Chapter 4 Adhering To Medical Advice

25 Questions | By Clarkjm | Last updated: Mar 20, 2022 | Total Attempts: 706

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1.

Which of these attitudes does NOT represent a health risk from failure to take prescription medicine according to directions?
- A.
  
  "if my medication makes me feel bad, I take it anyway"
- B.
  
  "when I feel ill, I frequently take medication left over from a previous illness"
- C.
  
  "I usually stop taking my medicine whenever I begin to feel better"
- D.
  
  "if I start to feel worse after taking my medicine, I quit taking it"
2.

Negative reinforcement ___ behavior.
- A.
  
  Strengthens
- B.
  
  Blocks out
- C.
  
  Weakens
- D.
  
  Punishes behavior
3.

Research conducted on the compliance of children with asthma revealed that
- A.
  
  Behavioral techniques were largely effective
- B.
  
  Beahvioral techniques were effective, but lack of an educational component was a drawback
- C.
  
  The children named rewards as the most effective approach
- D.
  
  Children responded to rewards but adolescents did not
4.

Self-efficacy is an important element of the
- A.
  
  Reciprocal determinism model
- B.
  
  Transtheoretical model
- C.
  
  Theory of planned behavior
- D.
  
  Theory of reasoned action
5.

Research on smoking relapse, adherence to an exercise regimen, and adherence to diabetic diet has shown that
- A.
  
  Those with high self-efficacy quikcly relapsed
- B.
  
  Those with high self-efficacy were more likely to be adherent
- C.
  
  Self-efficacy has a negative correlation with adherence
- D.
  
  Self-efficacy is an advantage for smoking relapse but is not important for exercise or diet.
6.

The theory of reasoned action assumes that people's behavioral intentions are partially shaped by their subjective norms, that is, their
- A.
  
  Belief that they can exercise some degree of control over their actions
- B.
  
  View of the importance that other people place on their behavior
- C.
  
  Motivation to engage in a given action
- D.
  
  View of other people's willingness to perform a given action
7.

Morton is 90 pounds overweight and has both high blood pressure and high serum cholesterol. However, it has never occurred to MOrton that he might be a candidate for cardiovascular disease if he does not change his lifestyle. According to Prochaska's transtheoretical theory, MOrton is in the ___ stage.
- A.
  
  Precontemplation
- B.
  
  Maintenance
- C.
  
  Contemplation
- D.
  
  Relapse
8.

Central to the transtheoretical model is the assumption that both behavior change and relapse take the shape of a
- A.
  
  Triangle
- B.
  
  Rectangle
- C.
  
  Spiral
- D.
  
  Cone
9.

Kayla is 30 pounds underweight, seldom eats more than two or three peas a day, but still believes she is too fat. According to Prochaska's transtheoretical model, the proper intervention in this case should be aimed towards
- A.
  
  Placing Kayla into a hospital
- B.
  
  Convincing Kayla that she has a problem behavior
- C.
  
  Educating Kayla about proper nutrition
- D.
  
  Helping Kayla maintain her current weight
10.

According to the transtheoretical model, relapse
- A.
  
  Is most likely from the maintenance stage
- B.
  
  Is most likely from the action stage
- C.
  
  Is possible from any stage
- D.
  
  Is unlikely past the action stage but more likely in earlier stages
11.

In recent years, many health psychologists have suggested alternative terms for compliance largely because the word suggests
- A.
  
  A servile yielding to outside pressure
- B.
  
  Conformity
- C.
  
  Cooperation
- D.
  
  A defiant yielding to outside pressure
12.

The LEAST accurate method of assessing rate of compliance is to
- A.
  
  Ask the clinican
- B.
  
  Ask the patient
- C.
  
  Ask the patient's family
- D.
  
  Count pills
13.

The pill cap microprocessor is an improved variation of which method of assessing adherence?
- A.
  
  Physician judgment
- B.
  
  Patient judgment
- C.
  
  Examination of biochemical evidence
- D.
  
  Pill count method
14.

Older studies found a general rate of noncompliance around ___; more recent studies show a rate of ___.
- A.
  
  25%...50%
- B.
  
  50%...25%
- C.
  
  75%...over 90%
- D.
  
  Close to 0...50%
15.

What sort of illness is MOST likely to elicit compliance with medical advice?
- A.
  
  A life-threatening illness
- B.
  
  A chronic illness
- C.
  
  A hereditary disorder
- D.
  
  An illness with painful symptoms
16.

Noncompliance rises abruptly when the prescription requires the patient to take one pill
- A.
  
  Once a day
- B.
  
  Twice a day
- C.
  
  Three times a day
- D.
  
  Four times a day
17.

The relationship between adherence and age is complex. For example, one study (Thomas et al., 1995) found that age had a(n) ___ relationahip with adherence to colorectal screening.
- A.
  
  Inverse
- B.
  
  Direct
- C.
  
  Curvilinear
- D.
  
  Dose response
18.

The noncompliant personality
- A.
  
  Has not been found to exist
- B.
  
  Is more common amoung men than among women
- C.
  
  Is less common among well-educated people
- D.
  
  Is more common among the elderly
19.

The effects of anxiety on failures to comply are ___, and the effects of depression are ___.
- A.
  
  Small...also small
- B.
  
  Small...large
- C.
  
  Large...also large
- D.
  
  Large...small
20.

Which type of social support is beneficial for compliance?
- A.
  
  Living with family
- B.
  
  Belonging to a large family, even one that experiences a lot of conflict
- C.
  
  Being married
- D.
  
  Both a & c
21.

Which of these patient-practitioner interaction variables is the best predictor of a patient's compliance?
- A.
  
  A physician who explains in detail the procedures that should be undertaken by the patient
- B.
  
  The patient's perception of the physicians as someone of equal status
- C.
  
  A patient who has spent at least one hour waiting in the physician's waiting room
- D.
  
  A patient who had to wait at least one month in order to see the physician
22.

Compared with male physicians, female physicians
- A.
  
  Spend less time with each patient
- B.
  
  Ask more questions of patients
- C.
  
  Make more negative statements to their patients
- D.
  
  All of these
23.

When defining adherence as maintaining a healthy lifestyle, making and keeping appointments with physicians and dentists, and obtaining all the recommended tests and screenings,
- A.
  
  Almost no one is fully adherent
- B.
  
  Adherence is about 25%
- C.
  
  Adherence is about 50%
- D.
  
  Adherence is low for younger adults but high for older adults
24.

Which strategy is LEAST likely to improve rate of adherence?
- A.
  
  Clearly written instructions
- B.
  
  Verbal rewards
- C.
  
  Verbal punishments
- D.
  
  Prompts from the patient's spouse
25.

Health psychologists have been LEAST involved in
- A.
  
  Determining which medical advice is valid and which is not
- B.
  
  Determining those factors that predict compliance to medical advice
- C.
  
  Developing programs to improve compliance
- D.
  
  Developing models to explain reasons for noncompliance