation
Secure attachment is a type of infant attachment where the baby feels safe and comfortable with their caregiver, usually the mother, and uses her as a secure base to explore their surroundings. This means that the baby feels confident to explore and interact with the environment, knowing that their caregiver is there for support and comfort if needed. This type of attachment is characterized by a healthy balance between dependence and independence, and is considered to be the most desirable and beneficial for the child's overall development.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The concept conservation refers to _____
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Knowing that, even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added.
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Knowing that symbols represent words, images, and ideas
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Thinking logically about real (concrete) events
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Understanding that objects can be changed and then returned to their original form
Correct Answer
A. Knowing that, even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added.Explanation
The concept of conservation refers to knowing that, even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added. This means that the quantity or amount of something remains the same, regardless of its appearance. Conservation is an important cognitive milestone in child development and is often tested using tasks that involve pouring liquid from one container to another or rearranging objects in a line. It demonstrates an understanding of the concept of conservation, which is an essential aspect of logical thinking and understanding the permanence of objects.Rate this question:
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- 18.
In ________ thinking, decisions are made based on situations and circumstances, and logic is integrated with emotion as adults develop principles that depend on contexts.
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Concrete operational
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Preformal operational
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Postformal
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Sensorimotor
Correct Answer
A. PostformalExplanation
Postformal thinking refers to a stage of cognitive development in adulthood where individuals make decisions based on the integration of logic and emotion, taking into account the specific situations and circumstances. Unlike earlier stages such as concrete operational or preformal operational thinking, postformal thinking is characterized by the ability to consider multiple perspectives and develop principles that depend on the context. This stage is often associated with the ability to think critically and solve complex problems, as well as the recognition of the limitations of formal operational thinking.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?
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Erik Erikson
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Jean Piaget
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Lawrence Kohlberg
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Sigmund Freud
Correct Answer
A. Lawrence KohlbergExplanation
Lawrence Kohlberg believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages. He proposed a theory of moral development that consists of six stages, grouped into three levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. According to Kohlberg, individuals progress through these stages as they mature and develop their understanding of right and wrong. Each stage represents a different level of moral reasoning, with higher stages being more advanced and complex than lower stages. Kohlberg's theory has been influential in the field of psychology and has helped to understand how individuals develop their moral values and reasoning abilities.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?
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Assimilation
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Conservation
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Egocentrism
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Reversibility
Correct Answer
A. AssimilationExplanation
Assimilation refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known. This means that when new information is encountered, it is incorporated into existing knowledge and understanding. Assimilation allows individuals to make sense of new experiences by relating them to their existing mental frameworks. It is a process by which individuals can expand their knowledge and understanding of the world around them.Rate this question:
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- 21.
A ________ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage.
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Contaminant
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Mutagen
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Teratogen
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Zygote
Correct Answer
A. TeratogenExplanation
A teratogen is any environmental agent, whether biological, chemical, or physical, that causes damage. Teratogens are substances or factors that can disrupt the development of an embryo or fetus, leading to birth defects or developmental abnormalities. They can include things like certain drugs, chemicals, infections, or radiation. These agents can interfere with the normal development of the embryo or fetus, causing structural or functional abnormalities in the developing organism.Rate this question:
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- 22.
______ parents expect mature behavior, use reasoning and set firm limits.
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Authoritarian
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Authoritative
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Permissive
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Laissez - Faire
Correct Answer
A. AuthoritativeExplanation
Authoritative parents expect mature behavior from their children, but also use reasoning and set firm limits. They provide guidance and rules, but also allow for independence and individuality. This parenting style is characterized by open communication, mutual respect, and a balance between discipline and warmth. Authoritative parents encourage their children to express their opinions and make decisions, while still maintaining authority and structure in the household. This approach fosters a healthy and supportive environment for the child's development.Rate this question:
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- 23.
_____ skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects.
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Biological
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Cognitive
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Manipulative
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Motor
Correct Answer
A. MotorExplanation
Motor skills refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects. These skills involve the coordination of muscles and nerves to perform physical tasks such as walking, running, and throwing. Motor skills are essential for everyday activities and are developed through practice and repetition. They play a crucial role in the development of children and are also important for adults in various occupations and sports.Rate this question:
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- 24.
_____ is a long-standing connection or bond with others
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Attachment
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Nourishment
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Regard
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Security
Correct Answer
A. AttachmentExplanation
Attachment refers to a long-standing connection or bond with others. It is a deep emotional bond that forms between individuals, typically between a caregiver and a child. This bond is characterized by feelings of trust, security, and comfort, and it plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's social and emotional development. Attachment is formed through consistent and responsive caregiving, which helps to create a sense of safety and support in relationships. This connection with others is essential for healthy relationships and overall well-being.Rate this question:
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- 25.
In a(an) ________, developmental psychologists collect a great deal of information from one individual in order to better understand physical and psychological changes over the lifespan.
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Case study
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Experiment
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Naturalistic observation
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Secondary analysis
Correct Answer
A. Case studyExplanation
A case study is a research method used by developmental psychologists to gather extensive information from a single individual. By studying one person in depth, researchers can gain insights into the physical and psychological changes that occur over a lifespan. This method allows for a detailed examination of an individual's unique experiences and can provide valuable data for understanding developmental processes.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.
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Cognitive developments
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Developmental milestones
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Naturalistic observations
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Psychosexual stages
Correct Answer
A. Developmental milestonesExplanation
Developmental milestones refer to the significant achievements or abilities that individuals reach at specific ages or stages of development. Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of these milestones. They represent important markers of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development, and they help professionals and parents track a child's progress and identify any potential delays or concerns. Therefore, the answer "developmental milestones" accurately describes the examples given.Rate this question:
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- 27.
A developmental psychologist might use ________ in order to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child’s own home
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Case studies
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Experiments
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Naturalistic observation
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Surverys
Correct Answer
A. Naturalistic observationExplanation
A developmental psychologist might use naturalistic observation in order to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home. This method involves observing individuals in their natural environment without any manipulation or interference from the researcher. By observing children in their everyday settings, the psychologist can gain a better understanding of their behavior, interactions, and development. This method allows for a more accurate and realistic representation of how children behave in their natural environment compared to other methods such as experiments or surveys.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Stage theories hold that the sequence of development is _____
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Cultural specific
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Dramatic
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Related to language acquisition
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Universal
Correct Answer
A. UniversalExplanation
Stage theories propose that the sequence of development is universal, meaning that it occurs in the same order for all individuals regardless of their cultural background or language acquisition. This suggests that there are common patterns and milestones in human development that are shared across different cultures and languages. Universal stage theories provide a framework for understanding and studying human development across diverse populations and settings.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period.
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Assessments
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Case studies
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Naturalistic observations
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Surveys
Correct Answer
A. SurveysExplanation
Emily plans to use surveys to complete her doctoral paper. Surveys involve asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period. This method allows Emily to collect data directly from participants and gain insights into their subjective experiences. Surveys are a common research tool in psychology as they provide a structured way to gather large amounts of data efficiently.Rate this question:
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- 30.
What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
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Cognitive capacity
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Environment and culture
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Genes and biology
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Language acquisition
Correct Answer
A. Genes and biologyExplanation
In the nature vs. nurture debate, the term "nature" refers to genes and biology. This means that the debate is focused on whether an individual's behavior, traits, and abilities are primarily influenced by their genetic makeup or by their environment and upbringing. The "nature" side argues that genetic factors play a significant role in shaping a person's characteristics, while the "nurture" side emphasizes the impact of environmental factors such as upbringing, culture, and socialization.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops _____
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During early childhood
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During puberty
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In late adolescence
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In utero
Correct Answer
A. During early childhoodExplanation
Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops during early childhood. This is because Freud proposed that the early years of a person's life, specifically the first five years, are crucial in shaping their personality. He argued that experiences and conflicts during this stage, such as the resolution of the Oedipus and Electra complexes, greatly impact the development of the individual's personality. Freud's psychoanalytic theory suggests that early childhood experiences, including interactions with parents and caregivers, play a significant role in shaping an individual's personality traits and behaviors later in life.Rate this question:
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- 32.
What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
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Biology
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Environment and culture
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Genetics
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Sexual preference
Correct Answer
A. Environment and cultureExplanation
Nurture refers to the environmental and cultural factors that influence an individual's development and behavior. It encompasses the experiences, upbringing, education, and social interactions that shape a person's personality, beliefs, and values. The nature vs. nurture debate explores the relative contributions of genetics (nature) and environmental factors (nurture) in determining human traits and characteristics.Rate this question:
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- 33.
In which of the following stages of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development do children compare their abilities to those of their friends and classmates?
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Trust vs. Mistrust
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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
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Initiative vs. Guilt
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Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer
A. Industry vs. InferiorityExplanation
In the stage of Industry vs. Inferiority, children compare their abilities to those of their friends and classmates. This stage occurs during the elementary school years, when children start to develop a sense of competence and industry. They become interested in mastering new skills and tasks, and they often compare themselves to others to see how they measure up. This comparison can lead to feelings of either industry, where they feel competent and capable, or inferiority, where they feel inadequate and less skilled than their peers.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, cigarettes, and alcohol are all examples of _____.
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Experiments
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FASD
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Schemata
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Teratogens
Correct Answer
A. TeratogensExplanation
Teratogens are substances or agents that can cause birth defects or abnormalities in a developing fetus. Heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, cigarettes, and alcohol are all known teratogens, meaning that exposure to these substances during pregnancy can have harmful effects on the developing baby. These substances can cross the placenta and interfere with the normal development of the fetus, potentially leading to a range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral problems. Therefore, the given answer, teratogens, accurately describes these substances and their potential impact on fetal development.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills
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Fine
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Gross
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Hand
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Manipulative
Correct Answer
A. FineExplanation
Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon require precise and coordinated movements of the small muscles in our hands and fingers. These activities involve fine motor skills, which involve the dexterity and control of small muscle groups. Fine motor skills are necessary for tasks that require precision and accuracy, such as writing, drawing, and manipulating small objects.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development?
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Zygote, fetus, embryo
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Fetus, embryo, zygote
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Fetus, zygote, embryo
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Zygote, embryo, fetus
Correct Answer
A. Zygote, embryo, fetusExplanation
The correct order of prenatal development is zygote, embryo, fetus. During fertilization, the sperm and egg combine to form a zygote. The zygote then undergoes cell division and becomes an embryo. As the embryo continues to develop, it eventually becomes a fetus.Rate this question:
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- 37.
In psychology, the work "nature" refers to _____ and the word "nurture" refers to _____
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Genes; environment
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Environment; genes
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Continuous; discontinuous
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Discontinuous; continuous
Correct Answer
A. Genes; environmentExplanation
In psychology, the term "nature" refers to genes, while the term "nurture" refers to the environment. This means that "nature" represents the inherent genetic factors that influence an individual's traits and characteristics, while "nurture" represents the external factors such as upbringing, experiences, and social interactions that shape an individual's development and behavior.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant’s needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
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Autonomy vs. shame / doubt
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Identity vs. confusion
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Industry vs. inferiority
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Trust vs. mistrust
Correct Answer
A. Trust vs. mistrustExplanation
During the first year of life, infants are completely dependent on their caregivers for their basic needs. The primary developmental task of this stage is to develop a sense of trust in the world and in their caregivers. When caregivers are responsive and sensitive to the infant's needs, the baby learns to trust that their needs will be met and that the world is a safe and predictable place. This trust forms the foundation for healthy social and emotional development later in life.Rate this question:
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- 39.
One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, “Look mommy, truck!” This best exemplifies ________.
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Accommodation
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Acquisition
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Assimilation
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Attainment
Correct Answer
A. AssimilationExplanation
This scenario demonstrates assimilation, which is the process of incorporating new information or experiences into existing mental schemas. Ainsley has already learned the schema for trucks based on her family's truck, and she is now applying this schema to trucks she sees on television. This shows that she is assimilating new instances of the concept of a truck into her existing understanding of what a truck is.Rate this question:
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- 40.
After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
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Generativity vs. stagnation
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Identity vs. guilt
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Initiative vs. guilt
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Integrity vs. despair
Correct Answer
A. Integrity vs. despairExplanation
After age 65, individuals enter the stage of integrity vs. despair. During this stage, people reflect on their lives and evaluate whether they have lived a meaningful and fulfilling life. They may experience a sense of satisfaction and wisdom if they believe they have made positive contributions to society and have lived according to their values. On the other hand, if they feel a sense of regret and despair, they may struggle to find meaning and purpose in their lives. This stage is characterized by the need to achieve a sense of integrity and acceptance of one's life, rather than succumbing to feelings of despair and disappointment.Rate this question:
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- 41.
18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, “Look mommy, apples!” His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This best exemplifies ________.
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Accommodation
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Assimilation
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Exclusion
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Inclusion
Correct Answer
A. AccommodationExplanation
This scenario demonstrates accommodation, which is the process of adjusting existing schemas or creating new ones to incorporate new information or experiences. In this case, Gordon initially assimilated tomatoes into his existing schema for apples, but after his mother corrected him, he created a separate schema for tomatoes. This shows that he has accommodated the new information about tomatoes and adjusted his understanding accordingly.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of _____ motor skills
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Fine
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Gross
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Moving
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Physical
Correct Answer
A. GrossExplanation
Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of gross motor skills. Gross motor skills involve the movement and coordination of large muscle groups, such as those in the arms, legs, and core. These skills require the use of multiple body parts and the ability to control and coordinate movements. Balancing, running, and jumping all require the use of large muscle groups and coordination of movements, making them examples of gross motor skills. Fine motor skills, on the other hand, involve the coordination and control of smaller muscle groups, such as those in the hands and fingers.Rate this question:
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- 43.
As toddlers (ages 1–3 years) begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on the environment to get results. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
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Autonomy vs. shame / doubt
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Industry vs. inferiority
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Initiative vs. guilt
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Trust vs. mistrust
Correct Answer
A. Autonomy vs. shame / doubtExplanation
The primary developmental task of the toddler stage (ages 1-3 years) is autonomy vs. shame/doubt. During this stage, toddlers start to assert their independence and develop a sense of self-control. They want to do things on their own and explore their environment. However, they may also experience shame or doubt if they are not allowed to make choices or if their attempts at independence are met with criticism or failure. This stage is crucial for the development of self-confidence and a sense of personal autonomy.Rate this question:
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- 44.
During Jean Piaget's _____ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions
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Concrete operational
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Formal operational
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Preoperational
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Sensorimotor
Correct Answer
A. SensorimotorExplanation
In the sensorimotor stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, infants and young children experience the world through their senses and actions. This stage is characterized by the development of object permanence, the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not directly perceived. During this stage, children also learn to coordinate their sensory experiences with their motor actions, leading to the development of basic problem-solving skills and the ability to imitate actions. Overall, the sensorimotor stage is a crucial period for the development of physical and cognitive abilities in infants and young children.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which of the following cognitive skills is least likely to show a substantial decline as people age?
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Slower reaction time
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Muscle strength diminishes
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Skin changes
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Ability to apply acquired information
Correct Answer
A. Ability to apply acquired informationExplanation
As people age, they may experience a decline in various cognitive skills. However, the ability to apply acquired information is least likely to show a substantial decline. This is because the brain has the capacity to retain and utilize knowledge and skills gained over time. While other cognitive skills such as reaction time may slow down, muscle strength may diminish, and skin may undergo changes, the ability to apply acquired information can remain relatively stable or even improve with age, as individuals accumulate more life experiences and knowledge.Rate this question:
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- 46.
When people reach their 40s, they enter the time known as middle adulthood, which extends to the mid-60s. This involves finding their life’s work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
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Generativity vs. stagnation
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Integrity vs. despair
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Intimacy vs. isolation
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Trust vs. mistrust
Correct Answer
A. Generativity vs. stagnationExplanation
The primary developmental task of middle adulthood is generativity vs. stagnation. This stage involves individuals finding their life's work and making meaningful contributions to society. Generativity refers to the desire to leave a lasting impact on future generations, such as through mentoring, volunteering, and raising children. Stagnation, on the other hand, refers to a lack of personal growth and feeling unproductive. In middle adulthood, individuals often reflect on their accomplishments and assess whether they have made a positive difference in the world, which is the central conflict of generativity vs. stagnation.Rate this question:
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- 47.
In the ________ stage, children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning.
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Concrete operational
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Formal operational
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Preoperational
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Sensorimotor
Correct Answer
A. PreoperationalExplanation
In the preoperational stage, children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 2 and 7. During this stage, children develop language skills and begin to use symbols to represent objects and events. However, they are still unable to think logically or understand abstract concepts. They often engage in egocentric thinking, where they struggle to see things from another person's perspective. Overall, the preoperational stage is characterized by symbolic thinking and the inability to reason logically.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Which of the following is the correct order of stages in Kübler-Ross’s five-stage model of grief?
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Denial, bargaining, anger, depression, acceptance
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Anger, depression, bargaining, acceptance, denial
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Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
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Anger, acceptance, denial, depression, bargaining
Correct Answer
A. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptanceExplanation
Kübler-Ross's five-stage model of grief suggests that individuals go through a series of emotional stages when faced with grief or loss. The correct order of these stages is denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. In the denial stage, individuals may refuse to believe or accept the reality of the loss. This is followed by anger, where individuals may express frustration and resentment. Bargaining involves attempting to negotiate or make deals to change the outcome. Depression is characterized by feelings of sadness and hopelessness. Finally, acceptance involves coming to terms with the loss and finding a way to move forward.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Once children reach the preschool stage (ages 3–6 years), they are capable of originating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
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Autonomy vs. shame / doubt
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Generativity vs. stagnation
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Initiative vs. guilt
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Intimacy vs. isolation
Correct Answer
A. Initiative vs. guiltExplanation
During the preschool stage, children develop a sense of initiative, where they take the initiative to plan and carry out activities. This stage is characterized by children's curiosity, imagination, and desire to explore their environment. However, they may also experience guilt if they believe their actions have caused harm or gone against societal rules. The primary developmental task of this stage is to balance their initiative with a sense of responsibility and avoid excessive guilt.Rate this question:
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Feb 03, 2025Quiz Edited by
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Oct 30, 2019Quiz Created by
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