YMCA Level 3 Anatomy And Physiology 300 Question Revision Mock Paper Final Version.
Created by Tom Gallivan
UPDATE 23-11-2016: After hitting over 10000 attempts, becoming one of the best new trainers in the united kingdom at worldskills. Enjoy learning level 3 A + P.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What is the function of the spinal cord?
- A.
To transmit information to the whole body
- B.
To transmit information to the heart
- C.
To supply hormones to the whole body
- D.
To help support the vertebral column
Correct Answer
A. To transmit information to the whole bodyExplanation
The spinal cord serves as a crucial pathway for transmitting information to the entire body. It is responsible for relaying sensory information from the body to the brain and motor signals from the brain to the muscles. This allows for communication between different parts of the body and enables various bodily functions such as movement, reflexes, and coordination.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Plaque deposits on the walls of blood vessels may be decreased by:
- A.
An improved active lifestyle
- B.
Genetic factors
- C.
Reducing consumption of red meat
- D.
Smoking
Correct Answer
A. An improved active lifestyleExplanation
An improved active lifestyle can help decrease plaque deposits on the walls of blood vessels. Regular physical activity can improve blood circulation, lower blood pressure, and reduce cholesterol levels, all of which contribute to reducing plaque buildup. Exercise also helps maintain a healthy weight and prevent obesity, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Additionally, an active lifestyle promotes overall cardiovascular health and reduces the risk of developing conditions that can contribute to plaque formation, such as diabetes and high blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which sensory organs register changes in blood pressure?
- A.
Baroreceptors
- B.
Chemoreceptors
- C.
Thermoreceptors
- D.
Bio receptors
Correct Answer
A. BaroreceptorsExplanation
Baroreceptors are sensory organs that detect changes in blood pressure. They are specialized nerve endings found in the walls of blood vessels, particularly in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch. When blood pressure increases or decreases, these receptors send signals to the brain to regulate and maintain blood pressure within a normal range. This helps to ensure proper blood flow to organs and tissues. Chemoreceptors detect changes in chemical composition, thermoreceptors detect changes in temperature, and bio receptors is not a recognized term in relation to sensory organs.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which action is performed by the muscle pictured below?
- A.
Flexion of the knee
- B.
Extension of the knee
- C.
Abduction of the hip
- D.
Adduction of the hip
Correct Answer
A. Flexion of the kneeExplanation
The muscle pictured below is the hamstring muscle group, which includes the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles. These muscles are responsible for flexion of the knee joint. When the hamstring muscles contract, they pull the lower leg towards the back of the thigh, resulting in knee flexion.Rate this question:
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- 5.
How can the vascular system increase blood flow to a specific area of the body?
- A.
By vasodilation of arterioles leading to that area of the body
- B.
By vasoconstriction of the arterioles leading to that area of the body
- C.
By vasodilation of venules leading to that area of the body
- D.
By vasoconstriction of venules leading to that area of the body
Correct Answer
A. By vasodilation of arterioles leading to that area of the bodyExplanation
When the vascular system increases blood flow to a specific area of the body, it does so by vasodilation of arterioles leading to that area. Vasodilation refers to the widening of blood vessels, specifically the arterioles, which are small branches of arteries. This widening allows for increased blood flow and delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the specific area. By contrast, vasoconstriction refers to the narrowing of blood vessels, which would reduce blood flow to the area. Vasodilation of venules or vasoconstriction of venules would not directly affect blood flow to a specific area as much as arterioles would.Rate this question:
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- 6.
What muscle contributes to the extension of the vertebral column?
- A.
Multifidus
- B.
Pectineus
- C.
Quadratus Lumborum
- D.
Longuissimus group
Correct Answer
A. MultifidusExplanation
The muscle that contributes to the extension of the vertebral column is the Multifidus. This muscle is located along the spine and plays a crucial role in maintaining proper posture and stability. It helps to extend and rotate the spine, allowing for movements such as arching the back and twisting the torso. The Multifidus muscle also provides support to the spinal joints and helps to prevent injury during activities that involve bending and lifting.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which muscle helps to maintain a neutral spine position?
- A.
Quadratus lumborum
- B.
Tibialis anterior
- C.
Rectus abdominis
- D.
Transverse Abdominis
Correct Answer
A. Quadratus lumborumExplanation
The quadratus lumborum muscle helps to maintain a neutral spine position. This muscle is located in the lower back and plays a crucial role in stabilizing the lumbar spine. It helps to support the natural curvature of the spine and prevents excessive movement or misalignment. By contracting and working in conjunction with other muscles, the quadratus lumborum helps to maintain proper posture and prevent strain or injuries to the lower back.Rate this question:
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- 8.
If a client with moderate hypertension began regular cardiovascular training, resting and exercising blood pressures can be reduced by:as much as
- A.
Up to 10mmHg
- B.
Up to 5mmHg
- C.
Up to 15mm Hg
- D.
Up to 9mm Hg
Correct Answer
A. Up to 10mmHgExplanation
Regular cardiovascular training has been shown to have a positive impact on blood pressure. It can help to strengthen the heart and improve its ability to pump blood, resulting in lower resting and exercising blood pressures. The reduction in blood pressure can be as much as 10mmHg, which is a significant improvement for a client with moderate hypertension. This reduction in blood pressure can help to decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases and improve overall health.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The ovaries release hormones which can
- A.
Decrease hair growth on the body
- B.
Activate milk production in women who are breast feeding
- C.
Promote bone growth and development
- D.
Stimulate the production of testosterone
Correct Answer
A. Decrease hair growth on the bodyExplanation
The ovaries release hormones, such as estrogen, that can regulate hair growth on the body. Estrogen inhibits the growth of hair in certain areas, resulting in decreased hair growth. This is why women generally have less body hair compared to men.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which statement describes the systolic blood pressure response during exercise?
- A.
It Increases under the influence of the autonomic nervous system
- B.
It Increases under the influence of the somatic nervous system
- C.
It decreases under the influence of the somatic nervous system
- D.
It decreases under the influence of the autonomic nervous system
Correct Answer
A. It Increases under the influence of the autonomic nervous systemExplanation
During exercise, the body requires increased oxygen and nutrients to meet the demands of the muscles. The autonomic nervous system, specifically the sympathetic division, is responsible for activating the "fight or flight" response, which includes increasing heart rate and blood pressure. This increase in blood pressure helps to deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles, ensuring they have enough energy to perform the exercise. Therefore, the systolic blood pressure response during exercise increases under the influence of the autonomic nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following muscles does NOT attach to the ribs and the iliac crest?
- A.
Rectus abdominis
- B.
External obliques
- C.
Transverse absominis
- D.
Internal obliques
Correct Answer
A. Rectus abdominisExplanation
The rectus abdominis is the correct answer because it does not attach to the ribs and the iliac crest. The rectus abdominis is a long, flat muscle that runs vertically along the front of the abdomen. It originates from the pubic symphysis and inserts into the xiphoid process and the costal cartilages of the fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs. However, it does not have any attachment to the iliac crest.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which exercise can help to correct a kyphotic posture?
- A.
Strengthing the lower and middle portion of the trapezius
- B.
Strengthening the pectoralis minor
- C.
Stretching the lumbar multifidus
- D.
Stretching the thoracic portion of the erector spinae
Correct Answer
A. Strengthing the lower and middle portion of the trapeziusExplanation
Strengthening the lower and middle portion of the trapezius can help to correct a kyphotic posture. Kyphotic posture is characterized by a rounded upper back and shoulders that are slouched forward. Strengthening the trapezius muscles, specifically the lower and middle portions, can help to pull the shoulders back and improve posture. These muscles are responsible for retracting and depressing the scapulae, which can counteract the forward rounding of the shoulders. By strengthening the trapezius muscles, individuals can improve their posture and reduce the kyphotic curve in their upper back.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which statement describes dendrites?
- A.
Tree like extensions that receive information
- B.
Tree like extensions that send information to its adjacent cell body.
- C.
An elongated fibre that transmits information
- D.
The gap between the two nerve cells
Correct Answer
A. Tree like extensions that receive informationExplanation
Dendrites are tree-like extensions that receive information. They are part of a neuron's structure and function to receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptors. These signals are then transmitted to the cell body of the neuron. Dendrites play a crucial role in allowing neurons to communicate and process information in the nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 14.
What are the characteristics of Type 2B muscle fibres?
- A.
High force capacity, low mitochondria and low capillary density
- B.
High force capacity, high mitochondria and low capillary density
- C.
High force capacity, low mitochondria and high capillary density
- D.
Low force capacity, high mitochondria and high capillary density
Correct Answer
A. High force capacity, low mitochondria and low capillary densityExplanation
Type 2B muscle fibers are characterized by high force capacity, low mitochondria, and low capillary density. These fibers are responsible for generating quick, powerful bursts of force and are primarily used during activities that require short bursts of intense effort, such as sprinting or weightlifting. The low number of mitochondria in these fibers means they rely heavily on anaerobic metabolism for energy production, which allows for rapid force generation but also leads to fatigue more quickly. The low capillary density further limits the oxygen and nutrient supply to these fibers, contributing to their reliance on anaerobic metabolism.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which one of these is NOT part of the coronary heart system?
- A.
Left coronary artery
- B.
Right coronary artery
- C.
Left anterior descending artery
- D.
Left circumflex artery
Correct Answer
A. Left coronary arteryExplanation
The left coronary artery is not part of the coronary heart system. The coronary heart system consists of the right coronary artery, left anterior descending artery, and left circumflex artery. The left coronary artery is separate from this system and supplies blood to the left side of the heart.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which term is used to describe the middle layer of a muscle?
- A.
Perimysium
- B.
Endomysium
- C.
Epimysium
- D.
Periosteum
Correct Answer
A. PerimysiumExplanation
Perimysium is the correct answer because it refers to the middle layer of a muscle. It surrounds and separates the muscle fibers into bundles called fascicles, providing support and protection to the muscle. The other options, such as endomysium, epimysium, and periosteum, are not specifically related to the middle layer of a muscle.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Complete the sentence? The anaerobic threshold is described as the point at which .......................................... than it can be cleared.
- A.
Lactate build-up occurs faster
- B.
Lactate build-up occurs slower
- C.
Heat build-up occurs faster
- D.
Heat build-up occurs slower
Correct Answer
A. Lactate build-up occurs fasterExplanation
The anaerobic threshold is described as the point at which lactate build-up occurs faster than it can be cleared. This means that during intense exercise, the body's ability to clear lactate, a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism, is exceeded and results in an accumulation of lactate in the muscles and bloodstream. This can lead to fatigue and a decrease in exercise performance.Rate this question:
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- 18.
What statement describes a short term effect of exercise?
- A.
A increase in systolic blood pressure related to exercise intensity
- B.
A decrease in stroke volume
- C.
A increase in systolic blood pressure unrealted to exercise intensity
- D.
A decrease in systoliic blood pressure
Correct Answer
A. A increase in systolic blood pressure related to exercise intensityExplanation
During exercise, the body requires more oxygen and nutrients to meet the increased demand of the muscles. This leads to an increase in heart rate and the force with which the heart pumps blood, resulting in an increase in systolic blood pressure. The intensity of exercise directly affects the extent of this increase in blood pressure. Therefore, the statement "An increase in systolic blood pressure related to exercise intensity" accurately describes a short-term effect of exercise.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What is an alternative term for the semi-lunar valve?
- A.
Aortic valve
- B.
Tricuspid valve
- C.
Bicuspid valve
- D.
Artrioventricular Valves
Correct Answer
A. Aortic valveExplanation
The alternative term for the semi-lunar valve is the Aortic valve. The semi-lunar valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta, and it prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has been pumped out. The Aortic valve is responsible for regulating blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which one of the following valves prevents backflow of blood into the Right ventricle?
- A.
C
- B.
A
- C.
B
- D.
D
Correct Answer
A. CExplanation
Valve C is the correct answer because it refers to the pulmonary valve. The pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Its main function is to prevent the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle. This valve ensures that blood flows in one direction, from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, allowing for efficient oxygenation of the blood in the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which reaction is caused by the release of epinephrine?
- A.
Increased breathing rate
- B.
Increased body fat deposits
- C.
Decreased muscle mass
- D.
Decreased heart rate
Correct Answer
A. Increased breathing rateExplanation
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone released by the body in response to stress or danger. It acts on various organs and tissues to prepare the body for a fight-or-flight response. One of the effects of epinephrine is to increase the breathing rate. This is because epinephrine stimulates the respiratory centers in the brain, leading to an increase in the depth and frequency of breaths. This helps to increase the oxygen supply to the body and prepare it for physical exertion. Therefore, the correct answer is increased breathing rate.Rate this question:
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- 22.
What is pyruvic acid converted to when there is inadequate oxygen?
- A.
Lactic acid
- B.
Creatine Phosphate
- C.
Aednosine Diphosphate
- D.
Carbon Dioxide
Correct Answer
A. Lactic acidExplanation
Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid when there is inadequate oxygen. This process, known as anaerobic glycolysis, occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and helps generate energy in the absence of oxygen. Lactic acid is produced as a byproduct of this process and can accumulate in the muscles, leading to fatigue and muscle soreness.Rate this question:
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- 23.
A benefit of core stability training is:
- A.
Improved balance
- B.
Increased risk of joint laxity
- C.
Increased cardiac output
- D.
Reduced bone density
Correct Answer
A. Improved balanceExplanation
Core stability training is designed to strengthen the muscles in the abdomen, lower back, and pelvis, which are essential for maintaining proper posture and balance. By improving the strength and stability of these core muscles, individuals are better able to control their body movements and maintain balance, reducing the risk of falls and injuries. Therefore, improved balance is a significant benefit of core stability training.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Why is it important to maintain spine alignment when lifting equipment from the floor?
- A.
Reduced stress on ligaments
- B.
Reduced sacral curvature
- C.
Reduced pressure on joints
- D.
Reduced pressure on nerves
Correct Answer
A. Reduced stress on ligamentsExplanation
Maintaining spine alignment when lifting equipment from the floor is important because it reduces stress on the ligaments. When the spine is properly aligned, the weight of the equipment is evenly distributed, preventing excessive strain on the ligaments that support the spine. This reduces the risk of ligament damage and potential injuries.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which statement best describes the endocrine system?
- A.
It is made up of glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate the body
- B.
It is made up of neurons that transmit information between different parts of the body
- C.
It is made up of bones which provide support and protection to major organs
- D.
It is made up of muscles which allow movement of different parts of the body
Correct Answer
A. It is made up of glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate the bodyExplanation
The endocrine system is a collection of glands that produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones act as chemical messengers, traveling throughout the body to regulate various processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Unlike the nervous system, which uses neurons to transmit information, the endocrine system primarily relies on hormones to communicate and coordinate activities within the body. The statement "It is made up of glands which secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate the body" accurately describes the endocrine system.Rate this question:
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- 26.
In which anatomical plane does lordosis occur?
- A.
Sagittal
- B.
Frontal
- C.
Transverse
- D.
Medial
Correct Answer
A. SagittalExplanation
Lordosis refers to the natural curvature of the spine that is present in the sagittal plane. The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves, and lordosis specifically refers to the inward curvature of the spine in the lower back region. This curvature helps to maintain balance and absorb shock during movement. Therefore, the correct answer is Sagittal.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What is the name of the valve that is located between the right ventrcle and right atrium?
- A.
Tricuspid
- B.
Aortic
- C.
Pulmonary
- D.
Bicuspid
Correct Answer
A. TricuspidExplanation
The valve that is located between the right ventricle and right atrium is called the tricuspid valve.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which activity will predominantly recruit 'slow oxidative' motor units?
- A.
Walking
- B.
Jogging
- C.
Sprinting
- D.
Jumping
Correct Answer
A. WalkingExplanation
Walking predominantly recruits 'slow oxidative' motor units because it is a low-intensity, endurance-based activity that requires a sustained contraction of muscles over an extended period. Slow oxidative motor units are specifically designed for endurance activities and are resistant to fatigue. They are responsible for maintaining posture and performing activities that require low levels of force production for a long duration. Walking fits this description as it is a low-intensity activity that can be sustained for a longer period without causing excessive fatigue.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which muscle is NOT part of the lower leg​
- A.
Biceps Femoris
- B.
Tibialis anterior
- C.
Gastrocnemius
- D.
Soleus
Correct Answer
A. Biceps FemorisExplanation
The biceps femoris is a muscle located in the back of the thigh and is not part of the lower leg. The lower leg consists of muscles such as the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and soleus, which are responsible for movements and functions of the lower leg, such as dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, and calf raises.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which statement describes a motor unit?
- A.
A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibres to which it connects
- B.
A motor neuron that transmits information to the central nervous system
- C.
A sensory neuron that detects muscle movement
- D.
A group of muscles working together to create movement
Correct Answer
A. A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibres to which it connectsExplanation
A motor unit refers to a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it connects to. Motor units are responsible for controlling muscle contractions. When the motor neuron receives a signal from the central nervous system, it stimulates all the muscle fibers within its motor unit to contract simultaneously, resulting in coordinated movement.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following would speed up breathing rate?
- A.
Sympathetic action of the autonomic nervous system
- B.
Parasympathetic action of the somatic nervous system
- C.
Sympathetic action of the somatic nervous system
- D.
Parasympathetic action of the autonomic nervous system
Correct Answer
A. Sympathetic action of the autonomic nervous systemExplanation
The sympathetic action of the autonomic nervous system would speed up breathing rate. The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body for action in response to stress or danger. This response includes increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and increasing breathing rate to provide more oxygen to the muscles. Therefore, the sympathetic action of the autonomic nervous system would directly affect the respiratory system and result in an increased breathing rate.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which quadricep muscle crosses two joints?
- A.
Rectus femoris
- B.
Vastus intermedius
- C.
Vastus medialis
- D.
Vastus lateralis
Correct Answer
A. Rectus femorisExplanation
The rectus femoris is the quadricep muscle that crosses two joints, the hip and the knee. It originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine of the pelvis and inserts into the patella and tibial tuberosity. It functions to flex the hip and extend the knee, making it a powerful muscle involved in movements such as walking, running, and jumping. The vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis are also quadricep muscles, but they only cross one joint, the knee.Rate this question:
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- 33.
The structure of collagen fibres in a synovial joint capsule can be described as:
- A.
Dense, elastic, irregular
- B.
Dense, elastic, regular
- C.
Dense, inelastic, irregular
- D.
Dense, inelastic, regular
Correct Answer
A. Dense, elastic, irregularExplanation
The correct answer is "Dense, elastic, irregular." Collagen fibers in a synovial joint capsule are dense, meaning they are closely packed together. They are also elastic, allowing for flexibility and movement in the joint. Lastly, they are irregular in structure, meaning they do not have a consistent or uniform pattern. This irregularity allows for greater strength and resistance to stress in the joint.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which gland labelled below releases hormones that stimulate promotes growth in children and young adults
- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
Correct Answer
A. AExplanation
The gland labelled "a" releases hormones that stimulate growth in children and young adults.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Arteriosclerosis can be defined as:
- A.
Diseases that cause hardening and loss of elasticity in arteries
- B.
Increased high density lipoprotein levels within the blood
- C.
Dilation of the aterial walls during aerobic activity
- D.
Depositing of lipids in the arterial walls
Correct Answer
A. Diseases that cause hardening and loss of elasticity in arteriesExplanation
Arteriosclerosis refers to a group of diseases that lead to the hardening and loss of elasticity in arteries. This condition occurs when the arterial walls become thick and stiff, making it difficult for blood to flow through them. As a result, the affected arteries may become narrow or completely blocked, leading to various cardiovascular problems such as heart attack or stroke. The deposition of lipids in the arterial walls, known as atherosclerosis, is one of the main causes of arteriosclerosis. Increased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the blood and dilation of arterial walls during aerobic activity are not accurate definitions of arteriosclerosis.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is responsible for controlling voluntary muscular activity?
- A.
Somatic system
- B.
Sympathetic system
- C.
Parasympathetic system
- D.
Autonomic system
Correct Answer
A. Somatic systemExplanation
The somatic system of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary muscular activity. This system includes the motor neurons that send signals from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles, allowing us to consciously control our movements. The somatic system is involved in activities such as walking, talking, and writing.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which statement describes the action of supraspinatus?
- A.
Abduction of the shoulder in the frontal plane
- B.
Abduction of the shoulder in the transverse plane
- C.
External rotation of the humerus in the frontal plane
- D.
External rotation of the humerus in the frontal plane
Correct Answer
A. Abduction of the shoulder in the frontal planeExplanation
The supraspinatus muscle is responsible for the abduction of the shoulder in the frontal plane. This means that it is involved in moving the arm away from the body in a sideways motion, such as when raising the arm to the side.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Complete the sentence: The............................stimulates the relaxation of muscle during PNF stretching.
- A.
Golgi tendon organ
- B.
Efferent nerve
- C.
Muscle spindles
- D.
Baroreceptors
Correct Answer
A. Golgi tendon organExplanation
The Golgi tendon organ stimulates the relaxation of muscle during PNF stretching. PNF stretching involves alternating between contracting and relaxing muscles to improve flexibility. The Golgi tendon organ is a sensory receptor located in the tendons that detects changes in tension. When the muscle contracts during PNF stretching, the Golgi tendon organ detects the increased tension and sends inhibitory signals to the muscle, causing it to relax. This allows for a deeper stretch and increased flexibility.Rate this question:
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- 39.
What is the contractile unit of a muscle fibre?
- A.
Sarcomere
- B.
Tendon
- C.
Fascicle
- D.
Endomysium
Correct Answer
A. SarcomereExplanation
The contractile unit of a muscle fiber is called a sarcomere. A sarcomere is the basic functional unit of a muscle and is responsible for muscle contraction. It is composed of overlapping actin and myosin filaments that slide past each other, causing the muscle to contract. The sarcomere is surrounded by structures such as tendons, fascicles, and endomysium, but these are not the contractile units themselves.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Which muscle is involved in hip abduction?
- A.
Piriformis
- B.
Gracilis
- C.
Gastrocnemius
- D.
Pectineus
Correct Answer
A. PiriformisExplanation
The piriformis muscle is involved in hip abduction. Hip abduction refers to the movement of the leg away from the midline of the body. The piriformis muscle is one of the deep muscles located in the buttock region. It originates from the sacrum and attaches to the greater trochanter of the femur. When the piriformis muscle contracts, it helps to move the leg away from the body, allowing for hip abduction.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Which of the following training methods is most effective for improving the efficiency of fat burning pathways?
- A.
Long-duration continuous training
- B.
High-intensity Fartlek training
- C.
Anaerobic interval training
- D.
Short-duration continuous training
Correct Answer
A. Long-duration continuous trainingExplanation
Long-duration continuous training is the most effective training method for improving the efficiency of fat burning pathways. This type of training involves exercising at a moderate intensity for an extended period of time, typically for 30 minutes or more. During long-duration continuous training, the body relies on fat as a primary source of fuel, leading to increased fat burning and improved efficiency of the fat burning pathways. This type of training is often recommended for individuals looking to lose weight or improve their cardiovascular fitness.Rate this question:
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- 42.
What is the function of the semi-lunar valves?
- A.
They prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles
- B.
They prevent backflow of blood into the Atria
- C.
They prevent backflow of blood into the Aorta
- D.
They prevent backflow of blood into the Pulmonary artery
Correct Answer
A. They prevent backflow of blood into the ventriclesExplanation
The semi-lunar valves are located between the ventricles and the major arteries (aorta and pulmonary artery). Their function is to prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles during the relaxation phase of the heart cycle. When the ventricles contract, the semi-lunar valves open, allowing blood to be pumped out into the arteries. When the ventricles relax, these valves close, preventing the blood from flowing back into the ventricles. This ensures a one-way flow of blood, maintaining the efficiency of the heart's pumping action.Rate this question:
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- 43.
When performing a supine leg raise, what muscle is the prime mover?
- A.
Psoas major
- B.
Gluteus maximus
- C.
Vastus medialis
- D.
Rectus abdominis
Correct Answer
A. Psoas majorExplanation
The supine leg raise is a movement that involves lifting the legs while lying on the back. The prime mover muscle responsible for this action is the psoas major. The psoas major is a deep hip flexor muscle that originates from the lumbar spine and inserts into the femur. It plays a key role in flexing the hip joint and lifting the leg towards the torso. Therefore, it is the primary muscle involved in performing a supine leg raise.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Strengthening which muscles can help to correct lordosis?
- A.
Muscles that tilt the pelvis backwards
- B.
Muscles that tilt the pelvis forwards
- C.
Muscles that retract the scapula
- D.
Muscles that protract the scapula
Correct Answer
A. Muscles that tilt the pelvis backwardsExplanation
Lordosis is an excessive inward curvature of the lower back. To correct lordosis, it is important to strengthen the muscles that tilt the pelvis backwards. These muscles include the gluteus maximus, hamstrings, and erector spinae. Strengthening these muscles helps to counteract the excessive forward tilt of the pelvis, which is a common cause of lordosis. By strengthening the muscles that tilt the pelvis backwards, it helps to restore a more neutral alignment of the spine and reduce the excessive curvature.Rate this question:
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- 45.
What effect does atherosclerosis have on blood flow through arteries?
- A.
It increases resistance to blood flow, thus increasing blood pressure
- B.
It decreases resistance to blood flow, thus increasing blood pressure
- C.
It decreases resistance to blood flow, thus decreasing blood pressure
- D.
It increases resistance to blood flow, thus decreasing blood pressure
Correct Answer
A. It increases resistance to blood flow, thus increasing blood pressureExplanation
Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries, causing them to narrow and harden. This narrowing of the arteries increases resistance to blood flow, as the blood has to pass through a smaller space. According to Ohm's law, an increase in resistance leads to an increase in pressure. Therefore, atherosclerosis increases resistance to blood flow, resulting in an increase in blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which of the following developmental postural adaptations has the greatest impact upon normal breathing patterns?
- A.
Kyphosis
- B.
Flat back
- C.
Lordosis
- D.
Scoliosis
Correct Answer
A. KyphosisExplanation
Kyphosis is the excessive curvature of the upper back, causing a hunchback appearance. This postural adaptation can have the greatest impact on normal breathing patterns because it restricts the expansion of the chest and limits the space available for the lungs to inflate fully. This can result in shallow breathing and decreased lung capacity, affecting the efficiency of oxygen exchange in the body.Rate this question:
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- 47.
For clients with mild hypertension, what type of training can lead to a long-term reduction in resting blood pressure?
- A.
Cardiovascular
- B.
Motor skills
- C.
Flexibility
- D.
Muscular strength
Correct Answer
A. CardiovascularExplanation
Cardiovascular training can lead to a long-term reduction in resting blood pressure for clients with mild hypertension. This type of training involves activities that increase the heart rate and improve the efficiency of the cardiovascular system, such as aerobic exercises like running, swimming, or cycling. These exercises strengthen the heart muscle, improve blood flow, and reduce the resistance in the blood vessels, resulting in lower resting blood pressure over time.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Which of the following is a health risk associated with hypertension?
- A.
Coronary heart disease
- B.
Reduced bone density
- C.
Osteoarthritis
- D.
Type 1 diabetes
Correct Answer
A. Coronary heart diseaseExplanation
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition that puts extra strain on the heart and blood vessels. Over time, this can lead to the development of coronary heart disease, which occurs when the blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients become narrowed or blocked. This can result in chest pain, heart attacks, and other serious complications. Therefore, coronary heart disease is a health risk that is associated with hypertension.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Which of the following is the smallest layer of connective tissue within skeletal muscle?
- A.
Epimysium
- B.
Periosteum
- C.
Perimysium
- D.
Endomysium
Correct Answer
D. EndomysiumExplanation
The endomysium is the smallest layer of connective tissue within skeletal muscle. It surrounds individual muscle fibers and provides support and protection to the muscle fibers. The epimysium is the outermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle, while the perimysium surrounds bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles. The periosteum, on the other hand, is a layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Which of the following will result in retraction of the shoulder girdle
- A.
Concentric contraction of the rhomboids
- B.
Eccentric contraction of the rhomboids
- C.
Eccentric contraction of the Pectoralis Major
- D.
Concentric contraction of the Pectoralis Major
Correct Answer
A. Concentric contraction of the rhomboidsExplanation
Concentric contraction of the rhomboids will result in retraction of the shoulder girdle. The rhomboids are a pair of muscles located between the shoulder blades, and their main function is to retract the scapulae, or pull them towards the spine. During a concentric contraction, the muscle fibers of the rhomboids shorten, causing the scapulae to move closer together, resulting in retraction of the shoulder girdle.Rate this question:
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