Developmental Psychology (Psyc110) Exam #3 Ch 9-12
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Preoperational intelligence differs from sensorimortor intelligence in that preoperational intelligence:
- A.
Goes beyond senses and motor skills
- B.
Includes logical reasoning
- C.
Is characterized by reversibility of thought
- D.
Is comprised of simple abstractions
Correct Answer
A. Goes beyond senses and motor skillsExplanation
Preoperational intelligence refers to the stage of cognitive development in children between the ages of 2 and 7, where they are able to use symbols and language to represent objects and events. This stage goes beyond sensorimotor intelligence, which is focused on the development of sensory and motor skills. Preoperational intelligence includes logical reasoning, allowing children to think and solve problems using basic logical principles. It also involves the ability to think about objects and events that are not physically present, which demonstrates that it goes beyond senses and motor skills.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A magician's stock and trade is getting the audience to focus on one aspect of his demo whole he is manipulating another. This is the most easy with preoperational children, as they are easily fooled with their tendency to:
- A.
Be static thinkers
- B.
Reverse things in their perception
- C.
Demonstrate centration
- D.
Equilibrate
Correct Answer
C. Demonstrate centrationExplanation
Preoperational children tend to demonstrate centration, which means they focus on only one aspect of a situation and ignore other relevant factors. This makes it easier for a magician to manipulate their perception by diverting their attention to one thing while performing tricks or illusions with another. By exploiting their tendency to focus on one aspect, the magician can deceive and fool the preoperational children more easily.Rate this question:
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- 3.
To assume that the world is unchanging is to engage in
- A.
Magical thinking
- B.
Static reasoning
- C.
Centration
- D.
A focus on appearences only
Correct Answer
B. Static reasoningExplanation
Static reasoning refers to the cognitive process of assuming that the world is unchanging or static. This type of thinking disregards the dynamic nature of the world and fails to consider the possibility of change or evolution. It can lead to a rigid mindset and hinder adaptability and problem-solving abilities. This is why static reasoning is seen as a form of magical thinking, as it relies on an unrealistic belief in the permanence of things. Concentration and a focus on appearances only may be related concepts, but they do not directly capture the essence of static reasoning.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Jakes father is taking him to the barber for his first real haircut. At first, jake is excited about his trip, but as soon as the barber makes the first cut in his hair, he becomes very upset and tells his father to make the barber stop. In spite of his fathers efforts to assure jake his hair will grow back, Jake is exhibiting the concept of:
- A.
Illoogic
- B.
Centration
- C.
Egocentrism
- D.
Irreversibility
Correct Answer
D. IrreversibilityExplanation
Jake's reaction to his first haircut, where he becomes upset and asks his father to make the barber stop, demonstrates the concept of irreversibility. Irreversibility is a cognitive limitation in which a child is unable to understand that certain actions can be undone or reversed. In this case, Jake does not comprehend that his hair will grow back after being cut, leading to his distress.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Vygotsky's term for a person wh9ose cognition is stimulated and direcdted by older ande more skilled members of soceity is:
- A.
An apprenticeship in thinkng
- B.
Guided participation
- C.
Magical thinking
- D.
Scaffolding
Correct Answer
A. An apprenticeship in thinkngExplanation
Vygotsky's term for a person whose cognition is stimulated and directed by older and more skilled members of society is "an apprenticeship in thinking". This term refers to the process of learning and development where individuals acquire knowledge and skills through guidance and support from more experienced individuals. It emphasizes the importance of social interaction and collaboration in cognitive growth, highlighting the role of mentors or experts in scaffolding the learning process for the learner.Rate this question:
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- 6.
According to Vygotsky, guided participation requires that a child:
- A.
Interact with a mentor to accomplish a task
- B.
Is told instructions for a task only once
- C.
Is allowed to discover the solution to a task on his or her own
- D.
Be assisted by an adult until the child can perform the task well on his own.
Correct Answer
A. Interact with a mentor to accomplish a taskExplanation
According to Vygotsky, guided participation involves the child interacting with a mentor to accomplish a task. This means that the child is not left to discover the solution on their own or given instructions only once. Instead, they receive assistance and support from an adult until they can perform the task independently. This interaction with a mentor helps the child to learn and develop new skills through scaffolding and guidance.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The youngest children to demonstrate theory of mind in experiments are age
- A.
4
- B.
5
- C.
7
- D.
9
Correct Answer
A. 4Explanation
The youngest children to demonstrate theory of mind in experiments are typically around the age of 4. This is because at this age, children start to develop the ability to understand that other people have different thoughts, beliefs, and perspectives than their own. They begin to understand that others can have false beliefs and can be deceived. This milestone in cognitive development is an important step towards understanding and predicting other people's behavior, and it usually occurs around the age of 4.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Because of fast mapping, a preschooler:
- A.
Needs several experiences with a word to learn it.
- B.
Grasps the meaning of words describing emotions
- C.
Has a clear understanding of all words he uses
- D.
Learns some words after a single exposure to them.
Correct Answer
A. Needs several experiences with a word to learn it.Explanation
Preschoolers rely on fast mapping, which allows them to learn new words after just a single exposure to them. This means that they can grasp the meaning of words after just one encounter. Therefore, the correct answer is that a preschooler learns some words after a single exposure to them.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Programs are called child-centered because they stress children's:
- A.
Gross motor skills
- B.
Fine motor skills
- C.
Development and growth
- D.
Language development
Correct Answer
C. Development and growthExplanation
Child-centered programs are called so because they prioritize the overall development and growth of children. These programs focus on providing opportunities for children to explore, learn, and develop their physical, cognitive, social, and emotional skills. By emphasizing development and growth, these programs aim to support children in reaching their full potential and becoming well-rounded individuals.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Krista understand that 4+6=10 but does not understand that 10-6=4. She is displaying
- A.
Irreversibility
- B.
Centration
- C.
Egocentrism
- D.
Animsim
Correct Answer
A. IrreversibilityExplanation
Krista's inability to understand that 10-6 equals 4 demonstrates irreversibility. This cognitive limitation refers to the difficulty in mentally reversing an action or operation. In this case, Krista can comprehend that adding 4 and 6 equals 10, but she struggles to reverse the process and understand that subtracting 6 from 10 results in 4. This inability to mentally undo or reverse an operation is characteristic of irreversibility.Rate this question:
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- 11.
An experiment lines up pairs of checkers into two identical rows. Then the experimenter elongates one of the rows by spacing the checkers farther apart. This is a classic test of:
- A.
Conservation of volume
- B.
Conservation of area
- C.
Conservation of number
- D.
Conservation of matter
Correct Answer
C. Conservation of numberExplanation
The experiment described in the question tests the concept of conservation of number. By elongating one of the rows of checkers and spacing them farther apart, the experimenter is changing the arrangement of the checkers without changing the total number of checkers. This experiment helps to determine if individuals understand that the quantity of objects remains the same even if their arrangement changes.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following is the best example of scaffolding?
- A.
David helps his son build a model airplane by assembling it while his son watches.
- B.
Howard and priscilla buy a Wii for their 5 year old daughter Rebecca. They set it up for her and then allow her to figure out hyow to turn it on and use the remote.
- C.
Richard buys a do it yourself kite kit for his 6 year old daughter Angela. He lays al;l of the pieces out for her and then allows her to read the instructions for herself.
- D.
Miriam helps her son Benm make cookies. She measures all of the ingredients out and placfes them on the counter in small bowls. She reads the recipe aloud while simplifying it as ben places the ingredients in the bowl and mixes them together with a spoon.
Correct Answer
D. Miriam helps her son Benm make cookies. She measures all of the ingredients out and placfes them on the counter in small bowls. She reads the recipe aloud while simplifying it as ben places the ingredients in the bowl and mixes them together with a spoon.Explanation
This example is the best example of scaffolding because Miriam provides support and guidance to her son Ben while he is learning to make cookies. She breaks down the task into smaller, manageable steps by measuring out the ingredients and placing them in bowls, and she reads the recipe aloud to help Ben understand and follow along. Miriam's support allows Ben to actively participate in the process and gradually develop his skills and independence.Rate this question:
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- 13.
An angry 5 year old might stop herself from hitting another child because she has developed:
- A.
Social referencing
- B.
Self esteem
- C.
Identification
- D.
Emotional regulation
Correct Answer
D. Emotional regulationExplanation
Emotional regulation refers to the ability to manage and control one's emotions. In this scenario, the 5-year-old might stop herself from hitting another child because she has learned to regulate her anger and control her impulsive behavior. This indicates that she has developed emotional regulation skills, allowing her to handle her emotions appropriately and avoid aggressive actions.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Erikson's stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age is called:
- A.
Initiative vs guilt
- B.
Phallic pride vs penis envy
- C.
The preoperational stage
- D.
Autonomy vs inferiority
Correct Answer
A. Initiative vs guiltExplanation
Erikson's stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age is called "initiative vs guilt." During this stage, children begin to assert their independence and take initiative in their activities. They develop a sense of purpose and explore their surroundings. However, if they are overly criticized or made to feel guilty for their actions, they may develop a sense of guilt and become hesitant to take initiative in the future. This stage is crucial for the development of a healthy sense of self and confidence.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Girls usually develop emotional reg8ulation ___________ boys, which is especially evident when comparing girls' and boys' externalizing emotions.
- A.
Behind
- B.
At the same time as
- C.
Ahead of
- D.
Instead of
Correct Answer
C. Ahead ofExplanation
Girls usually develop emotional regulation ahead of boys, which is especially evident when comparing girls' and boys' externalizing emotions. This means that girls tend to be more advanced in their ability to regulate and control their emotions compared to boys. They are able to manage their emotions more effectively, which can be seen in how they express their emotions outwardly. This suggests that girls may have a better understanding of their emotions and have developed strategies to cope with and regulate them earlier than boys.Rate this question:
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- 16.
An illness or disorder of the mind is referred to as:
- A.
Psychopathology
- B.
Craziness
- C.
Insanity
- D.
Mental disturbance.
Correct Answer
A. PsychopathologyExplanation
Psychopathology is the correct answer because it refers to the study and understanding of mental disorders or illnesses. It encompasses various psychological and behavioral abnormalities that affect a person's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. The term "craziness" is too vague and colloquial, while "insanity" is a legal term rather than a clinical one. "Mental disturbance" is a broad term that can encompass various mental health issues but does not specifically refer to the study or understanding of mental disorders.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Control of which of the following emotions is emphasized in the US?
- A.
Anger
- B.
Aggression
- C.
Fear
- D.
Pride
Correct Answer
C. FearExplanation
In the US, the control of fear is emphasized. This can be seen in various aspects of American society, such as the emphasis on personal safety and security, the prevalence of surveillance systems, and the focus on preparedness for emergencies. Fear is often used as a motivator in campaigns and messaging, with the aim of promoting caution and vigilance. Additionally, fear can also be observed in the media, where sensationalism and the coverage of crime and violence contribute to a culture of fear.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A drive or reason to pursue a goal that comes from inside a person is called:
- A.
Extensive motivation
- B.
Extrinsic motivation
- C.
Intrinsic motivation
- D.
Internal drive
Correct Answer
C. Intrinsic motivationExplanation
Intrinsic motivation refers to the drive or reason to pursue a goal that comes from within a person. It is the internal desire or enjoyment that motivates individuals to engage in certain activities or tasks. Unlike extrinsic motivation, which involves external rewards or incentives, intrinsic motivation is self-generated and stems from personal interests, values, or satisfaction derived from the activity itself. It is often associated with higher levels of engagement, persistence, and creativity, as individuals are driven by their own internal desires rather than external factors.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The four dimensions of parenting style are warmth, discipline communication and
- A.
Physical contact
- B.
Expectations for maturity
- C.
Trust
- D.
Supportiveness
Correct Answer
B. Expectations for maturityExplanation
Expectations for maturity is one of the dimensions of parenting style. This dimension refers to the level of responsibility and independence parents expect from their children. Parents with high expectations for maturity tend to set clear rules and guidelines for their children, encouraging them to take on more responsibilities and make independent decisions. They believe in their children's ability to handle tasks and challenges, fostering their growth and development. This dimension plays a crucial role in shaping children's self-confidence, self-esteem, and overall development.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Janelle's usual bedtime is 830pm and her parents strictly enforce this rule. One evening, Janelle is watching an educational program which ends at 9pm. She asks her parents if she can stay up this one night to watch the end f the program. Her parents agree to let her stay up as long as she gets up in time for school in the morning. Which type of parents style are Janelle's parents demonstrating?
- A.
Authoritarian
- B.
Authoritative
- C.
Permissive
- D.
Preventive
Correct Answer
B. AuthoritativeExplanation
Janelle's parents are demonstrating an authoritative parenting style. This is evident as they have set a strict bedtime rule and enforce it, but they are also willing to make an exception for one night based on Janelle's request. They trust her to be responsible and get up in time for school, showing a balance between setting boundaries and allowing independence.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Children who lack self control are most likely to have parents who are
- A.
Abusive
- B.
Over-controlling
- C.
Authoritarian
- D.
Permissive
Correct Answer
D. PermissiveExplanation
Children who lack self-control are most likely to have parents who are permissive. Permissive parents tend to have a lax approach to discipline and set few rules or boundaries for their children. They are often lenient and allow their children to do as they please without consequences or guidance. This lack of structure and discipline can result in children not developing self-control as they grow up, as they have not been taught how to regulate their behavior effectively.Rate this question:
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- 22.
An example of antisocial behavior is:
- A.
Jamie tries to share his toys with Jill.
- B.
Mark intentionally knocks over simons blocks
- C.
Holly watches while other children are playing jump rope.
- D.
Courtney helps her mom rake the leaves.
Correct Answer
B. Mark intentionally knocks over simons blocksExplanation
Mark intentionally knocking over Simon's blocks is an example of antisocial behavior. Antisocial behavior refers to actions that disregard the rights and well-being of others. In this scenario, Mark's intentional act of knocking over someone else's blocks shows a lack of consideration for Simon's belongings and feelings. It demonstrates a disregard for the social norms and expectations of sharing and respecting others' property.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which type of aggression tends to be characteristic of 2 year olds?
- A.
Reactive
- B.
Instrumental
- C.
Bullying
- D.
Relational
Correct Answer
A. ReactiveExplanation
Reactive aggression is the type of aggression that tends to be characteristic of 2-year-olds. This form of aggression is typically impulsive and occurs in response to frustration or provocation. It is often a result of a lack of emotional regulation skills at this age. Reactive aggression is different from instrumental aggression, which is goal-oriented, bullying aggression, which involves intentional harm to exert power, and relational aggression, which involves damaging relationships or social status.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Aggression used to obtain or retain a toy or object is called:
- A.
Bullying
- B.
Instrumental aggression
- C.
Reactive aggression
- D.
Personal aggression
Correct Answer
B. Instrumental aggressionExplanation
Instrumental aggression refers to a type of aggression where the individual uses aggressive behavior as a means to achieve a specific goal or obtain a desired object. Unlike reactive aggression, which is a response to a perceived threat or provocation, instrumental aggression is premeditated and purposeful. In the context of the question, aggression used to obtain or retain a toy or object fits the definition of instrumental aggression, as it involves using aggression as a strategy to achieve a specific outcome.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Three girls start a rumor that 7 year old Heather is a bed wetter who still uses a pacifier. They are demonstrating:
- A.
Instrumental aggression
- B.
Reactive aggression
- C.
Bullying aggression
- D.
Relational aggression
Correct Answer
D. Relational aggressionExplanation
Relational aggression refers to a form of aggression that involves damaging someone's social relationships or reputation. In this scenario, the three girls are spreading a rumor about Heather, which can harm her social standing and relationships with others. This behavior is an example of relational aggression because it aims to harm Heather's social status rather than physically or directly hurting her.Rate this question:
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- 26.
When is time out an effective discipline strategy?
- A.
When the child is less than 2
- B.
Once the child can use words to express emotions
- C.
If the child prefers to be with other children
- D.
If the child is over 8 years old.
Correct Answer
C. If the child prefers to be with other childrenExplanation
Time out can be an effective discipline strategy when the child prefers to be with other children. This is because time out removes the child from the social environment they enjoy, which can serve as a deterrent for misbehavior. It creates a consequence that the child finds undesirable, motivating them to behave better in order to avoid being isolated from their peers.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which of the following health facts is seen in obese children?
- A.
High blood pressure
- B.
A lower incidence of asthma
- C.
lower levels of cholesterol
- D.
Better school achievement
Correct Answer
A. High blood pressureExplanation
Obese children are more likely to have high blood pressure. This is because excess weight puts strain on the heart and blood vessels, leading to increased blood pressure. High blood pressure in children can have serious health consequences, such as an increased risk of heart disease and stroke later in life. Therefore, it is important to address obesity in children to prevent these health complications.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which of the following is the biggest determinant of whether a child will develop healthy lifestyle habits?
- A.
Having a physician, nurse or dentist as a parent
- B.
Receiving all of the required immunications before starting school
- C.
Seing the doctor and dentist by age 3
- D.
Having parents teachers anjd peers who demonstrate healthy lifestyle habits.
Correct Answer
D. Having parents teachers anjd peers who demonstrate healthy lifestyle habits.Explanation
Children learn by observing and imitating their parents, teachers, and peers. If these individuals demonstrate healthy lifestyle habits, such as eating nutritious food, exercising regularly, and practicing good hygiene, the child is more likely to develop similar habits. Therefore, having parents, teachers, and peers who demonstrate healthy lifestyle habits is the biggest determinant of whether a child will develop healthy habits themselves.Rate this question:
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- 29.
In which of the following cultures are the rates of increasing obesity among children the highest?
- A.
Groups that experienced food deprvation a few generations ago but now have plenty of food.
- B.
Children in Eastern Europe
- C.
Groups that have experienced prosperity for several decades
- D.
Children in the US
Correct Answer
A. Groups that experienced food deprvation a few generations ago but now have plenty of food.Explanation
The correct answer is "groups that experienced food deprivation a few generations ago but now have plenty of food." This is because when a population experiences a period of food deprivation, their bodies adapt to store more fat in order to survive. However, when they have access to an abundance of food, their bodies continue to store excess fat, leading to higher rates of obesity. This phenomenon is commonly observed in cultures that have undergone significant changes in food availability and is known as the "thrifty gene hypothesis."Rate this question:
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- 30.
Asthma is a disorder caused by _________ of the airways.
- A.
Enlargement
- B.
Inflammation
- C.
Destruction
- D.
Missing portions
Correct Answer
B. InflammationExplanation
Asthma is a disorder caused by inflammation of the airways. Inflammation refers to the swelling and irritation of the airways, which can lead to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing. This inflammation can be triggered by various factors, such as allergies, respiratory infections, or exposure to irritants like smoke or pollution. The inflammation causes the airways to become narrow and constricted, making it harder for air to pass through, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of asthma.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Frequently, school age children on a baseball field will shout, think fast.. and immediately throw a baseball in the direction of a teammate. What is being tested is the teammates:
- A.
Forearm strength
- B.
Reaction time
- C.
Team spirit
- D.
Ability to field balls
Correct Answer
B. Reaction timeExplanation
The correct answer is reaction time. When children shout "think fast" and immediately throw a baseball, they are testing their teammate's ability to react quickly and catch the ball. Reaction time refers to the time it takes for someone to respond to a stimulus, in this case, the shout and the thrown ball. This skill is important in sports like baseball, where quick reflexes are necessary to field balls effectively.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The ability to concentrate on certain specific stimuli while ignoring others is called:
- A.
Habituation
- B.
Selective attention
- C.
Automatilization
- D.
Conscious attention
Correct Answer
B. Selective attentionExplanation
Selective attention refers to the ability to focus on specific stimuli while disregarding others. This cognitive process allows individuals to filter out irrelevant information and concentrate on what is important or relevant to them at a given moment. It enables us to direct our attention to specific tasks or stimuli while ignoring distractions, ultimately enhancing our ability to process information effectively and efficiently.Rate this question:
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- 33.
About 2/3 of all those who take the IQ tests score in the avg range, that is between 85 and:
- A.
100
- B.
115
- C.
125
- D.
135
Correct Answer
B. 115Explanation
Approximately two-thirds of individuals who take IQ tests score in the average range, which is generally considered to be between 85 and 115. This means that the majority of test-takers fall within this range, indicating an average level of intelligence. Therefore, the correct answer is 115, as it represents the upper limit of the average range.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Insights from normal development are applied to the study of childhood disorders in:
- A.
Abnormal psychool9ogy of childhood
- B.
Pediatric pathology
- C.
Developmental psychopathology
- D.
Special education
Correct Answer
C. Developmental psychopathologyExplanation
Developmental psychopathology is the correct answer because it involves the application of insights from normal development to the study of childhood disorders. This field focuses on understanding how disorders arise and progress in the context of typical development, taking into account biological, psychological, and social factors. It aims to identify risk and protective factors, as well as develop effective interventions and treatments for children with psychological disorders.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Seven year old Henry has been diagnosed as having ADHD and dyslexia. Which of the following terms applies to Henry having both conditions together?
- A.
Conflicting diagnosis
- B.
Complex diagnosis
- C.
Comorbidity
- D.
Coexistence
Correct Answer
C. ComorbidityExplanation
Comorbidity is the term that applies to Henry having both ADHD and dyslexia together. Comorbidity refers to the presence of two or more medical conditions or disorders in an individual at the same time. In this case, Henry has been diagnosed with both ADHD and dyslexia, making it a comorbid condition.Rate this question:
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- 36.
David is excitable, impulsive and very active in addition to having difficulty concentrating. He might have:
- A.
ADD
- B.
ADDA
- C.
ADHD
- D.
An anxiety disorder
Correct Answer
C. ADHDExplanation
The given description of David suggests that he exhibits traits such as excitability, impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and difficulty concentrating. These symptoms align with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can significantly impact daily functioning. Therefore, based on the provided information, ADHD is the most likely explanation for David's behavior.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Joshua and Tiffany have both been diagnosed with ADHD. Who is more likely to be prescribed medication for the condition.
- A.
Tiffany
- B.
Joshua
- C.
They are both equally likely to be prescribed medication
- D.
There is not enough research evidence to allow us to predict who would be prescribed medication
Correct Answer
D. There is not enough research evidence to allow us to predict who would be prescribed medicationExplanation
It is not mentioned in the question whether Joshua and Tiffany have different severity levels of ADHD or any other factors that could influence the likelihood of being prescribed medication. Therefore, without any additional information, it is not possible to predict who would be more likely to be prescribed medication.Rate this question:
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- 38.
According to the usual definition, a child with a learning disability often:
- A.
Has notable vision or hearing problems.
- B.
Is of low intelligence
- C.
Lives in stressful environments
- D.
Has no apparent handicap.
Correct Answer
D. Has no apparent handicap.Explanation
According to the usual definition, a child with a learning disability often has no apparent handicap. This means that despite not having any obvious physical or intellectual impairments, the child still struggles with learning and acquiring knowledge. Learning disabilities can manifest in various ways, such as difficulties in reading, writing, or understanding mathematical concepts. These challenges may not be immediately apparent, making it crucial to identify and provide appropriate support to children with learning disabilities.Rate this question:
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- 39.
In early childhood, autistic children have difficulty
- A.
With fine motor skills
- B.
With communication
- C.
Engaging in solitary play
- D.
Inhibiting social interaction
Correct Answer
B. With communicationExplanation
Autistic children often struggle with communication in early childhood. This can manifest in various ways, such as difficulty understanding and using language, limited vocabulary, or challenges with nonverbal communication like gestures or maintaining eye contact. These difficulties in communication can impact their ability to express their needs, understand others, and engage in social interactions effectively. Therefore, the answer "with communication" is the most appropriate explanation for the given statement.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Many chyildren with autism are unusually sensitive to:
- A.
Smiles
- B.
Laughter
- C.
Darkness
- D.
Noise and light
Correct Answer
D. Noise and lightExplanation
Children with autism often have sensory sensitivities, and this includes being unusually sensitive to noise and light. They may become overwhelmed or distressed by loud noises or bright lights, causing them to exhibit behaviors such as covering their ears or avoiding certain environments. This sensitivity can impact their ability to focus, communicate, and socialize effectively. It is important to create a supportive and accommodating environment for children with autism by minimizing excessive noise and providing appropriate lighting conditions.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Most likely, autism is caused by
- A.
Genetic factors alone
- B.
Parents early child-care methods
- C.
Genetic vulnerability coupled with other factors
- D.
Uncaring, cold parents, especially the mother.
Correct Answer
C. Genetic vulnerability coupled with other factorsExplanation
The correct answer is genetic vulnerability coupled with other factors. Autism is believed to have a complex etiology, with both genetic and environmental factors playing a role. While there is evidence of a strong genetic component, it is also recognized that other factors, such as prenatal and perinatal exposures, immune system dysregulation, and environmental influences, can contribute to the development of autism. Therefore, it is most likely that autism is caused by a combination of genetic vulnerability and other factors.Rate this question:
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- 42.
A document for children with special needs that specifics their educational goals and plans for acheiving the gials is known as a(an):
- A.
IEP
- B.
IFSP
- C.
LRE
- D.
RTI
Correct Answer
A. IEPExplanation
An IEP (Individualized Education Program) is a document that outlines the educational goals and plans for children with special needs. It is a personalized plan that is developed by a team of professionals, including parents, teachers, and specialists, to address the unique needs of the child. The IEP includes specific goals, accommodations, and services that are necessary for the child's academic success. It ensures that the child receives the appropriate support and resources to achieve their educational objectives.Rate this question:
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- 43.
With concrete operational thoughts, children can
- A.
Think logically about tangible things
- B.
Think logically about abstract things
- C.
Consistently make good decisions
- D.
Solve most problems on their own.
Correct Answer
A. Think logically about tangible thingsExplanation
With concrete operational thoughts, children are able to think logically about tangible things. This means that they can understand and reason about objects and events that they can directly observe and interact with in the physical world. They can use logical thinking to categorize objects, understand cause and effect relationships, and solve problems that involve concrete materials or situations. This stage of cognitive development is characterized by the ability to think in a more organized and systematic way, which allows children to make logical deductions and draw conclusions based on observable evidence.Rate this question:
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- 44.
According to Piaget, a child between the ages of 5 and 7 can apply logical principles to:
- A.
Abstractions such as truth and justive
- B.
Chemistry and physics
- C.
Concrete and visible examples
- D.
Questions and social justice
Correct Answer
C. Concrete and visible examplesExplanation
Piaget believed that children between the ages of 5 and 7 are in the concrete operational stage of cognitive development. During this stage, they are able to think logically about concrete and visible examples. They can understand and manipulate objects and events that they can see and touch, but they may struggle with abstract concepts such as truth and justice, chemistry and physics, and questions of social justice. Therefore, the child in this age range would be able to apply logical principles to concrete and visible examples.Rate this question:
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- 45.
The information-processing theory likens many aspects of human thinking to the functioning of:
- A.
Animals
- B.
High level business companies
- C.
Computers
- D.
Athletic teams
Correct Answer
C. ComputersExplanation
The information-processing theory suggests that human thinking operates similarly to the functioning of computers. Like computers, humans receive input from the environment, process and store information, and produce output in the form of thoughts and actions. This theory emphasizes the role of attention, memory, and problem-solving strategies in human cognition, which are also key components of computer processing. By comparing human thinking to computers, the theory highlights the systematic and sequential nature of cognitive processes, as well as the importance of information storage and retrieval.Rate this question:
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- 46.
You are a professor who believes that our brains work much like a computer in terms of learning, storing, and retrieving information. With which of the following theories would you most likely agree?
- A.
Piaget's
- B.
Vygotsky's
- C.
Information Processing
- D.
Biocognitive
Correct Answer
C. Information ProcessingExplanation
The professor's belief that our brains function similarly to computers in terms of learning, storing, and retrieving information aligns with the Information Processing theory. This theory suggests that the mind processes information through a series of stages, much like a computer processes data. It emphasizes the role of attention, memory, and problem-solving in cognitive development. Piaget's theory focuses on cognitive development through stages, Vygotsky's theory emphasizes social and cultural factors, and the biocognitive theory integrates biological and cognitive processes, but neither of them directly relates to the comparison between the brain and a computer.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Metacognition is:
- A.
Thinking about remembering
- B.
Remembering about remembering
- C.
Thinking about thinking
- D.
Remembering about thinking
Correct Answer
C. Thinking about thinkingExplanation
Metacognition refers to the ability to think about and reflect on one's own thinking processes. It involves being aware of one's thoughts, understanding how they are formed, and evaluating their effectiveness. This includes monitoring one's own thoughts, analyzing their content and quality, and being able to regulate and control them. Thinking about thinking allows individuals to become more self-aware and make informed decisions about their cognitive processes, leading to improved learning and problem-solving skills.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The memory system in which signals are held for less than a second, yet long enough for one to process them further, if so desired, is called the ______ memory.
- A.
Short-term
- B.
Working
- C.
Sensory
- D.
Holding
Correct Answer
C. SensoryExplanation
The memory system in which signals are held for less than a second, yet long enough for one to process them further, if so desired, is called sensory memory. Sensory memory is the initial stage of memory where information from the senses is briefly held before it is either transferred to short-term memory or forgotten. It allows us to retain a brief representation of sensory information, such as what we just saw or heard, before it fades away.Rate this question:
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- 49.
New concepts are best learned if they are connected to:
- A.
Personal and cultural experiences
- B.
Current events
- C.
A teacher-directed curriculum.
- D.
A child-centered curriculum
Correct Answer
A. Personal and cultural experiencesExplanation
New concepts are best learned if they are connected to personal and cultural experiences because these experiences provide a context and relevance for the new information. When learners can relate new concepts to their own lives and cultural backgrounds, they are more likely to understand and retain the information. This connection also helps to make learning meaningful and engaging, as learners can see the practical applications and real-world connections of the new concepts.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Evaluating a cignitive task to determine how best to accomplish and monitor one's performance is called
- A.
Automatization
- B.
Decentration
- C.
Metacognition
- D.
Social standards
Correct Answer
C. MetacognitionExplanation
Metacognition refers to the process of evaluating one's own cognitive tasks to determine the most effective way to accomplish and monitor performance. It involves being aware of one's own thinking processes, strategies, and abilities. This includes setting goals, planning, monitoring progress, and making adjustments as needed. Metacognition is an important skill that allows individuals to reflect on their own thinking and make informed decisions about how to approach and improve their performance.Rate this question:
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