AP Human Geography Development Test (Long)

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4. ________________ is an alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employees to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards. (Fill in with two words. Capitalization does not matter)

Page 321

Explanation

Page 321

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5. Which region of the world would have the lowest HDI?

Anglo-America

South Pacific

Sub-Saharan Africa

Middle East

Latin America

Anglo-America and the South Pacific are incorrect because they are more developed regions. In Latin America, there are only a few countries with an HDI of less than 0.7, while every other country in that region does. In the Middle East, there is only one country with an HDI of less than 0.5, while every other country in that region does. Sub-Saharan Africa has many countries with an HDI of less than 0.5 with no countries with an HDI over 0.69.

Explanation

Anglo-America and the South Pacific are incorrect because they are more developed regions. In Latin America, there are only a few countries with an HDI of less than 0.7, while every other country in that region does. In the Middle East, there is only one country with an HDI of less than 0.5, while every other country in that region does. Sub-Saharan Africa has many countries with an HDI of less than 0.5 with no countries with an HDI over 0.69.

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9. If a country has a very high GDP, that means every citizen is living in a luxurious state.

True

False

There are still poor people in countries with high GDP per capita. There are also wealthy people in countries with low GDP per capita.

Explanation

There are still poor people in countries with high GDP per capita. There are also wealthy people in countries with low GDP per capita.

10. LDCs are able to benefit from selling raw materials to MDCs.

True

False

The income from selling raw materials provides money for development. (Page 295)

Explanation

The income from selling raw materials provides money for development. (Page 295)

11. The GDP per capita of all LDCs grow at the same rate.

True

False

China's GDP per capita rose much faster than most African countries.

Explanation

China's GDP per capita rose much faster than most African countries.

12. Match the definition of the type of sector to that sector.

Provision of goods and services to people in exchange for payment

Directly extracts materials from Earth through agriculture, and sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry

Manufactures the raw materials into useful products

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13. What is the main reason that Western European countries produce high value goods and services?

To show off they are better than the rest of the world

To allow for their citizens to live a luxurious life while the rest of the world lives in poverty

To pay for importation of raw materials

To provide the leaders with luxury items

Western Europe relies on the imports of raw materials from other countries, especially food. Therefore, to pay for the resources, it exports high value goods. (Page 302)

Explanation

Western Europe relies on the imports of raw materials from other countries, especially food. Therefore, to pay for the resources, it exports high value goods. (Page 302)

14. Numerically, the GDP per capita rose more in MDCs than in LDCs from 1990 to 2005.

True

False

The GDP per capita for MDCs rose $10000 while it only rose $4000 in LDCs.

Explanation

The GDP per capita for MDCs rose $10000 while it only rose $4000 in LDCs.

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16. Austrailia and New Zealand were colonies of which country?

United States

France

Germany

Japan

United Kingdom

More than 90% of the population of Australia and New Zealand are descendants of British settlers. (Page 305)

Explanation

More than 90% of the population of Australia and New Zealand are descendants of British settlers. (Page 305)

17. Latin Americans tend to live in ________________ areas, unlike all other less developed regions. (Capitalization does not matter)

Mexico City, São Paulo, and Buenos Aires are three of the top ten largest cities in the world, and they are found in this region. (Page 305)

Explanation

Mexico City, São Paulo, and Buenos Aires are three of the top ten largest cities in the world, and they are found in this region. (Page 305)

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18. China has had the world's largest population through recorded history.

True

False

Page 305

Explanation

Page 305

19. There is a country with a GEM of 1.0.

True

False

Just like the GDI, no country has achieved the highest GEM possible. (Page 311)

Explanation

Just like the GDI, no country has achieved the highest GEM possible. (Page 311)

20. The HDI has dropped in Eastern Europe since 1990, when the index was created by the UN.

True

False

Eastern Europe is the only region in which the HDI has dropped since 1990. (Page 302)

Explanation

Eastern Europe is the only region in which the HDI has dropped since 1990. (Page 302)

21. What is the main resource found in the Middle East that the countries in that region use to sell to MDCs for a profit? (Check all that apply)

Petroleum

Gold

Diamonds

Uranium

Page 306-307

Explanation

Page 306-307

22. Japanese people are abundant and work at very low wages to provide high-quality, high-value products.

True

False

Page 304

Explanation

Page 304

23. All Middle Eastern countries are able to gain profits off of petroleum.

True

False

Petroleum reserves are not found everywhere in the Middle East. Note that when Kuwait was invaded by Iraq in 1990, most people in the Middle East did not have sympathy for it. (Page 307)

Explanation

Petroleum reserves are not found everywhere in the Middle East. Note that when Kuwait was invaded by Iraq in 1990, most people in the Middle East did not have sympathy for it. (Page 307)

24. What kind(s) of power do LDCs depend on for production of resources?

Solar

Human

Animal

Machine

Hydroelectric

LDCs do not have technological improvements, so they are not able to use solar panels, machines, or turbines. (Page 295)

Explanation

LDCs do not have technological improvements, so they are not able to use solar panels, machines, or turbines. (Page 295)

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25. European countries get resources from the ground. To ensure that there is an adequate supply of raw materials, what did the countries do?

They stole from other European countries

They formed colonies in Africa and Asia

They mass produced resources with a cloning machine

They made slaves work in the mines and at logging camps

They did nothing

Africa and Asia held many supplies of raw materials, so they were able to provide the European countries with them. (Page 295)

Explanation

Africa and Asia held many supplies of raw materials, so they were able to provide the European countries with them. (Page 295)

26. Numerically, the difference between the average income for men and the average income for females in MDCs is larger than the difference between the average income for men and the average income for females in LDCs.

True

False

People in MDCs earn much more than people in LDCs, so most numerical differences in MDCs are bound to be higher than the differences in LDCs. (Page 309)

Explanation

People in MDCs earn much more than people in LDCs, so most numerical differences in MDCs are bound to be higher than the differences in LDCs. (Page 309)

27. On average, women live longer than men in every country.

True

False

The average life expectancy of a female is higher than the average life expectancy of a male in any country in the world. The only difference between life expectancies in MDCs and LDCs is the amount of the difference between the two genders. (Page 311)

Explanation

The average life expectancy of a female is higher than the average life expectancy of a male in any country in the world. The only difference between life expectancies in MDCs and LDCs is the amount of the difference between the two genders. (Page 311)

28. Anglo-America is the world's largest manufacturer.

True

False

Anglo-America was the world's largest manufacturing, but now Japan, Western Europe, and China have surpassed Anglo-America as the world's largest manufacturer. (Page 302)

Explanation

Anglo-America was the world's largest manufacturing, but now Japan, Western Europe, and China have surpassed Anglo-America as the world's largest manufacturer. (Page 302)

29. What two languages do most Latin Americans speak? (Check two)

English

Spanish

Portuguese

Spanglish

Brazilian

Most Latin Americans speak Spanish and Portuguese. Spanish is the official language in most Latin American countries, including Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, and Peru. Portuguese is primarily spoken in Brazil, which is the largest country in Latin America.

Explanation

Most Latin Americans speak Spanish and Portuguese. Spanish is the official language in most Latin American countries, including Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, and Peru. Portuguese is primarily spoken in Brazil, which is the largest country in Latin America.

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30. What is needed for agriculture every year in South Asia?

Green Revolution

Monsoon Rains

Fertile Soil

Foreign Aid

Monsoon rains are needed EVERY YEAR for successful harvests. The Green Revolution occurred only once, and that provided "miracle" seeds. Fertile soil is there because of the volcanic ash, but it is not needed to grow crops.

Explanation

Monsoon rains are needed EVERY YEAR for successful harvests. The Green Revolution occurred only once, and that provided "miracle" seeds. Fertile soil is there because of the volcanic ash, but it is not needed to grow crops.

31. What has enabled MDCs to produce materials with a high value added? (Check all that apply)

Machines

Tools

Laziness

Animal Power

Equipment

MDCs have technological improvements, so mechanical products assist in producing for the countries. (Page 295)

Explanation

MDCs have technological improvements, so mechanical products assist in producing for the countries. (Page 295)

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32. There is a country with a GEM of 1.0.

True

False

No country has perfect equality between males and females. (Page 309)

Explanation

No country has perfect equality between males and females. (Page 309)

33. Which is not part of the Four Asian Dragons?

Mainland China

Taiwan

Hong Kong

Singapore

South Korea

Page 317

Explanation

Page 317

34. To get the GDP, geographers get the incomes of everyone working in the country and average them together.

True

False

To get the GDP, geographers find the value of the total goods and products created by a country and divide it by the population.

Explanation

To get the GDP, geographers find the value of the total goods and products created by a country and divide it by the population.

35. Japan spends twice as much money as the United States on research and development.

True

False

Page 305

Explanation

Page 305

36. The world is divided by a line that runs from the east to the west at about 30° north latitude into two regions in which MDCs take the northern section and the LDCs take the southern section. Which more developed region does not follow this description?

East Asia

South Asia

Middle East

Eastern Europe

South Pacific

East Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East are all less developed regions. Eastern Europe is a more developed region but it is above 30° north latitude. The South Pacific is not only not above 30° north latitude but also below 30° south latitude. (Page 301 Map)

Explanation

East Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East are all less developed regions. Eastern Europe is a more developed region but it is above 30° north latitude. The South Pacific is not only not above 30° north latitude but also below 30° south latitude. (Page 301 Map)

37. What is the value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it known as? (Capitalization does not matter)

The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it is known as productivity. Productivity measures the efficiency and effectiveness of the production process by assessing the output achieved per unit of input, specifically labor in this case. It indicates how efficiently resources are being used to produce goods or services, and higher productivity generally implies higher profitability and economic growth. The term "productivity" can be written in both capitalized and non-capitalized forms.

Explanation

The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it is known as productivity. Productivity measures the efficiency and effectiveness of the production process by assessing the output achieved per unit of input, specifically labor in this case. It indicates how efficiently resources are being used to produce goods or services, and higher productivity generally implies higher profitability and economic growth. The term "productivity" can be written in both capitalized and non-capitalized forms.

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38. What two wars have resulted from the multiple nationalities in Western Europe? (Place a semicolon (;) and a space between the terms (ex. a; b)) (Do not use abbreviations, spell the terms out)

Page 302

Explanation

Page 302

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41. Match the region to its education and literacy patterns.

Low attendance, minimal differences between males and females

Low attendance, high differences between males and females

High atttendance, minimal differences between males and females

Page 308-310

Explanation

Page 308-310

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42. The GDI is always higher than the GEM.

True

False

Page 314

Explanation

Page 314

43. Place the five stages of Rostow's Development Model in order.

1

2

3

4

5

Page 316

Explanation

Page 316

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44. Fill in with the acronym. The ________________ provides loans to countries to help reform public administration and legal institutions and transportation and social services projects.

Page 319

Explanation

Page 319

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45. Which is not a main factor in creating the HDI?

Health Expenditure

Literacy Rate

Education

Gross Domestic Product per capita

Life Expectancy

Health Expenditure values are not added to the HDI. The other four are added.

Explanation

Health Expenditure values are not added to the HDI. The other four are added.

46. What is the average GDP per capita for MDCs?

Below $1000

About $1000

About $4000

About $27000

About $40000

The average GDP per capita for MDCs is $27000.

Explanation

The average GDP per capita for MDCs is $27000.

47. As a percentage, the GDP per capita rose more in MDCs than in LDCs from 1990 to 2005.

True

False

Although the GDP per capita rose more numerically in MDCs, the GDP per capita as a percentage rose more in LDCs because the value of the GDP per capita in 1990 wasn't much to start with anyway.

Explanation

Although the GDP per capita rose more numerically in MDCs, the GDP per capita as a percentage rose more in LDCs because the value of the GDP per capita in 1990 wasn't much to start with anyway.

48. What does this region produce that boosts its development?

Food

Services

Tourist Attractions

Textiles

Nuts

Page 308

Explanation

Page 308

49. Which country has the highest HDI in the world in recent years?

United States

United Kingdom

Norway

Australia

Canada

Norway has had the highest HDI in recent years with an HDI of 0.963.

Explanation

Norway has had the highest HDI in recent years with an HDI of 0.963.

50. The majority of foreign trade investments are from MDCs to LDCs.

True

False

Two-thirds of foreign trade investments are from MDCs to other MDCs. The other one-third is from MDCs to LDCs. (Page 318)

Explanation

Two-thirds of foreign trade investments are from MDCs to other MDCs. The other one-third is from MDCs to LDCs. (Page 318)

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52. The GDI has the same factors as the HDI.

True

False

Page 309

Explanation

Page 309

53. Countries in which region have the largest debts based on a percentage of the GNI (Gross National Income)?

Western Europe

Middle East

Latin America

Sub-Saharan Africa

South Asia

There are more than 10 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with debts more than 100% of their GNI. Those ten are ten out of only eighteen. (Page 320 Map)

Explanation

There are more than 10 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with debts more than 100% of their GNI. Those ten are ten out of only eighteen. (Page 320 Map)

54. What is/are the demographic factor(s) of the HDI? (Check all that apply)

Life Expectancy

Infant Mortality Rate

Natural Increase Rate

Crude Birth Rate

Crude Death Rate

Life expectancy is the only value that is inserted to calculate a country's HDI. The others are only used to compare MDCs and LDCs. (Page 299-300)

Explanation

Life expectancy is the only value that is inserted to calculate a country's HDI. The others are only used to compare MDCs and LDCs. (Page 299-300)

55. Western Europeans speak a(n) ______________________ (name of a language family, branch, or group) language and adhere to __________________________. (Place a semicolon (;) and a space between the terms (ex. a; b)) (Capitalization DOES matter)

There is uniformity because the people speak languages from the same language family and adhere to one type of religion, but there are many branches of both. This creates conflict in this region. (Page 302)

Explanation

There is uniformity because the people speak languages from the same language family and adhere to one type of religion, but there are many branches of both. This creates conflict in this region. (Page 302)

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56. What kind of people have been offsetting the cultural uniformity that has been in place since the end of World War 2? (Both are needed, separated by the word "and") (Capitalization does matter)

Western Europeans blame Hindus and Muslims for the economic problems in the region. (Page 302)

Explanation

Western Europeans blame Hindus and Muslims for the economic problems in the region. (Page 302)

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57. What does India provide the most?

Manufactured goods

Services

Food

Textiles

Page 308

Explanation

Page 308

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59. What is the average GDP per capita for LDCs?

Below $1000

About $1000

About $2500

About $4000

About $5000

The average GDP per capita for LDCs is $4000.

Explanation

The average GDP per capita for LDCs is $4000.

60. What is the most populous country in Southeast Asia?

China

India

Indonesia

Vietnam

Thailand

Philippines

Page 307

Explanation

Page 307

61. Countries in which region have accumulated the largest debts, numerically?

Anglo-America

Middle East

Sub-Saharan Africa

Latin America

East Asia

Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina have the largest debts in the world. (Page 320)

Explanation

Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina have the largest debts in the world. (Page 320)

62. What is/are the economic factor(s) of the GEM? (Check all that apply)

Women's income compared to men's income

Percentage of women in managerial jobs

Percentage of women in professional or technical jobs

Percentage of women enrolled in school

Percentage of women in managerial jobs is part of the political factors of the GEM. The percentage of women enrolled in school is not in the GEM. (Page 311-312)

Explanation

Percentage of women in managerial jobs is part of the political factors of the GEM. The percentage of women enrolled in school is not in the GEM. (Page 311-312)

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63. What is/are the political factor(s) of the GEM? (Check all that apply)

Percentage of women in professional jobs

Percentage of women in managerial jobs

Percentage of women literate

Percentage of women elected to public office

Percentage of women in professional jobs is part of the economic factors, and percentage of women literate is not in the GEM. (Page 312-313)

Explanation

Percentage of women in professional jobs is part of the economic factors, and percentage of women literate is not in the GEM. (Page 312-313)

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64. What is/are the social factor(s) of the HDI? (Check all that apply)

Education

Income

Health Expenditure

Literacy

Calorie Intake

Income is an economic factor. Health expenditure and calorie intake are used to compare MDCs and LDCs. (Page 297-298)

Explanation

Income is an economic factor. Health expenditure and calorie intake are used to compare MDCs and LDCs. (Page 297-298)

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65. Japan has a very high ______________________ density. (Capitalization does not matter)

Japan has a very high population to resources ratio. The land is intensely farmed upon. (Page 304)

Explanation

Japan has a very high population to resources ratio. The land is intensely farmed upon. (Page 304)

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66. Technological improvements diffused from _________________ areas to __________________ areas in LDCs. (Put a semicolon (;) and a space between the two words) (Capitalization does not matter)

Technology was used in urban areas of LDCs before they started diffusing to the rural areas. (Page 296)

Explanation

Technology was used in urban areas of LDCs before they started diffusing to the rural areas. (Page 296)

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67. What is/are the main global effect(s) of having a large population working in factories under low wages producing low-cost products? (Check all that apply)

Getting larger populations

Building more factories

Lowering wages

Lowering product costs produced by other factories

Page 305

Explanation

Page 305

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68. What did the Soviets emphasize to the countries in Eastern Europe that could possibly improve development rates? (Check all that apply)

Heavy industry, such as machines

Transportation

Mining and other primary sector jobs

Spread of factories to lessen the vulnerability of vital industries

Locate manufacturing sites near raw materials

Locate manufacturing sites near customers

Give priority to producing customer goods

The Gosplan developed 5-year plans that helped plan each country's road to development and made goals for each country's development. (Page 303)

Explanation

The Gosplan developed 5-year plans that helped plan each country's road to development and made goals for each country's development. (Page 303)

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69. Eastern European countries rejected the Soviet plan because they had experienced central planning before. What did they experience before? (Check all that apply)

Scarce funds were used for long term investments

Eastern Europe did not have efficient agricultural practices

They had to import much food from other regions

The government often checked the factories

The orders sent from the government were often not put into effect

There was much pollution

The government tried to control the pollution, so the factories were not that efficient

Scarce funds were used for short term projects, so there was not enough money to be spent on long term investments such as technology.
The government did not have time to check all of the factories.
The citizens did not try to pressurize their government into controlling the pollution rates.
(Page 303)

Explanation

Scarce funds were used for short term projects, so there was not enough money to be spent on long term investments such as technology.
The government did not have time to check all of the factories.
The citizens did not try to pressurize their government into controlling the pollution rates.
(Page 303)

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70. Match the country to their rank of global economy.

1

2

3

4

Page 305, 308

Explanation

Page 305, 308

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72. What did the UN create that helped create information based on the lack of resources for women in the Middle East? (Acronym and what it stands for; separated by semicolon and space) (Capitalization does matter)

Page 307

Explanation

Page 307

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