Pharmacokinetics Trivia Questions
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- 1.Which of the following are true. Select all that apply.
- A.
Pharmacokinetics relates dosage regimen and plasma concentration.
- B.
Pharmacodynamics relates plasma concentration and the effect.
- C.
Vd, Cl, and t1/2 are all pharmacodynamic properties.
- 2.Select all of the following that are true regarding tylenol use in alcoholics.
- A.
Alcoholics have overexpression of 1A2.
- B.
Alcoholics have overexpression of 2E1.
- C.
In non-drinkers APAP is metabolized by Phase II.
- D.
NAPQI is a very reactive intermediate that covalently binds to proteins in the liver.
- 3.Compartmental analysis allows for a mathmatical description of plasma concentration vs ______.
- A.
Dose
- B.
Volume of distribution
- C.
Time
- D.
Absorption
- E.
Elimination
- 4.Which is true about men (select all that apply).
- A.
They have more intestinal CYP.
- B.
They have more Pgp.
- C.
They have more TBW, vascular volume, and muscle mass.
- D.
They have higher Vds for hydrophilic drugs.
- E.
They have lower Vds for lipophilic drugs.
- 5.Who has more albumin...men or women?
- A.
Men
- B.
Women
- C.
We're the same
- 6.Compartmental analysis refers to true physiologic compartments.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 7.On a log graph, a 1st order elimination would be linear.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 8.Men generally have greater Cl and a decreased t1/2 for drugs they take compared to women.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 9.On a non-log graph, zero order elimination would be linear.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 10.Recent analysis of data from bioequivilence trials submitted to the FDA show that gender differences could occur in approximately 28% of all drugs. In some cases, drug exposure was 50% greater in women, even when correcting for weight differences.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 11.Which of the following are true about zero order elimination. Select all that apply.
- A.
The zero order rate constant units are AMOUNT/TIME
- B.
It is dependent of drug concentration.
- C.
The zero order rate constant is -k^t
- D.
The zero order rate constant units are ONE/TIME
- 12.Which is true regarding the elderly?
- A.
Absorption is generally delayed
- B.
Gastric emptying rate decreases
- C.
Intestinal blood flow AND intestinal surface area decreases
- D.
Phase II conjugation stays the same, but Phase I decreases
- E.
Total body water and muscle mass decrease, while fat increases
- 13.Phenytoin is an example of zero order elimination.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 14.Albumin does not change in the elderly.
- A.
True, it doesn't.
- B.
False, it increases.
- C.
False, it decreases
- 15.Which is true regarding first order elimination?
- A.
The elimination rate increases with increasing drug plasma levels.
- B.
The units are ONE/TIME
- 16.Saturable kinetics are often associated with metabolizing enzymes.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 17.If an elderly person was to take a basic drug PO...what would happen to it?
- A.
The dissolution rate would increase because gasric pH decreases as you age (gets more acidic)
- B.
The dissolution rate would decrease because gastric pH increases as you age (gets more basic)
- 18.What is the "biggest and most important change in the elderly?"
- A.
Liver blood flow decreases
- B.
Fat increases
- C.
Glomeular filtration rate and renal tubular secretion decreases
- 19.A drug that has entered the extracellular space would most likely have a volume of distribution of...
- A.
5-6 L
- B.
10-20 L
- C.
25-30 L
- D.
40 L
- E.
>200 L
- 20.If the Vd is very small (5 to 6 L), the drug... (select all that apply)
- A.
Is in the extracellular space.
- B.
Is very lipophilic
- C.
Is strongly bound in peripheral tissues
- D.
Is very hydrophilic
- 21.A drug that has reached the intracellular space would have a Vd about...
- A.
5-6 L
- B.
10-20 L
- C.
25-30L
- D.
40L
- 22.A drug that has a very large Vd may be strongly bound to peripheral proteins or be very...
- A.
Hydrophilic
- B.
Lipophilic
- 23.For drugs administered by IV infusion, the time to reach steady state is directly related to ______.
- A.
Absorption
- B.
Dissolution
- C.
Volume of distribution
- D.
Clearance
- E.
Half life
- 24.Total clearance is defined as the fraction of the volume of distribution (Vd) completely cleared of drug per unit time by a process of metabolism and/or excretion.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 25.Clearance is a constant for drugs with linear elimination.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 26.When is the rate in GREATER than the rate out?
- A.
Pre-steady state
- B.
At steady state
- C.
Post-steady state
- 27.To convert amount (X) to concentration (Cp) one uses the ___?
- A.
T1/2
- B.
Log p
- C.
Dose
- D.
Vd
- E.
Clearance
- 28.A drug does not have to be in solution prior to absorption.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 29.Most metabolism occurs in the _______.
- A.
Gut
- B.
Kidney
- C.
Liver
- D.
Periphery
- 30.A drug, given as a solid, encounters several barriers and sites of loss in its sequential moevment during GI asborption. Dissolution, a prerequisite to movement across the gut wall, is the first step.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 31.When pH >>pKa (for acids)...
- A.
Unionized
- B.
Ionized
- 32.A drug needs to be ionized for solubility and permeation through a membrane.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 33.The degree of ionization of a drug molecule can influence many properties including... (Select all that apply)
- A.
Solubility
- B.
Dissolution rate
- 34.The intrinsic solubility of BH+ is greater at...
- A.
A low pH
- B.
A high pH
- 35.When we take meds with a full glass of water, we increase the dissolution by changing what part of the Noyes-Whitney equation?
- A.
D
- B.
S
- C.
C
- D.
Cs
- E.
H
- 36.Which part of the Noyes Whitney equation explains why when we take a tablet with warm water we increase the dissolution?
- A.
D
- B.
S
- C.
Cs
- D.
C
- E.
H
- 37.Which factor in the Noyes Whitney equation can be influenced by pH?
- A.
D
- B.
C
- C.
Cs
- D.
S
- E.
H
- 38.When we stir, we wipe off the diffusion layer.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 39.Food and drink can influence viscosity. When we increase viscosity, we increase dissolution.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 40.Cs stands for...
- A.
The concentration of the solute in the bulk solution at time t
- B.
The concentration of the drug in the diffusion layer (saturated solubility)
- C.
The diffusion coefficient of the solute in solution
- 41.If dissolution occurs much faster than permeation then the overall absorption is considered to be _________.
- A.
Permeation rate limited
- B.
Dissolution rate limited
- 42.Which is more common?
- A.
Permeation rate limited absorption
- B.
Dissolution rate limited absorption
- 43.Drug in solution stays very low in dissolution rate limited absorption.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 44.Effects of delayed drug absoprtion include... (select all that apply)
- A.
Increase AUC
- B.
Decrease AUC
- C.
Increase Cmax
- D.
Decrease Cmax
- E.
Increase Tmax
- F.
Decrease Tmax
- 45.High energy foods, hypertonic solutions, and low pH solutions increase gastric emptying rate.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 46.Which drugs slow gastric emptying rate (select all that apply)?
- A.
Cholinergics
- B.
Atropine
- C.
Narcotics
- D.
Aspirin
- 47.Foods and Drugs that slow gastric emptying are types of physiological reasons of gastric emptying rate decrease, while solubility and dissolution reasons are a physiochemical reason.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 48.If you just took a basic drug and then take a few Tums shortly after that...what will happen to the drug...
- A.
The dissolution will be decreased
- B.
The dissolution will be increased
- C.
Nothing will happen unless the drug is one that complexes with calcium
- 49.The overall effect of delaying drug absorption never has a clinically significant effect.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 50.3 reasons for reduced drug absorption are...
- A.
Drug instability
- B.
Drugs such as anticholingerics and narcotics
- C.
Drug complexation interactions
- D.
Increased viscosity
- E.
Bile acid secretion
- 51.Solid meals ________ viscosity.
- A.
Increase
- B.
Decrease
- 52.Drugs that are typically affected by increased absorption are drugs that have ______.
- A.
Poor bioavailability
- B.
Good bioavailability
- 53.Which of the following statements are true? (Select all that apply)
- A.
You secrete more bile acid in the fasted state than the fed.
- B.
You secrete more bile acid in the fed state than the fasted.
- C.
Bile acid helps solubilize insoluble drugs
- D.
Bile acids help accelerate absorption of cyclosporine.
- E.
Bile acids help solublize hydrophilic drugs.
- 54.Food can increase tablet erosion by increasing surface area.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 55.Warm foods and drinks help increase gastric emptying which accelerates absorption.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 56.Increasing temperature and increasing fluid volume can both accelerate the absorption of drugs because of INCREASING DISSOLUTION RATE and INCREASING GASTRIC EMPTYING.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 57.______ hepatic blood flow decreases first pass metabolism.
- A.
Increasing
- B.
Decreasing
- 58.Eating certain foods can decrease the number of efflux transporters and also compete for transport with drugs.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 59.Green tea and rosemary extract inhibit Pgp.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 60.St Johns Wart ______ Pgp.
- A.
Induces
- B.
Inhibits
- 61.Albumin generally binds basic drugs.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 62.Fatty meals can ______ the concentration of free drugs in the plasma (increasing the Vd).
- A.
Increase
- B.
Decrease
- 63.Malnutrition can ___ the Vd for some drugs.
- A.
Increase
- B.
Decrease
- 64.Charbroiled foods, high protein diets, and cruciferous vegetables all increase oxidative metbaolism.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 65.Charbroiled foods induce CYP_____.
- A.
1A4
- B.
2E1
- C.
1A2
- 66.If a patient ingests a toxic amount of a basic drug, what would you do to the pH of the urine to excrete the drug quickly?
- A.
Decrease the pH
- B.
Increase the pH
- 67.Regarding foods that affect urinary pH, select all of the following that are true...
- A.
Vegetables increase pH.
- B.
Vegetables decrease pH.
- C.
Milk increases pH.
- D.
Milk decreases pH.
- E.
Meat and fish increase pH.
- F.
Meat and fish decrease pH.
- 68.Not getting enough protein does what to your renal blood flow?
- A.
Decrease blood flow, decreasing clearance
- B.
Increase blood flow, increasing clearance
- C.
Decrease blood flow, increasing clearance
- D.
Increase blood flow, decreasing clearance
- 69.A patient is taking an antibiotic that is excreted renally. She wants to know if she can wash it down with alcohol. You tell her.
- A.
Yes, because alcohol decreases renal elimination.
- B.
No, because alcohol decreases elimination.
- C.
Yes, because alcohol increases renal elimination.
- D.
No, because alcohol increases renal elimination.
- 70.Select all of the following that are true regarding tylenol use in alcoholics.
- A.
Alcoholics have overexpression of 1A2.
- B.
Alcoholics have overexpression of 2E1.
- C.
In non-drinkers APAP is metabolized by Phase II.
- D.
NAPQI is a very reactive intermediate that covalently binds to proteins in the liver.
- 71.Which is true about men (select all that apply).
- A.
They have more intestinal CYP.
- B.
They have more Pgp.
- C.
They have more TBW, vascular volume, and muscle mass.
- D.
They have higher Vds for hydrophilic drugs.
- E.
They have lower Vds for lipophilic drugs.
- 72.Who has more albumin...men or women?
- A.
Men
- B.
Women
- C.
We're the same
- 73.Men generally have greater Cl and a decreased t1/2 for drugs they take compared to women.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 74.Recent analysis of data from bioequivilence trials submitted to the FDA show that gender differences could occur in approximately 28% of all drugs. In some cases, drug exposure was 50% greater in women, even when correcting for weight differences.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 75.Which is true regarding the elderly?
- A.
Absorption is generally delayed
- B.
Gastric emptying rate decreases
- C.
Intestinal blood flow AND intestinal surface area decreases
- D.
Phase II conjugation stays the same, but Phase I decreases
- E.
Total body water and muscle mass decrease, while fat increases
- 76.Albumin does not change in the elderly.
- A.
True, it doesn't.
- B.
False, it increases.
- C.
False, it decreases
- 77.If an elderly person was to take a basic drug PO...what would happen to it?
- A.
The dissolution rate would increase because gasric pH decreases as you age (gets more acidic)
- B.
The dissolution rate would decrease because gastric pH increases as you age (gets more basic)
- 78.What is the "biggest and most important change in the elderly?"
- A.
Liver blood flow decreases
- B.
Fat increases
- C.
Glomeular filtration rate and renal tubular secretion decreases
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