Final Chapters 25, 26 And Others

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  • 1/119 Questions

    The scrotum

    • Makes sperm
    • Is a sac located between the thighs and holds the testicles
    • Secretes androgens
    • Contains the prostate gland and urethra
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About This Quiz

Explore key concepts about body fluids in 'Final chapters 25, 26 and others'. This quiz assesses understanding of extracellular fluids, their compartments, and related physiological phenomena, crucial for students in advanced biology courses.

Final Chapters 25, 26 And Others - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Identify the following: 7.35 to 7.45

    • The normal hemacrit

    • A shift to left

    • The normal blood pH

    • Evidence of myelosuppression

    Correct Answer
    A. The normal blood pH
    Explanation
    The given correct answer for this question is "the normal blood pH". This suggests that the range of 7.35 to 7.45 represents the normal pH level of blood. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, and a blood pH within this range indicates a healthy and balanced state.

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  • 3. 

    Poor skin turgor is most indicative of

    • Cystitis

    • Acidosis

    • Edema

    • Dehydration

    Correct Answer
    A. Dehydration
    Explanation
    poor skin turgor is due to a deficiency of water in the interstitial compartment and is indicative of dehydration

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  • 4. 

    More than 99% of this cation is stored in the bones and teeth

    • Potassium

    • Hydrogen

    • Chloride

    • Calcium

    Correct Answer
    A. Calcium
    Explanation
    more than 99% of the calcium is stored within the bones and teeth

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  • 5. 

    The esophagus

    • Secrets potent proteolytic enzymes

    • Secretes intrinsic factor that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12

    • Is a hollow tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach

    • Has a sphincter at each end; the LES and the pyloric sphincter

    Correct Answer
    A. Is a hollow tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "is a hollow tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach." This is because the esophagus is indeed a muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach. It serves as a pathway for food to travel from the mouth to the stomach through a series of muscular contractions called peristalsis. The esophagus does not secrete potent proteolytic enzymes or intrinsic factor, nor does it have sphincters at each end.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following consists of a midpiece, head, and flagellum?

    • Zygote

    • Ovum

    • Corpus luteum

    • Sperm

    Correct Answer
    A. Sperm
    Explanation
    the head, midpiece, and tail(flagellum) are parts of a sperm

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  • 7. 

    If implantation occurs within the fallopian tube, the pregnancy is described as 

    • Normal

    • Ectopic

    • Embryonic

    • Menstrual

    Correct Answer
    A. Ectopic
    Explanation
    implantation of the embryo within the fallopian tubes is called an ectopic pregnancy. the pregnancy must be terminated to avoid rupture of the fallopian tube and death of the mother

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  • 8. 

    Which structure contains 23 chromosomes?

    • A fertilized ovum

    • The corpus luteum

    • A sperm

    • The corpus albicans

    Correct Answer
    A. A sperm
    Explanation
    the human chromosome number is 46. thus, the fertilized ovum has 46 chromosomes, 23 donated by the ovum and 23 donated by a sperm

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  • 9. 

    Which of the following is true about interstitial fluid, plasma, lymph and transcellular fluid?

    • Contain no electrolytes

    • Protein-free fluids

    • Classified as extracellular

    • PH less than 6 (highly acidic)

    Correct Answer
    A. Classified as extracellular
    Explanation
    these are all classified as extracellular fluid compartments. the fluid in these compartments is alkaline (not acidic) and contains electrolytes and protein.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following is most likely to occur when output exceeds intake?

    • Diuresis

    • Polyuria

    • Hematuria

    • Dehydration

    Correct Answer
    A. Dehydration
    Explanation
    when water output exceeds water intake, the person is most apt to become dehydrated

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  • 11. 

    Which of the following is not a function of the lungs?

    • Oxygenation of blood

    • Excretion of carbon dioxide

    • Secretion of aldosterone and the regulation of Na+

    • Regulation of blood pH

    Correct Answer
    A. Secretion of aldosterone and the regulation of Na+
    Explanation
    the lungs oxygenate blood, excrete CO2, and help regulate blood pH. they do not secrete aldosterone and control Na+

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following can be detected by a rectal exam?

    • An enlarged prostate gland

    • Cystitis

    • Sterility

    • Gonorrhea

    Correct Answer
    A. An enlarged prostate gland
    Explanation
    a digital rectal exam is used to palpate the prostate gland. the examiner can feel enlargements and masses of the prostate gland

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  • 13. 

    Which of the following is descriptive of normal saline?

    • Distailed water

    • 0.9% sodium chloride

    • Highly acidic

    • Contains albumin

    Correct Answer
    A. 0.9% sodium chloride
    Explanation
    normal saline is 0.9% NaC1 (it resembles the concentration of plasma)

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  • 14. 

    Water and chloride usually follow the movement of this cation

    • Bicarbonate

    • Sodium

    • Potassium

    • Albumin

    Correct Answer
    A. Sodium
    Explanation
    water and the anion (C1-) follow the movement of sodium (Na+)

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following forms the greatest extracellular fluid compartment?

    • Lymph

    • Interstitial

    • Plasma

    • Transcelular

    Correct Answer
    A. Interstitial
    Explanation
    most extracellular fluid is located within the interstitial space

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  • 16. 

    Retention of the ion causes water retention and edema formation

    • Potassium

    • Hydrogen

    • Sodium

    • Bicarbonate

    Correct Answer
    A. Sodium
    Explanation
    retention of sodium (Na+) causes water retention and edema. Na+ "holds" water

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  • 17. 

    What is the target of FSH and LH?

    • Uterus

    • Vagina

    • Ovaries

    • Cervix

    Correct Answer
    A. Ovaries
    Explanation
    FSH and LH are the gonadotropins secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; they are aimed at the gonads (ovaries and testes) and stimulate the development of the egg and sperm

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  • 18. 

    During ventricular contraction, the AV valves close in order to 

    • Speed up the action potential as it moves through the conduction system

    • Prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria

    • Enhance drainage of the coronary veins

    • Push blood into the venae cavae

    Correct Answer
    A. Prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria
    Explanation
    During ventricular contraction, the AV valves close to prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria. This is important because the ventricles pump blood out to the rest of the body, and if the AV valves were not closed, blood would flow back into the atria, reducing the efficiency of the pumping action. Closing the AV valves ensures that blood flows in one direction, from the atria to the ventricles and then out to the rest of the body.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following is a "guy thing"?

    • Ovulation

    • Emission

    • Implantation

    • Midcycle surge of LH

    Correct Answer
    A. Emission
    Explanation
    emission (moving semen through the genital ducts) is a "guy thing". ovulation, midcycle LH surge, and implantation are "girl things"

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  • 20. 

    The cervix, fundus, and body

    • Are contents of the scrotum

    • Are parts of the ovary

    • Secrete estrogen and progesterone

    • Are parts of the uterus

    Correct Answer
    A. Are parts of the uterus
    Explanation
    the cervix, fundus, and body are parts of the uterus. estrogen and progesterone are secreted by the ovaries.

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  • 21. 

    Metabolic acidosis such as diabetic ketoacidosis is most likely to cause

    • Hypoventilation

    • Kussmaul respirations

    • The renal excretion of bicarbonate

    • The renal retention of H+

    Correct Answer
    A. Kussmaul respirations
    Explanation
    metabolic acidosis stimulates Kussmaul respirations in an attempt to increase pH toward normal

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  • 22. 

    Hypoventilation is most likely to cause

    • Acidosis

    • Edema

    • Renal excretion of bicarbonate

    • Hypokalemia

    Correct Answer
    A. Acidosis
    Explanation
    hypoventilation causes CO2 retention and the formation of H+ , thereby causing respiratory acidosis

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  • 23. 

    Which term refers to the penis and scrotum?

    • External genitals

    • Gonads

    • Gametes

    • Zygotes

    Correct Answer
    A. External genitals
    Explanation
    the penis and the scrotum are called the external genitals

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  • 24. 

    Kaliuresis refers to the urinary loss of 

    • Water

    • Albumin

    • Potassium

    • Sodium

    Correct Answer
    A. Potassium
    Explanation
    kaliuresis refers to the urinary excretion of potassium K+

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  • 25. 

    Which of the following anions buffers H+?

    • Ca2+

    • HCO-3

    • Na+

    • K+

    Correct Answer
    A. HCO-3
    Explanation
    bicarbonate, an anion, buffers H+, calcium, Na+ and K+ are cations (positively charged ions)

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  • 26. 

    This piece of skin, also called the foreskin, is removed during circumcision

    • Scrotum

    • Penis

    • Epididymis

    • Prepuce

    Correct Answer
    A. Prepuce
    Explanation
    the foreskin is called the prepuce; it is removed during the surgical procedure, circumcision

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  • 27. 

    This is a skin-covered muscular region located between the vaginal orifice and the anus

    • Hymen

    • Perineum

    • Fallopian tubes

    • Fimbriae

    Correct Answer
    A. Perineum
    Explanation
    the perineum is the skin-covered muscular region located between the vaginal orifice and the anus

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  • 28. 

    The placenta forms in this organ

    • Uterus

    • Fallopian tube

    • Vagina

    • Perineum

    Correct Answer
    A. Uterus
    Explanation
    the placenta forms within the uterus; it is the site where the baby eats, breathes and excretes

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  • 29. 

    Which of the following is true of the ova and sperm?

    • Called gonads

    • Incapable of meiosis

    • Called gametes

    • Require androgens for maturation

    Correct Answer
    A. Called gametes
    Explanation
    the ova and sperm are called gametes. they are produced by the gonads (ovary and testes) they split or divide by meiosis

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  • 30. 

    Which fluid compartment is located between the cells and is also called tissue fluid?

    • Lymph

    • Plasma

    • Interstitial

    • Transcellular

    Correct Answer
    A. Interstitial
    Explanation
    fluid located between the cells is called interstitial fluid or tissue fluid

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  • 31. 

    This state is caused by the filling of erectile tissue with blood

    • Impotence

    • Orgasm

    • Erection

    • Emission

    Correct Answer
    A. Erection
    Explanation
    the filling of erectile tissue with blood causes erection (necessary for penetration)

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  • 32. 

    The epiglottis

    • Covers the glottis, thereby preventing the entrance of food and water into the respiratory structures

    • Is the sphincter that prevents gastric reflux

    • Is a structure within the mouth

    • Is a valve that prevents the reflux of bile into the main pancreatic duct

    Correct Answer
    A. Covers the glottis, thereby preventing the entrance of food and water into the respiratory structures
    Explanation
    The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage located at the base of the tongue. Its main function is to cover the glottis, which is the opening to the larynx, during swallowing. By covering the glottis, the epiglottis prevents food and water from entering the respiratory structures such as the trachea and lungs. This helps to ensure that these structures remain clear and unobstructed, allowing for proper breathing and preventing choking.

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  • 33. 

    Hyperkalemia refers to an increase in the blood levels of which ion?

    • Hydrogen

    • Bicarbonate

    • Calcium

    • Potassium

    Correct Answer
    A. Potassium
    Explanation
    hyperkalemia refers to an increase in potassium (K+) in the blood

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  • 34. 

    Most diuretics increase urine production by blocking the effects of this cation

    • Calcium

    • Bicarbonate

    • Chloride

    • Sodium

    Correct Answer
    A. Sodium
    Explanation
    Most diuretics increase urine production by blocking the tubular reabsorption of Na+. the excretion of Na+ is accompanied by the excretion of water as urine (diuresis)

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  • 35. 

    Which of the following is a buffer pair?

    • PTH, aldosterone

    • ADH, ANF

    • HCO-3, H2CO3

    • Sodium, potassium

    Correct Answer
    A. HCO-3, H2CO3
    Explanation
    bicarbonate and carbonic acid are an important buffer pair. the bicarbonate can remove H+ while the carbonic acid can donate H+

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  • 36. 

    K+

    • Is a cation

    • Is an acid

    • Neutralizes H+

    • Is the chief extracellular cation

    Correct Answer
    A. Is a cation
    Explanation
    Potassium (K+) is a cation, a positively charged ion; it is the cheif intracellular cation

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  • 37. 

    Which of the following is most likely to occur when output is less than intake?

    • Dehydration

    • Edema

    • Hypovolemia

    • Polyuria

    Correct Answer
    A. Edema
    Explanation
    when water output is less than water intake, the person is likely to develop edema (fluid retention)

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  • 38. 

    Most body water is located within which space?

    • Interstitial

    • Intravascular

    • Intracellular

    • Transcellular

    Correct Answer
    A. Intracellular
    Explanation
    Most body water is located within the intracellular compartment. Transcellular, intravascular, and interstitial fluids are extracellular compartments.

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  • 39. 

    Which group is incorrect?

    • Anions: bicarbonate, chloride, phosphate

    • Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers, lungs, kidneys

    • Transcellular fluids: aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid

    • Hormones: aldosterone, ADH, ANP, urea

    Correct Answer
    A. Hormones: aldosterone, ADH, ANP, urea
    Explanation
    Urea is not a hormone; it is a waste product that is eliminated in the urine

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  • 40. 

    This coilled structure sits on top of the testes; it is a place where sperm mature

    • Scrotum

    • Epididymis

    • Prostate gland

    • Prepuce

    Correct Answer
    A. Epididymis
    Explanation
    the epididymis, located within the scrotum, is a coiled tubular structure that sits on top of the testes; sperm mature here

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  • 41. 

    Which structure is the major producer of testosterone?

    • Corpus luteum

    • Testes

    • Anterior pituitary gland

    • Adrenal medulla

    Correct Answer
    A. Testes
    Explanation
    the testes are the major producers of testosterone in the male. (the adrenal cortex is the major producer of testosterone in the female.

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  • 42. 

    Micturition

    • Is another term for urinary retention

    • Occurs across the glomerular membrane

    • Refers to urination

    • Refers to the movement of urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

    Correct Answer
    A. Refers to urination
    Explanation
    Micturition refers to urination, which is the process of expelling urine from the body. It involves the contraction of the bladder muscles, relaxation of the urinary sphincter, and the coordinated action of various muscles and nerves. This process allows the urine stored in the bladder to be released through the urethra.

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  • 43. 

    Which of the following is most likely to develop in an anxious hyperventilation patient?

    • Respiratory acidosis

    • Alkalosis

    • A decrease in plasma pH

    • Ketoacidosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Alkalosis
    Explanation
    Hyperventilation decreases H+ concentration and causes alkalosis

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  • 44. 

    The myometrium and endometrium are layers of this structure

    • Ovaries

    • Uterus

    • Fallopian tubes

    • Vagina

    Correct Answer
    A. Uterus
    Explanation
    the myometrium (muscle layer) and the endometrium (inner layer) are layers of the uterus

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  • 45. 

    This hormone promotes the maturation of the egg and helps develop the female characteristics

    • Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

    • Androgen

    • Estrogen

    • Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

    Correct Answer
    A. Estrogen
    Explanation
    estrogen, secreted by the follicular cells in the ovary, promotes the maturation of the egg and helps develop the female characteristics

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  • 46. 

    Which of the following acts as a base?

    • H+

    • OH-

    • Calcium ion

    • Gastric juice

    Correct Answer
    A. OH-
    Explanation
    a base removes H+ from solution, as in OH- combining with H+ (acid) to form water (H20)

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  • 47. 

    Which ion determines pH?

    • Sodium

    • Hydrogen

    • Bicarbonate

    • Potassium

    Correct Answer
    A. Hydrogen
    Explanation
    the hydrogen ion (h+) determines pH. pH is defined as -log [H+]

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  • 48. 

    This is the male copulatory organ

    • Penis

    • Vas deferens

    • Prostate glands

    • Testes

    Correct Answer
    A. Penis
    Explanation
    copulation refers to intercourse; the organ that participates in copulation is the penis

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  • 49. 

    What is the androgen that is necessary for sperm formation and for the development of the male secondary sex characteristics

    • ACTH

    • Progesterone

    • Chorionic gonadotropin

    • Testosterone

    Correct Answer
    A. Testosterone
    Explanation
    testosterone is the androgen that nourishes sperm and "makes a male look male"

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  • Mar 14, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Oct 26, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    Miche77er
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