YMCA Level 3 Anatomy And Physiology 300 Question Revision Mock Paper Final Version.

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  • 1/300 Questions

    Which excerise is not used to improve core stability?

    • Bicep curls
    • Prone flying abdominals/plank
    • Supine lying abdominals
    • Four-point balances.
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YMCA Level 3 Anatomy And Physiology 300 Question Revision Mock Paper Final Version. - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    A benefit of core stability training is:

    • Improved balance

    • Increased risk of joint laxity

    • Increased cardiac output

    • Reduced bone density

    Correct Answer
    A. Improved balance
    Explanation
    Core stability training is designed to strengthen the muscles in the abdomen, lower back, and pelvis, which are essential for maintaining proper posture and balance. By improving the strength and stability of these core muscles, individuals are better able to control their body movements and maintain balance, reducing the risk of falls and injuries. Therefore, improved balance is a significant benefit of core stability training.

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  • 3. 

    Which factor does NOT contribute to spinal abnormalities or poor posture

    • Thinking

    • Heredity

    • Lifestyle

    • Ageing

    Correct Answer
    A. Thinking
    Explanation
    Thinking does not contribute to spinal abnormalities or poor posture. While heredity, lifestyle, and aging can all play a role in the development of spinal abnormalities or poor posture, thinking is not a factor that directly affects these conditions. Factors such as genetics, sedentary lifestyle, poor posture habits, and the natural degeneration of the spine with age can all contribute to spinal abnormalities or poor posture. However, thinking alone does not have a direct impact on these conditions.

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  • 4. 

    When performing a Plank which muscles are being worked?

    • • Rectus abdominus • Transversus abdominus • Erector spinae

    • • Soleus • Tibialis Posterior • Flexor Digitorum Longus

    • • Adductor Magnus • Adductor Longus • Adductor Brevis • Pectineus

    • • Gluteus Maximus • Iliopsoas • Gastrocnemius

    Correct Answer
    A. • Rectus abdominus • Transversus abdominus • Erector spinae
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Rectus abdominus, Transversus abdominus, and Erector spinae. These muscles are all involved in stabilizing the core during a Plank exercise. The Rectus abdominus is responsible for flexing the spine, while the Transversus abdominus helps to stabilize the core and maintain proper posture. The Erector spinae muscles run along the spine and help to keep the back straight during the exercise.

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  • 5. 

    Which statement best describes the endocrine system?

    • It is made up of glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate the body

    • It is made up of neurons that transmit information between different parts of the body

    • It is made up of bones which provide support and protection to major organs

    • It is made up of muscles which allow movement of different parts of the body

    Correct Answer
    A. It is made up of glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate the body
    Explanation
    The endocrine system is a collection of glands that produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones act as chemical messengers, traveling throughout the body to regulate various processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Unlike the nervous system, which uses neurons to transmit information, the endocrine system primarily relies on hormones to communicate and coordinate activities within the body. The statement "It is made up of glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate the body" accurately describes the endocrine system.

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  • 6. 

    For clients with mild hypertension, what type of training can lead to a long-term reduction in resting blood pressure? 

    • Cardiovascular

    • Motor skills

    • Flexibility

    • Muscular strength

    Correct Answer
    A. Cardiovascular
    Explanation
    Cardiovascular training can lead to a long-term reduction in resting blood pressure for clients with mild hypertension. This type of training involves activities that increase the heart rate and improve the efficiency of the cardiovascular system, such as aerobic exercises like running, swimming, or cycling. These exercises strengthen the heart muscle, improve blood flow, and reduce the resistance in the blood vessels, resulting in lower resting blood pressure over time.

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  • 7. 

    What is arteriosclerosis?

    • A disease that causes hardening of the arteries

    • A disease that causes rupturing of the arteries

    • A disease that causes softening of the arteries

    • A disease that causes leaking of the arteries

    Correct Answer
    A. A disease that causes hardening of the arteries
    Explanation
    Arteriosclerosis is a disease that causes hardening of the arteries. This condition occurs when the walls of the arteries become thick and stiff, leading to a narrowing of the blood vessels. This can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of various cardiovascular problems, such as heart attack and stroke. The hardening of the arteries is often caused by the buildup of cholesterol and fatty deposits, known as plaque, on the artery walls.

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  • 8. 

    What is the anterior groove  in the wrist and palm called?

    • Carpal Tunnel

    • Meta Tunnel

    • Gliding Tunnel

    • Channel Tunnel

    Correct Answer
    A. Carpal Tunnel
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Carpal Tunnel. The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway in the wrist formed by the carpal bones and the transverse carpal ligament. It houses the median nerve and the tendons that control finger movement. When the median nerve becomes compressed or irritated within this tunnel, it can lead to symptoms such as pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers. This condition is known as carpal tunnel syndrome.

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  • 9. 

    What is the explanation of Medial?

    • Towards the midline of the body

    • Away from the midline of the body

    • At the front of the body

    • On one side of the body

    Correct Answer
    A. Towards the midline of the body
    Explanation
    The term "medial" refers to a position or direction that is towards the midline of the body. This means that it is closer to the center or middle of the body, rather than being away from it. It is important in anatomy and physiology as it helps to describe the relative position of body structures or movements in relation to the midline.

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  • 10. 

    Which muscle does NOT belong to the muscles of the arm

    • Teres Major

    • Tricep Brachii

    • Brachialis

    • Brachioradialis

    Correct Answer
    A. Teres Major
    Explanation
    The Teres Major muscle does not belong to the muscles of the arm. It is actually a muscle of the back. It is located on the posterior aspect of the shoulder and is involved in movements of the shoulder joint. The other muscles listed, Tricep Brachii, Brachialis, and Brachioradialis, are all muscles that are found in the arm and are involved in movements of the elbow joint.

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  • 11. 

    Which joint at the knee allows movement of flexion and extension in the sagittal plane?

    • Hinge joint

    • Ball and socket

    • Gliding Joint

    • Pivot Joint

    Correct Answer
    A. Hinge joint
    Explanation
    The correct answer is hinge joint. The hinge joint at the knee allows movement of flexion and extension in the sagittal plane. This type of joint allows the lower leg to swing forward and backward, similar to the opening and closing of a door. It is a uniaxial joint, meaning it only allows movement along one axis. The other options, such as ball and socket, gliding joint, and pivot joint, do not specifically allow for the flexion and extension movement in the sagittal plane that is characteristic of the knee joint.

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following is an example of a ball and socket joint?

    • Shoulder

    • Wrist

    • Knee

    • Ankle

    Correct Answer
    A. Shoulder
    Explanation
    The shoulder is an example of a ball and socket joint. This type of joint allows for a wide range of motion in multiple directions. The ball-shaped head of the upper arm bone fits into the socket of the shoulder blade, allowing for movements such as rotation, flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. This joint provides stability and mobility, making it suitable for activities that require a wide range of arm movements, such as throwing, reaching, and lifting.

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  • 13. 

    What term means: ‘maintaining balance or returning a system to functioning within its normal range’?

    • Homeostasis

    • Glycolysis

    • Hypertension

    • Metabolism

    Correct Answer
    A. Homeostasis
    Explanation
    Homeostasis refers to the process of maintaining balance or stability within a system, particularly in biological systems. It involves the regulation of various physiological variables such as body temperature, blood pressure, and pH levels, to keep them within a normal range. This allows the body to function optimally and adapt to changes in the internal and external environment. Homeostasis is essential for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, and organs, and disruptions to this balance can lead to various health problems.

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  • 14. 

    Which gland can only produce thyroxine?

    • Thyroid

    • Hypothalamus

    • Parathyroid

    • Pancreas

    Correct Answer
    A. Thyroid
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the thyroid. The thyroid gland is responsible for producing thyroxine, which is a hormone that helps regulate metabolism, growth, and development in the body. The hypothalamus, parathyroid, and pancreas do not exclusively produce thyroxine. The hypothalamus produces hormones that regulate the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, the parathyroid produces parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium levels, and the pancreas produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels.

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  • 15. 

    Which sensory receptor detects changes in temperature?

    • Thermoreceptors

    • Chemoreceptors

    • Baroreceptors

    • Proprioceptors

    Correct Answer
    A. Thermoreceptors
    Explanation
    Thermoreceptors are sensory receptors that detect changes in temperature. They are specialized nerve endings that are sensitive to variations in heat and cold. When the temperature changes, these receptors send signals to the brain, allowing us to perceive and respond to temperature changes in our environment. This enables us to feel sensations such as warmth, coldness, or pain from extreme temperatures. Chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, and proprioceptors are sensory receptors that detect changes in chemical levels, pressure, and body position, respectively.

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  • 16. 

    Which one of these fascia is NOT part of a muscle fibre

    • Petrolmysium

    • Endomysium

    • Epimysium

    • Perimysium

    Correct Answer
    A. Petrolmysium
    Explanation
    Petrolmysium is not part of a muscle fiber. The correct term is "Perimysium," which is the connective tissue that surrounds and separates bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles. Endomysium is the connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers, Epimysium is the connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle, and Petrolmysium is not a recognized term in anatomy.

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  • 17. 

    Plaque deposits on the walls of blood vessels may be decreased by:

    • An improved active lifestyle

    • Genetic factors

    • Reducing consumption of red meat

    • Smoking

    Correct Answer
    A. An improved active lifestyle
    Explanation
    An improved active lifestyle can help decrease plaque deposits on the walls of blood vessels. Regular physical activity can improve blood circulation, lower blood pressure, and reduce cholesterol levels, all of which contribute to reducing plaque buildup. Exercise also helps maintain a healthy weight and prevent obesity, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Additionally, an active lifestyle promotes overall cardiovascular health and reduces the risk of developing conditions that can contribute to plaque formation, such as diabetes and high blood pressure.

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  • 18. 

    Which of the following is a health risk associated with hypertension? 

    • Coronary heart disease

    • Reduced bone density

    • Osteoarthritis

    • Type 1 diabetes

    Correct Answer
    A. Coronary heart disease
    Explanation
    Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition that puts extra strain on the heart and blood vessels. Over time, this can lead to the development of coronary heart disease, which occurs when the blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients become narrowed or blocked. This can result in chest pain, heart attacks, and other serious complications. Therefore, coronary heart disease is a health risk that is associated with hypertension.

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  • 19. 

    What effect will long-term strength training have on type 2 muscle fibres? (

    • Hypertrophy

    • Atrophy

    • Hyperplasia

    • Articulation

    Correct Answer
    A. Hypertrophy
    Explanation
    Long-term strength training will result in hypertrophy of type 2 muscle fibers. Hypertrophy refers to the increase in size and mass of muscle fibers, which occurs as a response to consistent and progressive resistance training. Type 2 muscle fibers are responsible for generating force and power, and they have a greater potential for growth compared to type 1 muscle fibers. Therefore, with sustained strength training, type 2 muscle fibers will adapt and increase in size, leading to improved muscular strength and power.

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  • 20. 

    Which of the following can cause the valsalva effect?

    • Holding breath during exertion

    • Holding breath during relaxation

    • Long duration aerobic training

    • Exercising immediately after a meal

    Correct Answer
    A. Holding breath during exertion
    Explanation
    Holding breath during exertion can cause the valsalva effect. This is because when a person holds their breath while exerting themselves, it increases intra-abdominal pressure. This increased pressure can affect blood flow and cause a temporary decrease in blood flow to the heart. It can also lead to a sudden increase in blood pressure. This can be risky, especially for individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.

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  • 21. 

    Which hormone is NOT produced by the Male/female reproductive system?

    • Growth hormone

    • Testosterone

    • Progesterone

    • Oestrogen

    Correct Answer
    A. Growth hormone
    Explanation
    The male/female reproductive system is responsible for producing hormones directly related to reproduction and sexual characteristics. Growth hormone, on the other hand, is produced by the pituitary gland and is responsible for stimulating growth and cell reproduction in the body. It is not directly produced by the male/female reproductive system.

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  • 22. 

    What is the equation for cardiac output?

    • Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

    • Heart Rate x Tidal Volume

    • Stroke Volume x Residual Volume

    • Heart Rate x Tidal Volume

    Correct Answer
    A. Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
    Explanation
    The equation for cardiac output is the product of stroke volume and heart rate. Cardiac output refers to the amount of blood that is pumped by the heart per minute, and it is influenced by both the volume of blood pumped with each heartbeat (stroke volume) and the number of heartbeats per minute (heart rate). Therefore, multiplying stroke volume by heart rate gives the correct equation for cardiac output.

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  • 23. 

    Complete the sentence? The anaerobic threshold is described as the point at which                .......................................... than it can be cleared.

    • Lactate build-up occurs faster

    • Lactate build-up occurs slower

    • Heat build-up occurs faster

    • Heat build-up occurs slower

    Correct Answer
    A. Lactate build-up occurs faster
    Explanation
    The anaerobic threshold is described as the point at which lactate build-up occurs faster than it can be cleared. This means that during intense exercise, the body's ability to clear lactate, a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism, is exceeded and results in an accumulation of lactate in the muscles and bloodstream. This can lead to fatigue and a decrease in exercise performance.

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  • 24. 

    What statement describes a short term effect of exercise?

    • A increase in systolic blood pressure related to exercise intensity

    • A decrease in stroke volume

    • A increase in systolic blood pressure unrealted to exercise intensity

    • A decrease in systoliic blood pressure

    Correct Answer
    A. A increase in systolic blood pressure related to exercise intensity
    Explanation
    During exercise, the body requires more oxygen and nutrients to meet the increased demand of the muscles. This leads to an increase in heart rate and the force with which the heart pumps blood, resulting in an increase in systolic blood pressure. The intensity of exercise directly affects the extent of this increase in blood pressure. Therefore, the statement "An increase in systolic blood pressure related to exercise intensity" accurately describes a short-term effect of exercise.

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  • 25. 

    Which statement about the ability to maintain a neutral spine is FALSE.

    • To promote DOMS after excerising.

    • Prevention of joint and ligament damage within the vertebral column

    • Performing weight-breaing excerises with biomechanical efficiency

    • The transmission of stressors through the pelvis, caused by impact.

    Correct Answer
    A. To promote DOMS after excerising.
    Explanation
    The ability to maintain a neutral spine is not related to promoting DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness) after exercising. DOMS is a normal response to intense exercise and is caused by microscopic damage to muscle fibers, not by maintaining a neutral spine. The other statements are all true. Maintaining a neutral spine helps prevent joint and ligament damage, allows for performing weight-bearing exercises with biomechanical efficiency, and helps in the transmission of stressors through the pelvis caused by impact.

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  • 26. 

    What is the explanation for superficial (global)

    • Nearest to the surface

    • Towards the midline of the body

    • Away from the midline of the body

    • On one side of the body

    Correct Answer
    A. Nearest to the surface
    Explanation
    The term "superficial" refers to something that is closest to the surface. In the context of the human body, it means that the object or structure being referred to is located near or on the outermost layer of the body. This could be the skin, muscles, or any other tissue that is visible or easily accessible. Therefore, the correct answer is "Nearest to the surface."

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  • 27. 

    What is the explanation for Proximal?

    • Closer to the origin or point of attachment

    • Away from the midline of the body

    • At the front of the body

    • Further away from the surface

    Correct Answer
    A. Closer to the origin or point of attachment
    Explanation
    The term "proximal" refers to a position or location that is closer to the origin or point of attachment. In anatomical terms, it is used to describe structures that are closer to the main body or the point where a limb or organ is attached. This is in contrast to "distal," which refers to a position that is further away from the origin or point of attachment.

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  • 28. 

    Which of the following developmental postural adaptations has the greatest impact upon normal breathing patterns?

    • Kyphosis

    • Flat back

    • Lordosis

    • Scoliosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Kyphosis
    Explanation
    Kyphosis is the excessive curvature of the upper back, causing a hunchback appearance. This postural adaptation can have the greatest impact on normal breathing patterns because it restricts the expansion of the chest and limits the space available for the lungs to inflate fully. This can result in shallow breathing and decreased lung capacity, affecting the efficiency of oxygen exchange in the body.

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  • 29. 

    Which exercise uses movement in the transverse plane?

    • Torso rotation

    • Knee extension

    • Side leg raise

    • Bicep curl

    Correct Answer
    A. Torso rotation
    Explanation
    Torso rotation is the exercise that uses movement in the transverse plane. This exercise involves twisting the upper body from side to side, which engages the muscles in the core and promotes rotation of the spine. The transverse plane is one of the three anatomical planes, and it divides the body into upper and lower halves. In this plane, movement occurs along a horizontal axis, such as twisting or rotating. Therefore, torso rotation is the correct answer as it involves movement in the transverse plane.

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  • 30. 

    Which sentence about pelvic floor benefits is FALSE.

    • Inflexible to counteract changes in abdominal pressure

    • Stability of the pelvic girdle

    • Support for the organs of the pelvis and abdominal contents

    • Continence control of urine and faeces

    Correct Answer
    A. Inflexible to counteract changes in abdominal pressure
    Explanation
    The given sentence "Inflexible to counteract changes in abdominal pressure" is false. The pelvic floor is actually flexible and dynamic, allowing it to adapt and respond to changes in abdominal pressure. It helps in supporting the organs of the pelvis and abdominal contents, maintaining stability of the pelvic girdle, and controlling continence of urine and feces.

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  • 31. 

    What is the function of the spinal cord?

    • To transmit information to the whole body

    • To transmit information to the heart

    • To supply hormones to the whole body

    • To help support the vertebral column

    Correct Answer
    A. To transmit information to the whole body
    Explanation
    The spinal cord serves as a crucial pathway for transmitting information to the entire body. It is responsible for relaying sensory information from the body to the brain and motor signals from the brain to the muscles. This allows for communication between different parts of the body and enables various bodily functions such as movement, reflexes, and coordination.

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  • 32. 

    Which muscle is NOT part of the lower leg​ 

    • Biceps Femoris

    • Tibialis anterior

    • Gastrocnemius

    • Soleus

    Correct Answer
    A. Biceps Femoris
    Explanation
    The biceps femoris is a muscle located in the back of the thigh and is not part of the lower leg. The lower leg consists of muscles such as the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and soleus, which are responsible for movements and functions of the lower leg, such as dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, and calf raises.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following happen during a cardiovascular training session?

    • Stroke volume and cardiac output both increase

    • Stroke volume and cardiac output both decrease

    • Stroke volume increases and cardiac output decreases

    • Stroke volume decreases and cardiac output increases

    Correct Answer
    A. Stroke volume and cardiac output both increase
    Explanation
    During a cardiovascular training session, the body undergoes adaptations to meet the increased demand for oxygen and nutrients. As a result, both stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped by the heart in each beat) and cardiac output (the total amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute) increase. This occurs because the heart becomes more efficient at pumping blood, leading to an increase in the amount of blood ejected with each beat and an overall increase in the amount of blood pumped per minute.

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  • 34. 

    What is the role of a motor unit?

    • To contract a group of muscle fibres in response to a nerve impulse

    • To contract a single muscle in response to a nerve impulse

    • To relax a group of muscle fibres in response to a nerve impulse

    • To relax a single muscle fibre in response to a nerve impulse

    Correct Answer
    A. To contract a group of muscle fibres in response to a nerve impulse
    Explanation
    A motor unit is responsible for coordinating the contraction of a group of muscle fibers in response to a nerve impulse. When the nerve impulse is received, the motor unit activates and stimulates the muscle fibers within its control to contract together, generating a coordinated and synchronized movement. This allows for precise control and efficient muscle function during various activities.

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  • 35. 

    Which of the following is a neuromuscular adaptation associated with training? 

    • Better inter-muscular coordination during movement

    • Reduced frequency of nerve impulses to motor units

    • Increased need for conscious control of movement

    • Unsynchronised recruitment of motor units

    Correct Answer
    A. Better inter-muscular coordination during movement
    Explanation
    Better inter-muscular coordination during movement is a neuromuscular adaptation associated with training. This means that with training, the communication between different muscles becomes more efficient, allowing them to work together more effectively during movement. This can lead to improved overall performance, increased strength, and enhanced motor control.

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  • 36. 

    Which joint movement is responsible for turning the soles of your feet inwards and outwards

    • Inversion and eversion

    • Inversion and Opposition

    • Circumduction and eversion

    • Elevation and depression

    Correct Answer
    A. Inversion and eversion
    Explanation
    Inversion and eversion are the correct joint movements responsible for turning the soles of the feet inwards and outwards. Inversion refers to the movement of the sole of the foot towards the midline of the body, while eversion refers to the movement of the sole of the foot away from the midline. These movements occur at the subtalar joint, which is located between the talus bone and the calcaneus bone in the foot.

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  • 37. 

    Which exercise occurs in the Sagittal plane?

    • Walking Lunges

    • Lateral raises

    • Standing hip adduction

    • Standing hip abduction

    Correct Answer
    A. Walking Lunges
    Explanation
    Walking lunges occur in the Sagittal plane. In the Sagittal plane, movements occur forward and backward, such as walking or running. Walking lunges involve stepping forward with one leg, bending both knees, and lowering the body into a lunge position. This movement primarily occurs in the Sagittal plane as it involves flexion and extension of the hip and knee joints. Lateral raises, standing hip adduction, and standing hip abduction occur in other planes of motion, such as the Frontal or Transverse planes.

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  • 38. 

    Which activity will predominantly recruit 'slow oxidative' motor units?

    • Walking

    • Jogging

    • Sprinting

    • Jumping

    Correct Answer
    A. Walking
    Explanation
    Walking predominantly recruits 'slow oxidative' motor units because it is a low-intensity, endurance-based activity that requires a sustained contraction of muscles over an extended period. Slow oxidative motor units are specifically designed for endurance activities and are resistant to fatigue. They are responsible for maintaining posture and performing activities that require low levels of force production for a long duration. Walking fits this description as it is a low-intensity activity that can be sustained for a longer period without causing excessive fatigue.

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  • 39. 

    What structures within skeletal muscle tissue bring about contraction?

    • Actin and myosin filaments

    • Epimysium and perimysium

    • Tendon and fascia

    • Regular collagen fibres

    Correct Answer
    A. Actin and myosin filaments
    Explanation
    Actin and myosin filaments are responsible for bringing about contraction within skeletal muscle tissue. These filaments slide past each other during muscle contraction, causing the muscle fibers to shorten and generate force. Actin is a thin filament, while myosin is a thick filament. When the muscle is stimulated, myosin heads attach to actin filaments and pull them inward, resulting in muscle contraction. This interaction between actin and myosin is essential for muscle movement and is a fundamental process in skeletal muscle contraction.

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  • 40. 

    Optimal systolic blood pressure is considered to be

    • 90mmHg

    • 120mmHg

    • 140mmHg

    • 160mmHg

    Correct Answer
    A. 120mmHg
    Explanation
    An optimal systolic blood pressure is considered to be 120mmHg. This value falls within the normal range for blood pressure, indicating that the pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries when the heart beats is at a healthy level. Maintaining a systolic blood pressure of 120mmHg helps to ensure proper blood flow and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Higher values, such as 140mmHg or 160mmHg, may indicate hypertension and can increase the likelihood of heart attacks, strokes, and other complications.

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  • 41. 

    What is residual volume?

    • The amount of air left in the lungs after exhalation

    • The amount of air left in the lungs after inhalation

    • The amount of air left in the lungs after excerising

    • The amount of air left in the lungs after relaxing

    Correct Answer
    A. The amount of air left in the lungs after exhalation
    Explanation
    Residual volume refers to the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a complete exhalation. This volume cannot be expelled from the lungs and is necessary to maintain the structural integrity of the respiratory system. It allows for gas exchange to continue even between breaths and ensures that the lungs do not collapse completely.

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  • 42. 

    What structure does myosin form when interacting with Actin in the sliding filment theory?

    • Cross-bridge attachment

    • Rectangular attachment

    • Triangular attachment

    • Suspension-bridge attachment

    Correct Answer
    A. Cross-bridge attachment
    Explanation
    Myosin forms a cross-bridge attachment when interacting with actin in the sliding filament theory. This refers to the binding of myosin heads to actin filaments, allowing for the sliding motion that leads to muscle contraction. The myosin heads undergo a conformational change, pulling the actin filaments closer together and causing muscle contraction. This cross-bridge attachment is a crucial step in the process of muscle contraction.

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  • 43. 

    Arteriosclerosis can be defined as:

    • Diseases that cause hardening and loss of elasticity in arteries

    • Increased high density lipoprotein levels within the blood

    • Dilation of the aterial walls during aerobic activity

    • Depositing of lipids in the arterial walls

    Correct Answer
    A. Diseases that cause hardening and loss of elasticity in arteries
    Explanation
    Arteriosclerosis refers to a group of diseases that lead to the hardening and loss of elasticity in arteries. This condition occurs when the arterial walls become thick and stiff, making it difficult for blood to flow through them. As a result, the affected arteries may become narrow or completely blocked, leading to various cardiovascular problems such as heart attack or stroke. The deposition of lipids in the arterial walls, known as atherosclerosis, is one of the main causes of arteriosclerosis. Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the blood and dilation of arterial walls during aerobic activity are not accurate definitions of arteriosclerosis.

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  • 44. 

    Where is the heart located?

    • Posterior to (behind) the sternum and just left of centre

    • Posterior to (behind) the sternum and just rightof centre

    • Anterior to (in front of) the sternum and just left of centre

    • Anterior to (in front of) the sternum and just right of centre

    Correct Answer
    A. Posterior to (behind) the sternum and just left of centre
    Explanation
    The heart is located behind the sternum, which is the bone in the center of the chest. It is positioned slightly to the left of the center of the chest, which is why it is described as being "just left of center." Additionally, the term "posterior to" means behind, so the heart is located behind the sternum.

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  • 45. 

    When performing a calf raise which are the two muscles are being used?

    • Gastrocnemius + Soleus

    • Gastrocnemius + Glutemus Maximus

    • Soleus + Tensor fascia latae

    • Gracilis + Pectineus

    Correct Answer
    A. Gastrocnemius + Soleus
    Explanation
    During a calf raise, the two muscles that are being used are the Gastrocnemius and the Soleus. The Gastrocnemius is the larger muscle of the calf and is responsible for the visible bulge in the back of the leg. It helps to flex the foot and assists in knee flexion. The Soleus is a deeper muscle that lies underneath the Gastrocnemius. It also helps to flex the foot and stabilize the ankle joint. Both of these muscles work together to provide the power and control needed for a calf raise exercise.

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  • 46. 

    Which of the following best describes onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA)?

    • The intensity at which lactate is being produced in the muscles faster than it can be cleared

    • The intensity at which lactic acid in the muscles reduces and the aerobic system starts to contribute energy.

    • The intensity at which the lactic acid system provides all of the energy being used.

    • The intensity at which lactate is first produced in the muscles.

    Correct Answer
    A. The intensity at which lactate is being produced in the muscles faster than it can be cleared
    Explanation
    OBLA refers to the intensity at which lactate is being produced in the muscles faster than it can be cleared. This means that the rate of lactate production exceeds the rate at which it is being removed from the muscles. This occurs when the demand for energy during exercise exceeds the capacity of the aerobic system to provide it, leading to an increased reliance on anaerobic metabolism. As a result, lactate accumulates in the muscles, leading to fatigue and a decrease in exercise performance.

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  • 47. 

    Digestive reproductive, respiratory, urinary tracts and blood vessels are made from what type of muscle?

    • Smooth muscle

    • Skeletal muscle

    • Cardiac muscle

    • Non-striated muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Smooth muscle
    Explanation
    Digestive, reproductive, respiratory, urinary tracts, and blood vessels are made from smooth muscle. Smooth muscle is a type of muscle tissue that is involuntary and non-striated. It is found in the walls of these organs and structures, allowing them to contract and relax to facilitate their functions. Unlike skeletal muscle, which is under conscious control, smooth muscle works automatically to regulate various processes in the body, such as digestion, circulation, and urine flow. Cardiac muscle, on the other hand, is specific to the heart and is responsible for its contractions.

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  • 48. 

    What is Hyperplasia?

    • The splitting of individual fibres (cells) to make more fibres (cells)

    • The splitting of individual tendons to make more tendons

    • The splitting of individual arteries to make more arteries

    • The splitting of individual veins to make more veins

    Correct Answer
    A. The splitting of individual fibres (cells) to make more fibres (cells)
    Explanation
    Hyperplasia refers to the process of the splitting of individual fibres (cells) to generate more fibres (cells). This is a mechanism that allows for the growth and increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ. It is a natural process that occurs during development, tissue repair, and in certain pathological conditions. Hyperplasia can contribute to the enlargement of tissues or organs, and it is regulated by various factors including hormones, growth factors, and cellular signaling pathways.

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  • 49. 

    What does abduction movement achieve anatomically?

    • Moves a limb or body part away from the midline

    • Moves a limb or body part towards the midline

    • Moves a joint towards from the midline

    • Moves any part of the body towards the midline

    Correct Answer
    A. Moves a limb or body part away from the midline
    Explanation
    Abduction movement achieves the anatomical movement of moving a limb or body part away from the midline. This means that the limb or body part is being moved away from the center of the body, towards the side. This movement is commonly seen in actions such as spreading the arms or legs apart, or moving the fingers or toes away from each other.

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Stephen Reinbold |PhD (Biological Sciences) |
Biology Instructor
Stephen Reinbold has a PhD in Biological Sciences and a strong passion for teaching. He taught various subjects including General Biology, Environmental Science, Zoology, Genetics, and Anatomy & Physiology at Metropolitan Community College in Kansas City, Missouri, for nearly thirty years. He focused on scientific methodology and student research projects. Now retired, he works part-time as an editor and engages in online activities.

Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Jan 19, 2025 +

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  • Jan 19, 2025
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