Copy Of Neurological Disorders

Green leafy vegetables are rich in folic acid, which is essential for preventing neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Folic acid plays a crucial role in the formation and closure of the neural tube during early pregnancy. Therefore, including green leafy vegetables in the mother's diet can help ensure an adequate intake of folic acid and reduce the risk of neural tube defects in the baby.

Hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by an accumulation of excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain. This excess fluid causes an increase in the size of the ventricles, which are fluid-filled spaces in the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is "Increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid."

The management for a child with cerebral palsy is supportive and palliative. Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive disorder caused by brain damage, and there is no cure for it. Supportive care focuses on improving the child's quality of life and managing their symptoms. This may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, assistive devices, medications to manage symptoms like muscle stiffness or seizures, and providing emotional support to the child and their family. Palliative care aims to relieve pain and discomfort and improve overall well-being. Surgery may be considered in some cases, but it is not the primary management for cerebral palsy.

A decreased head circumference indicates that the VP shunt is functioning effectively. VP shunt is a surgical procedure used to treat hydrocephalus, a condition where there is an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. The shunt helps to divert the excess fluid from the brain to another part of the body, reducing the pressure inside the skull. A decrease in head circumference suggests that the shunt is effectively draining the excess fluid, leading to a reduction in the size of the head.

The presence of dimpling of the skin at the lumbar area and a tuft of hair at the back suggests spina bifida occulta. Spina bifida occulta is a mild form of spina bifida where the spinal cord and nerves are usually not affected. It is characterized by a small gap in one or more of the vertebrae of the spine, which may cause a dimple or tuft of hair at the site. Meningocele and myeloschisis are more severe forms of spina bifida where the spinal cord and nerves are involved. Spina bifida cystic is a general term that includes both meningocele and myeloschisis.

The correct answer is "Indication that an obstruction may be present." After VP shunt insertion, the infant becoming lethargic, increasing in head circumference, and having sunset eyes are signs that suggest a possible obstruction in the shunt. These symptoms indicate that the shunt may not be functioning properly, and further investigation is necessary to determine the cause of the obstruction and to provide appropriate treatment. It is important to address the mother's concerns and reassure her that prompt medical attention is needed in this situation.

Children with cerebral palsy often have difficulty with movement and may have increased energy needs due to muscle spasticity and involuntary movements. Therefore, a high-calorie diet is required to meet their energy requirements and support their growth and development. This can help prevent malnutrition and promote weight gain in these children. A high-calorie diet may also help improve muscle function and overall well-being in children with cerebral palsy.

Applying a sterile wet dressing is appropriate to maintain the sac of a meningocele intact because it helps to keep the area clean and moist, which promotes healing and prevents infection. A wet dressing also provides a barrier against contamination and helps to prevent the sac from drying out.

Brain anoxia refers to a lack of oxygen supply to the brain, which can occur during childbirth. This can lead to damage in the brain and result in conditions such as cerebral palsy. Congenital defects, hereditary factors, and genetic diseases may also contribute to the development of cerebral palsy, but in this case, the specific cause is brain anoxia.

Cerebral palsy is a permanent neurological disorder caused by damage to the brain during development. It affects muscle control and movement, and there is currently no cure for it. Therefore, it is considered irreversible. Additionally, cerebral palsy does not worsen over time, meaning it is non-progressive. This means that the child's condition will not deteriorate as they grow older. Therefore, the correct answer is "Irreversible and non progressive."

The nurse positions a newborn infant born with myelomenigocele on their stomach to prevent pressure on the spinal cord and to promote healing. Placing the infant on their stomach helps to reduce the risk of complications and further damage to the spinal cord. This position also allows for proper drainage of fluids and reduces the risk of infection.

Non-communicating hydrocephalus refers to a condition where there is an obstruction along the ventricles, which prevents the normal flow and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This obstruction can be caused by various factors such as tumors, cysts, or structural abnormalities in the brain. As a result, there is an accumulation of CSF in the ventricles, leading to an increase in intracranial pressure and enlargement of the head in newborns.

Hyper tonicity of the muscles is consistent with spastic cerebral palsy. This condition is characterized by increased muscle tone and stiffness, leading to tight and rigid muscles. The child may experience difficulty with movement and have limited range of motion due to the increased muscle tone. This can result in spastic movements and difficulty with activities such as walking or reaching for objects.

Surgery is performed on a patient with spina bifida to prevent infection. Spina bifida is a birth defect where the spinal cord does not develop properly. Surgery is done to close the opening in the spine and protect the spinal cord from exposure to the outside environment. By closing the opening, the risk of infection is reduced, which can be a serious complication in patients with spina bifida.

The findings of widening of the sutures, visible scalp vein, and lethargy are consistent with increased intracranial pressure. Widening of the sutures occurs when there is increased pressure within the skull, causing the bones of the skull to separate. Visible scalp veins can indicate increased pressure in the veins draining blood from the brain. Lethargy is a common symptom of increased intracranial pressure as it can affect brain function and lead to decreased alertness and responsiveness.