Neurological Problem Quiz

22 Questions | By Chachelly | Updated: Mar 22, 2022 | Attempts: 594

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Neurological disorders are diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system and are undoubtedly one of the most frightening illnesses. The quiz below is designed to test out how much you know about neurological problems. Give it a try and increase your knowledge along the way. All the best as you do!

Questions and Answers

1.

Which of the following is an arterial branch of the vertebral system supplying the brain?
- A.
  
  Anterior cerebral artery
- B.
  
  Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
- C.
  
  Posterior communicating artery
- D.
  
  Middle cerebral artery
- E.
  
  Anterior communicating artery
2.

An infarct involving the hypothalamus would most likely result from occlusion of the?
- A.
  
  Anterior spinal artery
- B.
  
  Vertebral artery
- C.
  
  Anterior cerebral artery
- D.
  
  Perforating arteries associated with the Circle of Willis
- E.
  
  Posterior cerebral artery
3.

A neurological examination of a 51-year old woman indicated that she had a loss of pain and temperature sense on the right side of her body, a decreased sense of taste on the left side and hoarseness of voice when speaking. She also complained of dizziness and nausea. Which of the following arteries may be occluded in this patient?
- A.
  
  Posterior Cerebral Artery
- B.
  
  Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AlCA)
- C.
  
  Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)
- D.
  
  Anterior Spinal Artery
- E.
  
  Anterior Cerebral Artery
4.

A 55-year old male was admitted to the hospital after suffering from a stroke. He later succumbed. The diagram below represents a cross section from his lower pons obtained at autopsy. The dark shaded area presents a lesion resulting from an embolus in which artery?
- A.
  
  Anterior cerebral artery
- B.
  
  Middle cerebral artery
- C.
  
  Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
- D.
  
  Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
- E.
  
  Paramedian branch of basilar artery
5.

As a principal investigator with a team of scientists, you are determined to create a method by which individuals could elect to surgically alter their hypothalamus to control their weight. Which hypothalamic nucleus would cause starvation if it was lesioned or destroyed?
- A.
  
  Paraventricular nucleus
- B.
  
  Mammillary body
- C.
  
  Ventromedial nucleus
- D.
  
  Lateral nucleus
- E.
  
  Posterior nucleus
6.

Your friend in your advanced genetics class is always falling asleep during lecture. At first you thought that she just wasn't sleeping at night or that the lecture had to be extremely boring for her. However! you then notice that she sometimes she falls asleep during group activities as well. Which hypothalamic nucleus may be related to her problem?
- A.
  
  Dorsomedial nucleus
- B.
  
  Paraventricular nucleus
- C.
  
  Anterior nucleus
- D.
  
  Arcuate nucleus
- E.
  
  Ventromedial nucleus
7.

As a researcher you are doing axonal tracing studies in the thalamus. You decide to inject an anterograde tracer into the VL (ventral lateral) and VA (ventral anterior) nuclei of the thalamus. What is the major output of these nuclei?
- A.
  
  Primary somatosensory cortex (3,1,2)
- B.
  
  Primary motor cortex (4)
- C.
  
  Primary visual cortex (17)
- D.
  
  Cingulate gyrus and other limbic regions
- E.
  
  Primary auditory cortex (41,42)
8.

A 47-year old female is referred to a local clinic because of polyuria linked to excessive thirst/drinking. She denies any family history of diabetes. A CT (computed tomography) scan reveals an infarcted area in a region of the diencephalon. You suspect a lesion in which structure?
- A.
  
  Posterior nucleus of hypothalamus
- B.
  
  Anterior nucleus of thalamus
- C.
  
  Ventro-postero lateral nucleus of thalamus
- D.
  
  Habenular nucleus of epithalamus
- E.
  
  Arcuate nucleus of thalamus
- F.
  
  Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
9.

Your patient had a stroke affecting the thalamus. After an MRI, the neurologist advised you that the "limbic" thalamus had been affected. Which of the following thalamic nuclei has both afferent and efferent limbic connections?
- A.
  
  Anterior nucleus
- B.
  
  Pulvinar
- C.
  
  Ventral posterolateral nucleus
- D.
  
  Ventral lateral nucleus
- E.
  
  Medial geniculate nucleus
10.

Which of the following regions of the hypothalamus contains nuclei important for learning and memory circuits?
- A.
  
  Preoptic Area
- B.
  
  Posterior Area
- C.
  
  Tuberal Region
- D.
  
  Anterior Area
- E.
  
  Lateral Area
11.

A victim of a motor vehicle accident suffers a cranial base fracture that extends through the jugular foramen and damages the nerves that exit here. Motor deficits in the neck that this patient will evince include weakness or paralysis of
- A.
  
  Muscles enclosed in the deep investing fascia of the neck
- B.
  
  Muscles enclosed in the visceral layer of pretracheal fascia
- C.
  
  Muscles enclosed in prevertebral fascia
- D.
  
  Muscles enclosed in deep investing fascia and pretracheal visceral fascia
- E.
  
  All of the above
12.

Which thalamic nucleus would be primarily responsible for processing input associated with activation of pacinian corpuscles in your left hand?
- A.
  
  Left dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus
- B.
  
  Left pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus
- C.
  
  Left ventroposteromedial (VPM) nucleus of the thalamus
- D.
  
  Right lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
- E.
  
  Right ventroposterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus
- F.
  
  Right ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus
13.

Concerning the circuitry between mossy fibers, climbing fibers and cells of the cerebellar cortex, which of the following pairs both provide excitatory input?
- A.
  
  Mossy fibers & Purkinje cells
- B.
  
  Purkinje cells & Golgi cells
- C.
  
  Granule cell parallel fibers & Mossy fibers
- D.
  
  Golgi cells & Climbing fibers
- E.
  
  Climbing fibers & Basket cells
14.

Your 27-year old patient displays ataxia when asked to walk across the examination room. You ask him to stand still with his eyes closed and note marked swaying back and forth. When he opens his eyes the swaying persists. Vibration sense is normal on all four limbs. Given the clinical picture in this case, such ataxia is likely due to damage to which of the following structures?
- A.
  
  Dorsal columns
- B.
  
  Cerebral peduncles
- C.
  
  Posterior limb of the internal capsule
- D.
  
  Ventral horns of the spinal cord
- E.
  
  Cerebellum
15.

Efferent axons from the dentate nucleus terminate in what thalamic nucleus and travel through what peduncle?
- A.
  
  Ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus (VA) ---superior cerebellar peduncle
- B.
  
  Ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus (VA) ---middle cerebellar peduncle
- C.
  
  Ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus (VL) ---superior cerebellar peduncle
- D.
  
  Ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus (VL) ---middle cerebellar peduncle
- E.
  
  Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus (VPL) ---superior cerebellar peduncle
16.

Which of the following ascending pathways enters the cerebellum through the superior cerebellar peduncle?
- A.
  
  Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
- B.
  
  Cuneo cerebellar tract
- C.
  
  Anterior spinocerebellar tract
- D.
  
  Ponto cerebellar fibers
- E.
  
  Climbing fibers
17.

Your 30-year-old patient has a lower neck injury. During the physical examination you realize that the wound is in the omoclavicular triangle. You know that this injury might be dangerous because important structures are passing through this area. Which of the following structures might be in danger?
- A.
  
  Common carotid artery
- B.
  
  Ansa cervicalis
- C.
  
  Vagus nerve
- D.
  
  Hypoglossal nerve
- E.
  
  Trunks of the brachial plexus
18.

The anterior scaIene muscle is an important accessory muscle of respiration. Its innervation is:
- A.
  
  Ventral rami of spinal nerves C1-C2
- B.
  
  Ventral rami of spinal nerves C4-C6
- C.
  
  Dorsal rami of spinal nerves C2-C4
- D.
  
  Brachial plexus
- E.
  
  Phrenic nerve
19.

A resident is attempting her first placement of central line into the right internal jugular vein. To correctly locate the point of insertion, she should place the needle at the:
- A.
  
  Between the two heads of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle
- B.
  
  Jugular notch
- C.
  
  At the sternal angle on the right side
- D.
  
  Lateral to the sternocleidomastoid muscle on the right side
- E.
  
  Between the bellies of the anterior and middle scalene muscles on the right side
20.

A 50-year old man was admitted to the hospital complaining of a loss of hearing. The patient also reported unsteadiness in balance. Examination further revealed a facial palsy on the side of the face ipsilateral to the hearing loss. The most likely cause of this disorder is:
- A.
  
  Acoustic neuroma of the cerebellopontine angle
- B.
  
  Tumor in the external ear
- C.
  
  Tumor in the middle ear
- D.
  
  Tumor affecting the midline region of the cerebellum
- E.
  
  Vascular lesion affecting the medial two third of the basilar pons
21.

A 34-year old man reported episodes of dizziness and vertigo to his physician. Two weeks later he reported hearing loss and a slight tinnitus in his right ear. These symptoms started to get worse with time. A neurological examination revealed no other signs of neurological dysfunction. The most likely site of the lesion/dysfunction in this patient is?
- A.
  
  A lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus
- B.
  
  A tumor of the cerebellar vermis
- C.
  
  Damage to the spiral ganglion
- D.
  
  A tumor affecting cranial VIII and VII at the cerebellopontine angle
- E.
  
  Abnormal volume of endolymph in the inner ear
- F.
  
  Tumor in pons compressing lateral lemniscus
22.

A 52-year old man reported feeling unsteady while walking. History taking revealed that this balance problem developed after a hearing loss associated with the left ear. The patient's muscles of facial expression on the left exhibited marked weakness. In addition, the patient's corneal reflex was absent on the left side. The most likely explanation of these symptoms is?
- A.
  
  Lesion to the medial longitudinal fasciculus
- B.
  
  Vascular occlusion affecting the medial region of the basilar pons
- C.
  
  Acoustic schwannoma of cerebellopontine angle
- D.
  
  Middle ear infection
- E.
  
  Tumor affecting cerebellar vermis