AP Human Geography Practice Exam #3
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Good Luck! Exam #3
- 1.The word "geography" literally means
- A.
The study of space
- B.
Earth study
- C.
People and nature
- D.
Earth writing
- E.
Human ground
- 2.New York City is divided into five ____, in order to better organize social services for millions of people.
- A.
Counties
- B.
Voting Precincts
- C.
Town Councils
- D.
School Districts
- E.
Boroughs
- 3.In which of the following countries would you expect to find the highest rate of population growth?
- A.
Canada
- B.
Namibia
- C.
Sweden
- D.
Chile
- E.
The U.S.
- 4.In distance decay models, the slope of the decay function illustrates
- A.
The type of interaction
- B.
The nature of the network
- C.
The influence of "friction of distance"
- D.
Topography
- E.
Net dispersion
- 5.Which of the following projections places the Norht or South Pole at the center of the view?
- A.
Azimuthal
- B.
Choropleth
- C.
Pole View
- D.
Fuller's
- E.
Mercator
- 6.Rap music first appeared in New York in the 1970s. Later, it spread to large cities with vibrant African-American populations- such as Los Angeles, Oakland, Chicago, and Detroit- without being absorbed by the smaller cities and rural areas in between. This type of spatial diffusion is called
- A.
Relocation diffusion
- B.
Hierarchial diffusion
- C.
Contagious diffusion
- D.
Cultural diffusion
- E.
Indeterminent diffusion
- 7.Cartography is the art and science of
- A.
Demographics
- B.
Map-making
- C.
Spatial orientation
- D.
Cognitive imagery
- E.
Spatial decision making
- 8.Which of the following is FALSE regarding slash-and-brun agriculture?
- A.
It occurs mainly in tropical environments
- B.
It is associated with deforestation in Brazil
- C.
It is part of the Green Revolution
- D.
It was practiced sustainably by indigenous people
- E.
It is uncommon in the temperate latitudes
- 9.A population pyramid
- A.
Shows the age and sex structure of a population
- B.
Cannot be used to compare two different countries
- C.
Demonstrates the demographic transition model
- D.
Only accurately depicts declining populations
- E.
Is most useful in illustrating social upheaval
- 10.The Pleistocene overkill theory argues that
- A.
Hearths of early agriculture resulted from environmental conditions
- B.
Geographers have overemphasized the importance of environmental conditions in human history
- C.
Poor environmental management resulted in the ecological collapse of the fertile crescent
- D.
Current human geography is not a product of the distant past
- E.
Hunter-gatherers caused the extinction of many species after the end of the last ice age
- 11.In an adress to the 1994 United Nations International Conference on Population and Development, India argued that, although population growth has placed pressure on the world's natural resources, ______ by industrialized nations has also had extreme consequences for environmental quality.
- A.
Fiscal policy
- B.
Material consumption
- C.
Tourism
- D.
International aid
- E.
Racism
- 12.Geographical research that applies to one place or region is
- A.
Nonmothetic
- B.
Dnominational
- C.
Idiographic
- D.
Nonscientific
- E.
Cultural studies
- 13.Approximately how long did it take for Eurasian hunter-gatherers to reach the tip of South America after their initial arrival in Alaska?
- A.
500 years
- B.
2,000 years
- C.
5,000 years
- D.
20,000 years
- E.
40,000 years
- 14.The demographic accounting equation computes future population as a function of current population:
- A.
+births - infant mortality + cohort
- B.
+births - deaths x life expectancy
- C.
+births - deaths + immigration - emigration
- D.
Births / deaths - immigration + emigration
- E.
+immigration - emigration x demographic transition
- 15.
- A.
The angular distance north or south of the prime meridian
- B.
The angular distance east or west of Greenwich, England
- C.
The angular distance north or south of the equator
- D.
Useful in determining relative location
- E.
Useful in describing a place's situation
- 16.The idea that our impressions and experiences of the world around us are filtered through the lens of our culture and our individual experiences, which critiques the sort of scientific, universalist grad theories offered by modernists is called
- A.
Postmodernism
- B.
Ecofeminism
- C.
Consumptionism
- D.
Reductionism
- E.
Possitivism
- 17.The religious practices of some Native American groups combine elements both from their traditional religion and from Christianity. This is an example of
- A.
A cultural complex
- B.
A cultural confluence
- C.
A counter culture
- D.
A diametric culture
- E.
A cultural syncretism
- 18.The demographic transition model posits that
- A.
Advanced industrialized countires will have rapid population growth
- B.
Pre-industrial states will have both low birth and death rates
- C.
Countries with high levels of economic production will have lower birth rates
- D.
Underdeveloped countries cannot become developed
- E.
Time is the dominant force behind population change
- 19.One important consequence of cultural extinction is
- A.
Decreasing population
- B.
Increased poverty in peripheral regions
- C.
Loss of genetic diversity
- D.
Loss of indigenous knowledge about ecosystems
- E.
Increasing populations
- 20._____ maps work well for locating and navigating between places, while ____ maps display one or more variables across a specific space.
- A.
Reference...thematic
- B.
Thematic...reference
- C.
Spatial...cartographic
- D.
Cartographic...spatial
- E.
Topologic...choropleth
- 21.Which of the following religions originated in northern India and then spread across central and southeast Asia, Indonesia, and Japan?
- A.
Hinduism
- B.
Buddhism
- C.
Islam
- D.
Taoism
- E.
Judaism
- 22.States with federal forms of governemnt must also have
- A.
Territorial organization
- B.
Facist regimes
- C.
Social- democacies
- D.
Proportional representation
- E.
Congressional oversight
- 23.In the world systems model, the dore nations of the world are
- A.
Situated in the present-day Middle East
- B.
Located in the prodperous southern continents
- C.
Located mainly in Europe and North America
- D.
Located in the former Soviet republics
- E.
Located in the heartland, not rimland
- 24.The study of the interaction between human cultures and natural ecosystems is called
- A.
Cultural ecology
- B.
Semiotics
- C.
Cognitive science
- D.
Linguistics
- E.
Sociobiology
- 25.Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of Balkanization
- A.
Ethnic divisions
- B.
Varying levels of economic development within a country
- C.
External pressure
- D.
Centripetal forces
- E.
A strong central government
- 26.Which of the follwoing is true about language extinctions?
- A.
They happen suddenly and without warning
- B.
They are usually the result of genocide
- C.
There could be several thousand over the next century
- D.
They are increasingly rare
- E.
They are unrelated to cultural imperialism
- 27._____________ involves the economic and political domination of one state by another, while _____________ includes official, institutionalized government rule.
- A.
Regionalism...sectionalism
- B.
Sectionalism...regionalism
- C.
Imperialism...colonialism
- D.
Colonialism...imperialism
- E.
Nationalism...isolationism
- 28.Sources of forced migration include
- A.
Complementarity and individual choice
- B.
Economic opportunities and religious freedom
- C.
Political unrest and ecological degradation
- D.
The draw of a pleasant climate
- E.
Familial ties in another country
- 29.In 1995 plebiscite, the Canadian province of Quebec sought which of the following?
- A.
Electoral reapportionment
- B.
Economic freedom
- C.
Unitary standing
- D.
Self-determinism
- E.
Membersip in the United Nations
- 30.The disproportionate siting of power plants and waste disposal facilities in African- American and Latino neighborhoods- independent of other economic and historical factors- is an example of
- A.
Postmaterialism
- B.
Environmental racism
- C.
Deindustrialization
- D.
Environmental justice
- E.
Ecological inferiority
- 31.Advanced economic countries, like the U.S., may produce more pollution than less economically advanced countries because
- A.
They consumer more resources
- B.
They are less concerned about the environment
- C.
They desire global domination
- D.
They have more resources to begin with
- E.
They lack waste management technology
- 32.
- A.
The angular distance north or south of teh prime meridian
- B.
The angular distance east or west of Greenwich, England
- C.
The angular distance north or south of the equator
- D.
Useful in determining relative location
- E.
A measure of social or political freedom
- 33.Primary economic activities involve
- A.
The transformation and assembly of raw materials
- B.
The sale and exchange of goods and services
- C.
The handling and processing of information
- D.
Research and development
- E.
The direct extraction or harvest of natural resources
- 34.According to Thomas Malthus, ____ grows arithmetically, but _____ grows geometrically.
- A.
Population...food production
- B.
Passion between the sexes...willingness to have sex
- C.
Food production...population
- D.
Technology...environmental impact
- E.
Population...technology
- 35.Since 1960, the difference between per capita Gross National Products of the world's wealthiest countries and the world's poorest countries has
- A.
Remained about the same
- B.
Decreased somewhat
- C.
Decreased dramatically
- D.
Increased dramatically
- E.
Increased slightly
- 36.In the gravity model of spatial interaction, population and distance
- A.
Are inversely related
- B.
Are directly related
- C.
Each have multiple measures
- D.
Do not affect the final solution
- E.
Vary significantly
- 37.
- A.
New England and the Great Basin
- B.
Southern Appalachia and the lower Mississippi Valley
- C.
The northern Rockies and Pacific Northwest
- D.
The Desert Southwest and Great Lakes
- E.
The Rust Belt
- 38.Agricultural techniques developed in the temperate latitudes are frequently inappropriate for wet tropical climates because rainforest soils tend to be
- A.
Poorly drained
- B.
Nutrient rich
- C.
Nutrient poor
- D.
Salinized
- E.
Sandy
- 39.All choropleth maps use
- A.
Shading and coloring
- B.
Isolines
- C.
Dots
- D.
Graphs and charts
- E.
The Mercator projection
- 40.Hearths of early Eurasian agriculture were generally located
- A.
In Mediterranean climates
- B.
On the moist, windward side of mountain ranges
- C.
In fertile river valleys
- D.
Along the coast
- E.
At high latitudes and altitudes
- 41.The aggregate measure of economic development that accounts for the depreciation of capital and natural resources is called the
- A.
Gross National Product
- B.
Gross Domestic Product
- C.
Net National Product
- D.
Human Development Index
- E.
Gender Empowerment Index
- 42.
- A.
Has a stable and prosperous nation
- B.
Has recognized an antecedent boundary between Iraq and Jordan
- C.
Has historical homelands spanning many national borders
- D.
Does not want to live in an independent country
- E.
Has disappeared due to cultural extinction
- 43.Which of the following is an example of an edge city?
- A.
Anchorage, Alaska
- B.
Seattle, Washington
- C.
Boston, Massachusetts
- D.
Tyson's Corner, Virginia
- E.
Las Vegas, Nevada
- 44.Hearth regions of early agriculture included present day
- A.
China, India, Turkey, and Mexico
- B.
China, India, Sudan, and Malaysia
- C.
India, Ethiopia, Greece, and Morocco
- D.
Anatolia, Peru, Borneo, and Hanalee
- E.
California, Illinois, New Brunswick, and Ireland
- 45.Von Thunen's model of rural land use is based on which of the following premises?
- A.
Land values decrease farther from the urban center
- B.
Land values increase farther from the urban center
- C.
Perishable goods are least valuable
- D.
Railroads provide fixed transportation costs
- E.
Vegetarianism is socially beneficial
- 46.Washington D.C.'s Lincoln Memorial and Mall, with their dramatic neoclassical architechture and symbolic references to democracy and populism, are associated with
- A.
Modernism
- B.
Revisionism
- C.
Pluralism
- D.
Postmodernism
- E.
The City Beautiful movement
- 47.The theory that explains the regional organization of urban areas, based on their functions and the goods and services they offer is called
- A.
Metropolitan area theory
- B.
Sector theory
- C.
Central place theory
- D.
Urban matrix theory
- E.
The rank-size rule
- 48.The city of San Francisci is known for which of the following?
- A.
Beaux arts architecture
- B.
Early 20th centruy modernism
- C.
19th century Victorian architecture
- D.
Its balmy climate
- E.
Postmodern architecture
- 49.The geographic differentiation between the colonizing countries of Europe, North America, and eastern Asia and the colonized states of Africa and South America has been called
- A.
The north/south divide
- B.
The iron curtain
- C.
The east/west divide
- D.
The thin red line
- E.
The western front
- 50.Which city's dense urban core became the "birthplace of the skyscraper"?
- A.
New York
- B.
Tokyo
- C.
Sao Paulo
- D.
Paris
- E.
Chicago
- 51.The greatest concentration of linguistic diversity on Earth is in
- A.
Amazonia
- B.
The Congo
- C.
Madagascar
- D.
New Guniea
- E.
Mexico
- 52.By 2020, most of the world's biggest cities will be located in
- A.
Western Europe
- B.
Russia
- C.
South America
- D.
Asia
- E.
Africa
- 53.____ is strategically located on the border between two continents, and at the intersection of many cultures and religions.
- A.
Istanbul, Turkey
- B.
Lagos, Nigeria
- C.
Mexico City, Mexico
- D.
Karachi, Pakistan
- E.
Berlin, Germany
- 54.Cartographic scale refers to
- A.
The size of an object in the real world
- B.
The number of different objects depicted on a map
- C.
The projection
- D.
The relation between a distance on a map and distance on the ground
- E.
Angular distance from the equator
- 55.Which of the following factors is most responsible for the dramatic demographic collapse of Native Americans during the colonial period?
- A.
The Slave trade
- B.
Eurasian diseases
- C.
The hacienda system
- D.
Language extinction
- E.
Civil war
- 56.Primate cities are those that
- A.
Are the seats of ecclesiastical power in a nation
- B.
Are the national capitals
- C.
Are disproportionally larger than any other cities in a nation
- D.
Were the first to be established in a new colony
- E.
Are inhabited by monkeys and apes
- 57.The term ___describes a group of people with a common ethnic identity that is spread out over a large geographic area.
- A.
Caste
- B.
Sect
- C.
Diaspora
- D.
Race
- E.
Cultural complex
- 58.
- A.
It is the only perfectly proportioned map
- B.
It fits on the pages
- C.
It is versatile and aesthetically pleasing
- D.
It orients the U.S. in the center of the world
- E.
It sells at the newsstands
- 59.Which of the following does not qualify as a Protestant denomination?
- A.
Presbyterianism
- B.
Methodism
- C.
Catholicism
- D.
Southern Baptist
- E.
Lutheran
- 60.During the 19802 and 1990s, Santa Monica, California, became significantly wealthier and more expensive. This process is referred to as
- A.
Escalation
- B.
Gentrification
- C.
Urban zonation
- D.
Reallotment
- E.
Reification
- 61.Which of the following regions experienced rapid industrial growth during the early 20th century, followed by a severe decline and difficult period of economic readjustment?
- A.
The mid-Atlantic
- B.
The Great Plains
- C.
South Florida
- D.
The Great Lakes
- E.
The rust belt
- 62.Which of the following qualifies as a primate city?
- A.
Toronto, Canada
- B.
Cape Town, South Africa
- C.
Jerusalem, Israel
- D.
Mexico City, Mexico
- E.
Phoenix, Arizona
- 63.Geographic information systems use _____ to display multiple spatial data sets.
- A.
Thematic layers
- B.
Cartograms
- C.
Remotely sensed images
- D.
Dot maps
- E.
Isolines
- 64.Break-of-bulk points are
- A.
Places where natural hazards prohibit spatial interaction
- B.
Uniform throughout space and time
- C.
Hindrances to global economic development
- D.
Sites where goods are transferred for continued shipping
- E.
Cities that offer the largest markets for any given good or service
- 65.The process by which one ethnic group becomes integrated into a larger culture is called
- A.
Articulation
- B.
Ossification
- C.
Assimilation
- D.
Syncretism
- E.
A melting pot
- 66.The _______ will increase over the next decade, as baby boomers reach old age and are no longer able to work and provide for themselves.
- A.
Poverty line
- B.
Population pyramid
- C.
Arithmetic density
- D.
Dependency ratio
- E.
Doubling time
- 67.When the crude birth rate is higher than the crude death rate, the difference between the two is called the
- A.
Total fertility rate
- B.
Replacement rate
- C.
Natural increase
- D.
Natural decrease
- E.
Life expectancy
- 68.In Rostow's stages of development model, economic maturity is characterized by
- A.
Sustainability
- B.
High mass consumption
- C.
Gender empowerment
- D.
High per capita incomes
- E.
Gross national happiness
- 69.
- A.
The American environment is on the verge of collapse
- B.
Americans are poorly informed on scientific issues
- C.
Americans are becoming increasingly liberal in their political views
- D.
Most Americans consider environmental issues to be important
- E.
On Average, American are more politically liberal than Europeans
- 70.Religious fundamentalism
- A.
Appears to be on the rise in many parts of the world
- B.
Is limited to the Middle East
- C.
Is limited to the Deep South
- D.
Is decreasing globally
- E.
Is a serious political issue in Western Europe
- 71.Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the great metropolises of the developing world?
- A.
They contain both great wealth and tremendous poverty
- B.
Many retain architectual elements of their colonial past
- C.
Most have squatter settlements on their outskirts
- D.
Because their economies are less developed, they rarely suffer from significant pollution
- E.
They house an increasing proportion of the world's population
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