Chapter 4 Adhering To Medical Advice
- 1.Which of these attitudes does NOT represent a health risk from failure to take prescription medicine according to directions?
- A.
"if my medication makes me feel bad, I take it anyway"
- B.
"when I feel ill, I frequently take medication left over from a previous illness"
- C.
"I usually stop taking my medicine whenever I begin to feel better"
- D.
"if I start to feel worse after taking my medicine, I quit taking it"
- 2.Negative reinforcement ___ behavior.
- A.
Strengthens
- B.
Blocks out
- C.
Weakens
- D.
Punishes behavior
- 3.Research conducted on the compliance of children with asthma revealed that
- A.
Behavioral techniques were largely effective
- B.
Beahvioral techniques were effective, but lack of an educational component was a drawback
- C.
The children named rewards as the most effective approach
- D.
Children responded to rewards but adolescents did not
- 4.Self-efficacy is an important element of the
- A.
Reciprocal determinism model
- B.
Transtheoretical model
- C.
Theory of planned behavior
- D.
Theory of reasoned action
- 5.Research on smoking relapse, adherence to an exercise regimen, and adherence to diabetic diet has shown that
- A.
Those with high self-efficacy quikcly relapsed
- B.
Those with high self-efficacy were more likely to be adherent
- C.
Self-efficacy has a negative correlation with adherence
- D.
Self-efficacy is an advantage for smoking relapse but is not important for exercise or diet.
- 6.The theory of reasoned action assumes that people's behavioral intentions are partially shaped by their subjective norms, that is, their
- A.
Belief that they can exercise some degree of control over their actions
- B.
View of the importance that other people place on their behavior
- C.
Motivation to engage in a given action
- D.
View of other people's willingness to perform a given action
- 7.Morton is 90 pounds overweight and has both high blood pressure and high serum cholesterol. However, it has never occurred to MOrton that he might be a candidate for cardiovascular disease if he does not change his lifestyle. According to Prochaska's transtheoretical theory, MOrton is in the ___ stage.
- A.
Precontemplation
- B.
Maintenance
- C.
Contemplation
- D.
Relapse
- 8.Central to the transtheoretical model is the assumption that both behavior change and relapse take the shape of a
- A.
Triangle
- B.
Rectangle
- C.
Spiral
- D.
Cone
- 9.Kayla is 30 pounds underweight, seldom eats more than two or three peas a day, but still believes she is too fat. According to Prochaska's transtheoretical model, the proper intervention in this case should be aimed towards
- A.
Placing Kayla into a hospital
- B.
Convincing Kayla that she has a problem behavior
- C.
Educating Kayla about proper nutrition
- D.
Helping Kayla maintain her current weight
- 10.According to the transtheoretical model, relapse
- A.
Is most likely from the maintenance stage
- B.
Is most likely from the action stage
- C.
Is possible from any stage
- D.
Is unlikely past the action stage but more likely in earlier stages
- 11.In recent years, many health psychologists have suggested alternative terms for compliance largely because the word suggests
- A.
A servile yielding to outside pressure
- B.
Conformity
- C.
Cooperation
- D.
A defiant yielding to outside pressure
- 12.The LEAST accurate method of assessing rate of compliance is to
- A.
Ask the clinican
- B.
Ask the patient
- C.
Ask the patient's family
- D.
Count pills
- 13.The pill cap microprocessor is an improved variation of which method of assessing adherence?
- A.
Physician judgment
- B.
Patient judgment
- C.
Examination of biochemical evidence
- D.
Pill count method
- 14.Older studies found a general rate of noncompliance around ___; more recent studies show a rate of ___.
- A.
25%...50%
- B.
50%...25%
- C.
75%...over 90%
- D.
Close to 0...50%
- 15.What sort of illness is MOST likely to elicit compliance with medical advice?
- A.
A life-threatening illness
- B.
A chronic illness
- C.
A hereditary disorder
- D.
An illness with painful symptoms
- 16.Noncompliance rises abruptly when the prescription requires the patient to take one pill
- A.
Once a day
- B.
Twice a day
- C.
Three times a day
- D.
Four times a day
- 17.The relationship between adherence and age is complex. For example, one study (Thomas et al., 1995) found that age had a(n) ___ relationahip with adherence to colorectal screening.
- A.
Inverse
- B.
Direct
- C.
Curvilinear
- D.
Dose response
- 18.The noncompliant personality
- A.
Has not been found to exist
- B.
Is more common amoung men than among women
- C.
Is less common among well-educated people
- D.
Is more common among the elderly
- 19.The effects of anxiety on failures to comply are ___, and the effects of depression are ___.
- A.
Small...also small
- B.
Small...large
- C.
Large...also large
- D.
Large...small
- 20.Which type of social support is beneficial for compliance?
- A.
Living with family
- B.
Belonging to a large family, even one that experiences a lot of conflict
- C.
Being married
- D.
Both a & c
- 21.Which of these patient-practitioner interaction variables is the best predictor of a patient's compliance?
- A.
A physician who explains in detail the procedures that should be undertaken by the patient
- B.
The patient's perception of the physicians as someone of equal status
- C.
A patient who has spent at least one hour waiting in the physician's waiting room
- D.
A patient who had to wait at least one month in order to see the physician
- 22.Compared with male physicians, female physicians
- A.
Spend less time with each patient
- B.
Ask more questions of patients
- C.
Make more negative statements to their patients
- D.
All of these
- 23.When defining adherence as maintaining a healthy lifestyle, making and keeping appointments with physicians and dentists, and obtaining all the recommended tests and screenings,
- A.
Almost no one is fully adherent
- B.
Adherence is about 25%
- C.
Adherence is about 50%
- D.
Adherence is low for younger adults but high for older adults
- 24.Which strategy is LEAST likely to improve rate of adherence?
- A.
Clearly written instructions
- B.
Verbal rewards
- C.
Verbal punishments
- D.
Prompts from the patient's spouse
- 25.Health psychologists have been LEAST involved in
- A.
Determining which medical advice is valid and which is not
- B.
Determining those factors that predict compliance to medical advice
- C.
Developing programs to improve compliance
- D.
Developing models to explain reasons for noncompliance
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