1.
A state that is completely surrounded by the land of other states, which gives it a disadvantage in terms of accessibility to and from international trade routes.
Correct Answer
A. Landlocked State
Explanation
A landlocked state is a state that is completely surrounded by the land of other states, which gives it a disadvantage in terms of accessibility to and from international trade routes. Being landlocked means that the state does not have direct access to the coast or any major waterways, making it more difficult to engage in international trade and commerce. This lack of access to ports and water routes can limit economic opportunities and hinder the state's ability to participate in global trade networks.
2.
Geographers define overpopulation as:
Correct Answer
B. Too many people compared to resources
Explanation
Overpopulation is defined by geographers as having too many people compared to the available resources in a region. This means that the population exceeds the capacity of the environment to sustain it, leading to issues such as scarcity of food, water, and other essential resources. The definition does not solely refer to having too many people in a specific region or in the entire world, but specifically emphasizes the imbalance between population size and available resources.
3.
Most people live in cities in which of these regions?
Correct Answer
A. East Asia
Explanation
Most people live in cities in East Asia because this region is home to some of the most populous countries in the world, such as China, Japan, and South Korea. These countries have large urban centers with high population densities, leading to a significant concentration of people living in cities. Additionally, East Asia has experienced rapid urbanization and economic growth, attracting people from rural areas to urban areas in search of better opportunities and living conditions.
4.
Human beings avoid all but which of these regions?
Correct Answer
B. Warm lands
Explanation
Human beings avoid all but warm lands because warm lands typically have a high temperature and humidity, which can make living conditions uncomfortable and challenging for humans. Cold lands are often too harsh and require specialized adaptations to survive. Dry lands may lack sufficient water and resources for human habitation. High lands can have thin air and extreme weather conditions. Wet lands can be prone to flooding and have high levels of moisture, which may not be suitable for human settlements. Therefore, warm lands are generally preferred by humans for their moderate climate and availability of resources.
5.
1:24,000 is an example of what kind of scale?
Correct Answer
C. Fractional scale
Explanation
The scale 1:24,000 is a fractional scale. This means that one unit on the map represents 24,000 units in the real world. Fractional scales are commonly used in maps to accurately represent the proportions and distances between different features on the map.
6.
Which map would have the smallest scale?
Correct Answer
C. World
Explanation
The world map would have the smallest scale because it represents the entire planet, whereas the other options represent smaller geographic areas. A smaller scale means that the map covers a larger area in less detail, so a world map would show less detail compared to a continent, state, city, or country map.
7.
Globalization of the economy has...
Correct Answer
D. Heightened economic differences among places
Explanation
Globalization of the economy has led to heightened economic differences among places. This is because globalization has allowed for the increased flow of goods, services, and capital across borders, which has benefited some countries more than others. Developed countries with advanced industries and technology have been able to take advantage of globalization and attract investment, leading to economic growth and prosperity. On the other hand, less developed countries may struggle to compete in the global market, leading to widening economic disparities between different regions and countries.
8.
The spread of a new fashion first in large cities, and later to smaller towns is an example of expansion diffusion.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because expansion diffusion refers to the spread of an idea or innovation from its origin to new areas. In the case of a new fashion trend, it often starts in large cities where there is a concentration of fashion influencers and trendsetters. As it gains popularity and acceptance in these urban areas, it gradually spreads to smaller towns and eventually reaches a wider population. This process of spreading from larger to smaller areas is a clear example of expansion diffusion.
9.
Density measures the amount of something per unit of area on Earth's surface.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Density is a measure of how much of something is present in a given area. In the context of Earth's surface, density refers to the amount of a particular substance or object per unit of area. This could include population density (number of people per square kilometer), tree density (number of trees per hectare), or any other measure of quantity per unit of area. Therefore, the statement that density measures the amount of something per unit of area on Earth's surface is true.
10.
Rechanneling the Kissimmee river in FL produced an increase in which of the following adverse environmental impacts?
Correct Answer
E. All of the above
Explanation
Rechanneling the Kissimmee river in FL resulted in adverse environmental impacts such as the disruption of wildlife habitats, pollution of drinking water, and runoffs from cattle grazing. By altering the natural flow of the river, the rechanneling process likely disturbed the habitats of various wildlife species that rely on the river for survival. Additionally, the changes in the river's course could have led to the pollution of drinking water sources, potentially affecting the health and well-being of nearby communities. Furthermore, runoffs from cattle grazing, including pesticides and fertilizers, may have been carried into the river, further exacerbating the environmental consequences.
11.
The spread of something over a given study area is:
Correct Answer
B. Concentration
Explanation
Concentration refers to the amount or quantity of something within a specific area. It indicates how much of a particular substance or phenomenon is present in a given study area. The spread of something over a study area can be described as concentration because it focuses on the intensity or level of occurrence within that area. It does not necessarily imply the pattern or arrangement of the spread, but rather the amount or density of the phenomenon in question.
12.
According to environmental determinism:
Correct Answer
E. The physical environment causes social development
Explanation
According to environmental determinism, the physical environment plays a significant role in shaping and influencing social development. This means that the natural resources, climate, geography, and other physical factors of a region can determine the type of society that develops within it. The availability of resources, such as fertile land or water sources, can impact the economic activities and lifestyles of the people living in that area. Additionally, factors like climate and geography can influence the cultural practices, social structures, and technological advancements of a society. Therefore, the physical environment is believed to be a causal factor in the development of social systems.
13.
The most populous country in Southeast Asia is:
Correct Answer
C. Indonesia
Explanation
Indonesia is the most populous country in Southeast Asia because it has the largest population among the given options. China, India, and Bangladesh are not located in Southeast Asia, while Thailand has a smaller population compared to Indonesia. Therefore, Indonesia is the correct answer.
14.
Which is not an example of a functional region?
Correct Answer
E. The area of dominance of a television station
Explanation
The area of dominance of a television station is not an example of a functional region because it does not serve a specific purpose or function. Functional regions are defined by a common characteristic or activity that binds the area together, such as the area served by a sports franchise, the circulation area of a newspaper, the market area of a supermarket, or the area dominated by a particular crop. However, a television station's dominance does not create a cohesive region based on a specific function or characteristic.
15.
Holland converted the Zuider Sea into a freshwater lake by using:
Correct Answer
E. Dikes
Explanation
Holland converted the Zuider Sea into a freshwater lake by using dikes. Dikes are barriers or embankments built to prevent water from flooding the land. By constructing dikes around the Zuider Sea, Holland was able to separate it from the saltwater of the North Sea, allowing it to be transformed into a freshwater lake. Dikes are a common method used in coastal engineering to protect low-lying areas from the encroachment of seawater.
16.
The U.S. land ordinance of 1785 divided much of the land into a system of:
Correct Answer
E. All
Explanation
The U.S. land ordinance of 1785 divided much of the land into a system that included quarter sections, townships, ranges, and sections. This means that all of these divisions were part of the land ordinance.
17.
The annual natural increase rate is currently approximately:
Correct Answer
E. 1.2 percent
Explanation
The annual natural increase rate refers to the rate at which a population grows due to the difference between births and deaths, excluding migration. A rate of 1.2 percent means that the population is increasing by 1.2 percent each year. This indicates a moderate population growth, as a higher rate would imply a faster increase in population.
18.
Of the following five countries, the highest natural increase rate is found in:
Correct Answer
C. Uganda
Explanation
Uganda has the highest natural increase rate among the given countries. This means that the birth rate in Uganda is higher than the death rate, resulting in a higher population growth rate. This could be due to factors such as a high fertility rate, limited access to contraception, or cultural norms that encourage larger families.
19.
When combined for all LDCs, which of the following rates is lower than MDCs combined?
Correct Answer
A. Crude death rate
Explanation
The crude death rate refers to the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals in a population in a given year. When combined for all LDCs (Less Developed Countries), the crude death rate is generally lower than the combined rate for MDCs (More Developed Countries). This is because LDCs tend to have higher birth rates and lower life expectancies, resulting in a higher proportion of young individuals in the population. Consequently, the crude death rate is lower as there are fewer elderly individuals who are more susceptible to mortality.
20.
Country x has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 15, while country y has a crude birth rate of 20 and a crude death rate of 9. Which country has a higher natural increase rate?
Correct Answer
A. X
Explanation
To find the natural increase rate for each country, you can subtract the crude death rate from the crude birth rate.
Country X:
Natural Increase Rate = Crude Birth Rate - Crude Death Rate
Natural Increase Rate = 40 - 15
Natural Increase Rate = 25
Country Y:
Natural Increase Rate = Crude Birth Rate - Crude Death Rate
Natural Increase Rate = 20 - 9
Natural Increase Rate = 11
Comparing the natural increase rates:
- Country X has a natural increase rate of 25.
- Country Y has a natural increase rate of 11.
Country X has a higher natural increase rate (25) compared to Country Y (11).
21.
Rapidly declining crude death rates are found in which stage of the Demographic Transition Model?
Correct Answer
B. 2
Explanation
Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by rapidly declining crude death rates. This stage occurs when a society transitions from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates. The decline in death rates is often attributed to advancements in healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition. As a result, life expectancy increases, leading to a decline in crude death rates.
22.
MDCs moved from stage 1 to stage 2 of the Demographic Transition 20 years ago in part because of:
Correct Answer
C. Invention of new technology
Explanation
MDCs moved from stage 1 to stage 2 of the Demographic Transition 20 years ago in part because of the invention of new technology. This new technology likely improved agricultural practices, leading to increased food production and a more stable food supply. As a result, infant mortality rates decreased, life expectancy increased, and people had more confidence in their ability to provide for their families. This, in turn, led to a decrease in crude birth rates as families no longer needed to have as many children for economic security. Additionally, the invention of new technology may have also led to increased industrialization and urbanization, as people moved to cities in search of employment opportunities.
23.
England's population pyramid would most likely resemble that of:
Correct Answer
A. Denmark
Explanation
England's population pyramid would most likely resemble that of Denmark because both countries have similar demographic characteristics such as high life expectancy, low birth rates, and a large proportion of the population in the older age groups. This similarity in demographic patterns suggests that the age structure of the population in both countries would be similar, resulting in a population pyramid that is also similar in shape and distribution.