Intracranial Hemorrhage Quiz

loss of balance and or walking= ataxia

Epidural bleeds are caused by a tear in the meningeal artery. The meningeal artery is a branch of the middle meningeal artery, which runs between the skull and the dura mater (the outermost layer of the meninges). When this artery is torn, blood can accumulate between the dura mater and the skull, causing an epidural bleed. This type of bleed is typically associated with head trauma, such as a skull fracture, which can damage the meningeal artery and lead to bleeding.

The brainstem is a crucial part of the brain that connects the spinal cord to the higher brain regions. It consists of three main parts: the midbrain, pons, and medulla. These structures are responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The Reticular Activating System (RAS) is also located within the brainstem and plays a key role in controlling wakefulness and consciousness. Therefore, the correct answer includes the midbrain, pons, medulla, and RAS as they are all components of the brainstem.

The correct answer is posterior cerebral. A stroke in the posterior cerebral artery can cause contralateral loss of visual field and cortical blindness. The posterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the occipital lobe, which is responsible for processing visual information. Therefore, a stroke in this artery can lead to visual field deficits and cortical blindness on the opposite side of the brain from where the stroke occurred.

A thunderclap headache is a sudden and severe headache that reaches its peak intensity within seconds to minutes. It is often described as the worst headache of one's life. This type of headache is a classic symptom of a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which is bleeding in the space between the brain and the thin tissues that cover it. The bleeding can be caused by a ruptured aneurysm or other conditions that weaken the blood vessels in the brain. Prompt medical attention is necessary for diagnosis and treatment of a subarachnoid hemorrhage, as it can be life-threatening.

The given symptoms of opposite hemiparesis of arm/face, UMN signs, and aphasia are indicative of a middle cerebral stroke. The middle cerebral artery supplies blood to a large portion of the brain, including areas responsible for motor control and language. When this artery is affected by a stroke, it can lead to weakness or paralysis on one side of the body (opposite hemiparesis), as well as difficulty speaking or understanding language (aphasia). These symptoms are consistent with a middle cerebral stroke.

The sensory speech, also known as Broca's area, is typically located on the left side of the brain. This area is responsible for the production of speech and language comprehension. It is commonly found in the frontal lobe, specifically in the posterior part of the frontal gyrus. Damage to Broca's area can result in difficulties in speech production, such as slow and laborious speech or difficulty finding the right words to express oneself.

The middle cerebral artery is the most likely explanation for the stroke that appears with aphasia and opposite hemiparesis of the arm/face. The middle cerebral artery supplies blood to the lateral surface of the brain, including areas responsible for language production and motor control of the face and arm. Therefore, a stroke in this artery can result in aphasia (difficulty with language) and hemiparesis (weakness) on the opposite side of the body.

The Circle of Willis is a circular network of arteries located at the base of the brain. It is responsible for supplying blood to the brain and surrounding structures. The internal carotid artery is one of the main arteries that branches off from the common carotid artery and provides blood supply to the brain. Therefore, it is correct to say that the Circle of Willis comes off of the internal carotid artery.

A left middle cerebral artery stroke can cause various neurological symptoms due to the interruption of blood flow to the brain. Facial droop, weak arms, speech slurred, and unbalanced are all commonly associated with this type of stroke. However, blindness is not typically caused by a left middle cerebral artery stroke. This is because the left middle cerebral artery primarily supplies blood to areas of the brain responsible for motor control and language function, rather than vision. Therefore, blindness would not be expected as a direct result of this type of stroke.

Based on the symptoms described, the likely location of the stroke is the middle cerebral artery. The middle cerebral artery supplies blood to a large portion of the brain, including areas responsible for motor control and speech. The patient's left-sided facial droop and garbled speech are consistent with damage to the motor and language centers in the left hemisphere, which are typically supplied by the middle cerebral artery.

A stroke involving vertigo, ataxia (impaired walk), and medulla problems (bad vitals) is likely located in the vertebrobasilar artery. The vertebrobasilar artery supplies blood to the brainstem, including the medulla, which controls vital functions. The symptoms mentioned are associated with dysfunction in this area. The posterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the occipital lobe, which is responsible for vision, and would not cause the mentioned symptoms. The middle cerebral artery supplies blood to the lateral aspects of the cerebral hemispheres, and the anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the medial aspects of the cerebral hemispheres. These areas are not directly related to the symptoms described.

The meningeal artery enters the skull through the foramen spinosum. The foramen spinosum is a small opening located on the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, which is part of the skull. This opening allows the passage of the middle meningeal artery, a branch of the maxillary artery. The middle meningeal artery supplies blood to the meninges, the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.

The correct answer is epidural, subarchnoid, and hemorrhagic CVA. High pressure bleeds refer to conditions that involve bleeding in the brain, which can lead to increased pressure within the skull. Epidural hematoma is a type of bleeding between the skull and the outermost membrane covering the brain. Subarachnoid hemorrhage refers to bleeding in the space between the brain and the thin tissues that cover it. Hemorrhagic CVA, also known as a hemorrhagic stroke, occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures and causes bleeding. These conditions all involve bleeding and can result in increased pressure within the skull.

aphasia= can you receive and understand words or put together speech (show picture of feather say pen). Articulate= say right word but difficult to speak certain words ("baseball player" pronouncing is hard) this is motor speech

The thalamus is responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex, which is the outer layer of the brain responsible for processing sensory input. If a patient is having a stroke but does not feel much, it is likely affecting the thalamus, as this can disrupt the transmission of sensory signals to the cortex. The basal ganglia and cranial nerves are not directly involved in sensory processing, making them less likely to be the cause of reduced sensation in this scenario.

When a stroke occurs in the cerebellum, the symptoms typically appear on the same side of the body. This is because the cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement and balance, and it primarily controls the ipsilateral (same side) motor function. Therefore, damage to the cerebellum will affect the motor function on the same side of the body.

This question is asking for the option that is not involved in epidural bleed. The correct answer is "will show stuff in CSF." Epidural bleed occurs when blood accumulates between the skull and the outermost layer of the brain's covering. It is typically caused by a skull fracture that damages an artery, leading to bleeding. Epidural bleed can be visualized using a CT scan, but it will not show anything in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as CSF is found within the brain and spinal cord, not in the epidural space.

The correct answer is anterior cerebral. Opposite hemiparesis of the leg and upper motor neuron (UMN) signs are indicative of a stroke in the anterior cerebral artery. The anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere, including the leg area of the motor cortex. Therefore, a stroke in this artery can result in weakness or paralysis on the opposite side of the body, specifically affecting the leg. The presence of UMN signs further supports the involvement of the anterior cerebral artery in this case.

there yellow CSF with maybe some WBC lymphocytes of monocytes and RBCs

alcohol increases brain shrinkage which stretches bridging veins. Acting differently= slow onset

Sneezing can cause a subdural bleed. A subdural bleed occurs when blood accumulates between the dura mater (the outermost layer of the brain) and the arachnoid mater (the middle layer of the brain). Sneezing can cause a sudden increase in pressure within the head, which can lead to the rupture of blood vessels and subsequent bleeding in the subdural space. This can be a serious condition that may require medical intervention.