ISTQB Sample Mock Test2

In large systems, it is not feasible to run all possible tests due to time and resource constraints. Therefore, only a selected few tests should be executed, focusing on those areas that pose the highest risk to the system. This approach ensures that the most critical functionalities and components are thoroughly tested, reducing the chances of major failures or issues in the system. It is also important to prioritize test cases written by experienced and skilled test engineers, as they are more likely to identify and cover potential risks effectively.

LCSAJ (Linear Code Sequence and Jump) is not a black box technique because it involves analyzing the internal code structure and logic of the software system. Black box testing techniques focus on testing the functionality of the system without considering its internal implementation details. State transition testing, syntax testing, and boundary value analysis are all examples of black box techniques as they solely rely on the input-output behavior of the system without considering its internal workings.

The given answer, CLa01ss, is an invalid equivalence class value because it contains a numeric character (0) which is not allowed in the text box. The question states that the text box only accepts alphabets in lower or upper case, so any value that includes numbers or special characters would be considered invalid.

This answer is correct because independent testers, being separate from the development team, bring a fresh perspective to the testing process. They can identify defects that developers may overlook due to their familiarity with the system. Additionally, independent testers are unbiased as they do not have any personal stake in the success or failure of the software being tested. This allows them to provide objective feedback and ensure that all aspects of the system are thoroughly tested.

The correct answer is i,ii are true and iii,iv are false. When deciding how much testing is enough, it is important to consider the level of risk, including both technical and business product and project risk. Additionally, project constraints such as time and budget should be taken into account. However, the size of the testing team and the size of the development team are not factors that should be considered when determining the amount of testing needed.

The state transition diagram represents the different states that a switch can be in, and the valid transitions between those states. In this case, the switch can transition from OFF to ON, ON to OFF, and FAULT to ON. However, the transition from FAULT to ON is invalid because a switch cannot transition directly from a faulty state to the ON state.

Regression testing is the process of retesting a software program that has already been tested, after modifications have been made. The purpose of regression testing is to ensure that the changes made to the software, either in the program being tested or in related or unrelated software components, have not introduced any new defects or caused any previously fixed defects to reappear. It helps to verify that the existing functionality of the software has not been affected by the changes.

Regression testing should be performed after the software has changed because when changes are made to the software, there is a possibility that existing functionality might be affected or new bugs might be introduced. It is important to verify that the changes have not caused any unintended consequences or regression in the software. Regression testing should also be performed when the environment has changed to ensure that the software still functions correctly in the new environment. Performing regression testing every week or as often as possible may not be necessary or efficient, and relying solely on the project manager's discretion may not be a reliable approach.

Configuration Control refers to the provision and management of a controlled library containing all the configuration items. It involves the process of establishing baselines and controlling changes to these items throughout their lifecycle. By implementing configuration control, organizations can ensure that all configuration items are properly identified, documented, and managed, allowing for better control and coordination of changes. This helps in maintaining the integrity and consistency of the configuration items and facilitates effective configuration management.

The correct answer is i, ii, and iii are correct and iv is incorrect. This is because the exit criteria for a testing phase typically include thoroughness measures such as code coverage, functionality coverage, or risk coverage. It also includes estimates of defect density or reliability measures. Additionally, the exit criteria may consider residual risks such as unfixed defects or lack of test coverage in certain areas. However, verifying the test environment is not typically part of the exit criteria for a testing phase.

Functional system testing is the type of testing that evaluates the end-to-end functionality of the system as a whole. This means that it tests the system's ability to perform all the required functions and processes, ensuring that the system operates as intended and meets the specified requirements. It focuses on verifying that the system functions correctly in real-world scenarios, simulating user interactions and checking if all components work together seamlessly.

Maintenance testing uses Impact Analysis most because it involves testing changes or modifications made to an existing system. Impact Analysis helps in determining the potential effects of these changes on the system as a whole. It helps identify the areas that may be affected by the changes and allows testers to focus their testing efforts on those specific areas. This ensures that the changes do not introduce any unintended side effects and that the system continues to function correctly after the modifications are made.

The correct answer is "Specifications" because test conditions are derived from specifications. Specifications provide detailed information about the requirements and functionality of the system or software being tested. Test conditions are then derived from these specifications to ensure that all the necessary scenarios and conditions are covered during testing. Test cases, test data, and test design are all based on the specifications to ensure that the testing process is comprehensive and aligned with the requirements.

The correct answer is i, ii are true and iii and iv are false. This is because white box testing involves using explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested to select test data, as stated in statement i. It also uses specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs and assumes that the tester knows the path of logic in a unit or a program, as stated in statement ii. However, white box testing does not specifically focus on checking for the performance of the application, as stated in statement iii. It also does not solely check for functionality, as stated in statement iv.

Requirement Analysis is not a phase of the Fundamental Test Process. The Fundamental Test Process consists of the following phases: Test Planning and Control, Test Implementation and Execution, Evaluating Exit Criteria and Reporting. Requirement Analysis, on the other hand, is a separate activity that is performed before the testing process starts. It involves analyzing and understanding the requirements of the software or system being tested in order to develop an effective testing strategy.

The output of requirement analysis and requirement specification is used as input for writing User Acceptance Test Cases. User Acceptance Test Cases are designed to validate whether the system meets the user's requirements and expectations. By using the output of requirement analysis and requirement specification, the User Acceptance Test Cases can be aligned with the specific needs and goals of the user. This ensures that the system is thoroughly tested from the user's perspective and increases the likelihood of delivering a satisfactory product.

Test cases designed by a person from a different organization have the highest level of independence. This is because individuals from different organizations are not directly involved in the development process of the software under test. They have no bias or preconceived notions about the software and can provide a fresh perspective. They are not influenced by the internal workings or constraints of the organization that developed the software, allowing them to approach the testing process objectively and independently.

The correct answer is that Equivalence partitioning, State Transition, and Use Case Testing are black box Testing Techniques. This means that these techniques are used to test the functionality of a system without considering its internal structure or implementation details. Black box testing focuses on the input and output of the system, ensuring that it behaves correctly according to the specified requirements. Equivalence partitioning involves dividing the input data into different classes to select representative test cases, State Transition testing focuses on testing different states and transitions between them, and Use Case Testing involves testing the system's behavior based on different user scenarios or use cases.

The correct answer is ii, iii, and iv are correct and i is incorrect. This is because the success factors for a review include welcoming and expressing defects objectively, having management support for the review process, and emphasizing learning and process improvement. However, each review does not necessarily have a predefined objective, which is why i is incorrect.

The given numbers fall into the same equivalence class because they all have the same tax rates applied to them based on the tax system described. The first £4000 of salary is tax-free for all the numbers. The next £1500 is taxed at 10%, which applies to £5800. The next £28000 is taxed at 22%, which applies to £28000. Any further amount is taxed at 40%, which applies to £32000. Therefore, all the numbers in the group have the same tax rates applied to them, making them fall into the same equivalence class.

Validation helps to check that we have built the right product. It ensures that the product meets the intended requirements and satisfies the needs of the stakeholders. However, it does not directly involve developing the product or monitoring tool wastage and obsoleteness. Additionally, while validation indirectly contributes to checking the quality of the built product, it is not its primary purpose. Therefore, the correct answer is that option ii is true and options i, iii, and iv are false.

Peer reviews are a type of review process where colleagues or peers evaluate and provide feedback on a document, code, or any other work product. This evaluation is done to identify defects, improve quality, and ensure that the work meets the required standards. While inspections, walkthroughs, and formal reviews are also types of review processes, the term "technical review" is often used interchangeably with peer reviews to refer to the same practice. Therefore, peer reviews are also called technical reviews.

The Kick Off phase of a formal review includes explaining the objective. During this phase, the purpose and goals of the review are communicated to all participants. This helps ensure that everyone understands what needs to be achieved and provides a clear direction for the review process. By explaining the objective upfront, it sets the stage for a focused and productive review session.

The correct answer is Test Analysis and Design. This phase involves evaluating the testability of the requirements and the system. During this phase, the test team analyzes the requirements and designs the test cases and test scenarios. They also evaluate the testability of the system by assessing if the requirements are clear, complete, and testable. This phase is crucial in ensuring that the testing process is well-planned and that the test cases cover all the necessary aspects of the system.

The correct answer is i,ii,iii are correct and iv is incorrect. Monitoring the test progress involves tracking various aspects such as the percentage of test case execution, the percentage of work done in test environment preparation, and defect information such as defect density, defects found and fixed. However, the size of the testing team and skills of the engineers do not directly contribute to monitoring the test progress.

The expected result for test case A is to offer an upgrade to Gold because the customer is a Citibank card member and is holding a Silver room. The expected result for test case B is to not offer any upgrade because the customer is not a Citibank member, regardless of the type of room they are holding.

The best definition for testing is executing software for the purpose of finding defects. This means that testing involves running the software and actively looking for any issues or bugs that may be present. The goal of testing is to identify and document these defects so that they can be fixed before the software is released to users. Testing also helps to ensure that the software functions as intended and meets the requirements and expectations set for it.

In order to achieve statement coverage, all the statements in the code need to be executed at least once. In this code, there are a total of 4 statements: Read P, Read Q, Print "Large", and Print "pLarge". The given answer states that statement coverage is 1, which means only one statement is executed. This is because there is no information provided about the execution of the other statements. However, branch coverage is 2 because there are two decision points in the code: the condition "p+q > 100" and the condition "p > 50". These decision points create two possible branches in the code, and the answer correctly identifies the branch coverage as 2.

The major tasks of test planning include determining the scope and risks, identifying the objectives of testing, determining the test approach (techniques, test items, coverage, identifying and interfacing the teams involved in testing, testware), and determining the exit criteria. In this case, options i, ii, and iv are true because they accurately describe the major tasks of test planning. Option iii is false because it states that reviewing the Test Basis is a major task of test planning, which is not mentioned as one of the tasks in the given information.

The correct answer is i,ii,iii are true and iv is false. This is because the selection of a test approach should consider the risk of failure of the project, hazards to the product, and risks of product failure to humans (i). It should also take into account the skills and experience of the people in the proposed technique, tools, and methods (ii). Additionally, the objective of the testing endeavor and the mission of the testing team should be considered (iii). However, the size of the testing team (iv) is not mentioned as a factor to consider in the selection of a test approach.

The Big-bang approach is not a type of incremental testing approach. In incremental testing, the system is tested in small increments or modules, gradually integrating and testing them together. However, the Big-bang approach involves testing the system as a whole, without breaking it down into smaller parts. This approach can be risky as any issues or defects in the system may be difficult to identify and fix. Therefore, Big-bang is not considered as a type of incremental testing approach.

The correct answer is ii, iii & iv are True; i & v are False. This means that statement ii, which states that 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% statement coverage, is true. Additionally, statement iii, which states that 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage, is also true. Finally, statement iv, which states that 100% decision coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage, is true. On the other hand, statement i, which states that 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage, is false. Similarly, statement v, which states that 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage, is also false.

The given answer is correct because static analysis tools can detect various types of defects in code. These include variables that are never used, security vulnerabilities, programming standard violations, and uncalled functions and procedures. Therefore, all options i, ii, iii, and iv are correct.

The correct answer is "Statement coverage is 1" because there is only one statement that is being covered in the given code. The code starts by reading the value of Order-qty and then checks if it is greater than or equal to 20. If it is, then the code sets the value of Disc to 0.05. There are no other statements in the code, so only one statement is covered.

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A Test Lead/Leader is responsible for various tasks in a testing project. The correct answer states that i, ii, and iii are true, while iv is false. This means that a Test Lead/Leader is involved in interacting with the Test Tool Vendor to optimize the use of the test tool, writing Test Summary Reports based on gathered information, and deciding what aspects of testing should be automated and to what extent. However, creating the Test Specifications is not a task assigned to a Test Lead/Leader.

Impact analysis helps to decide the exit criteria for a particular testing phase or project. It determines when to stop testing based on certain predetermined conditions or objectives. By analyzing the impact of changes made to the system, the testing team can determine if sufficient testing has been done and if the exit criteria have been met. It helps in ensuring that the necessary test cases have been executed and the desired level of quality has been achieved before moving to the next phase or releasing the product.

The correct answer is ii , iii are true and i is false. A driver is a software component or program that enables the interaction between the operating system or other software and a specific hardware device. It acts as a translator, allowing the operating system to communicate with the hardware device. A test harness, on the other hand, is a collection of software and test data that is used to test a program or system. It provides a controlled environment for testing and evaluating the functionality of the software. Scaffolding, however, is not another term for a driver.

The correct answer is i, iii, iv are true and ii is false. Test Closure Activities include checking which planned deliverables have been delivered, finalizing and archiving testware, and analyzing lessons. Defect report analysis is not a part of Test Closure Activities.

The correct answer is Test Incident Report. The structure of an incident report is covered in the Standard for Software Test Documentation IEEE 829. This report is used to document any unexpected or abnormal behavior observed during testing. It includes information such as the incident description, steps to reproduce, severity, priority, and the person responsible for resolving the issue. The Test Incident Report helps in tracking and managing the incidents encountered during testing, ensuring that they are properly reported and resolved.