Pharmacokinetics Trivia Questions

1. Who has more albumin...men or women?

Men

Women

We're the same

2. Saturable kinetics are often associated with metabolizing enzymes.

True

False

3. Recent analysis of data from bioequivilence trials submitted to the FDA show that gender differences could occur in approximately 28% of all drugs. In some cases, drug exposure was 50% greater in women, even when correcting for weight differences.

True

False

4. Clearance is a constant for drugs with linear elimination.

True

False

5. Total clearance is defined as the fraction of the volume of distribution (Vd) completely cleared of drug per unit time by a process of metabolism and/or excretion.

True

False

6. A drug, given as a solid, encounters several barriers and sites of loss in its sequential moevment during GI asborption. Dissolution, a prerequisite to movement across the gut wall, is the first step.

True

False

7. Recent analysis of data from bioequivilence trials submitted to the FDA show that gender differences could occur in approximately 28% of all drugs. In some cases, drug exposure was 50% greater in women, even when correcting for weight differences.

True

False

8. Albumin does not change in the elderly.

True, it doesn't.

False, it increases.

False, it decreases

9. Charbroiled foods, high protein diets, and cruciferous vegetables all increase oxidative metbaolism.

True

False

10. Increasing temperature and increasing fluid volume can both accelerate the absorption of drugs because of INCREASING DISSOLUTION RATE and INCREASING GASTRIC EMPTYING.

True

False

11. Warm foods and drinks help increase gastric emptying which accelerates absorption.

True

False

12. Most metabolism occurs in the _______.

Gut

Kidney

Liver

Periphery

13. Men generally have greater Cl and a decreased t1/2 for drugs they take compared to women.

True

False

14. Solid meals ________ viscosity.

Increase

Decrease

15. On a non-log graph, zero order elimination would be linear.

True

False

16. Green tea and rosemary extract inhibit Pgp.

True

False

17. Albumin does not change in the elderly.

True, it doesn't.

False, it increases.

False, it decreases

18. Eating certain foods can decrease the number of efflux transporters and also compete for transport with drugs.

True

False

19. On a log graph, a 1st order elimination would be linear.

True

False

20. If an elderly person was to take a basic drug PO...what would happen to it?

The dissolution rate would increase because gasric pH decreases as you age (gets more acidic)

The dissolution rate would decrease because gastric pH increases as you age (gets more basic)

21. The overall effect of delaying drug absorption never has a clinically significant effect.

True

False

It does with verapamil

Explanation

It does with verapamil

22. Food and drink can influence viscosity. When we increase viscosity, we increase dissolution.

True

False

23. Foods and Drugs that slow gastric emptying are types of physiological reasons of gastric emptying rate decrease, while solubility and dissolution reasons are a physiochemical reason.

True

False

24. A drug that has a very large Vd may be strongly bound to peripheral proteins or be very...

Hydrophilic

Lipophilic

25. Drug in solution stays very low in dissolution rate limited absorption.

True

False

26. What is the "biggest and most important change in the elderly?"

Liver blood flow decreases

Fat increases

Glomeular filtration rate and renal tubular secretion decreases

27. If a patient ingests a toxic amount of a basic drug, what would you do to the pH of the urine to excrete the drug quickly?

Decrease the pH

Increase the pH

28. When is the rate in GREATER than the rate out?

Pre-steady state

At steady state

Post-steady state

29. St Johns Wart ______ Pgp.

Induces

Inhibits

30. Men generally have greater Cl and a decreased t1/2 for drugs they take compared to women.

True

False

31. When we stir, we wipe off the diffusion layer.

True

False

32. When pH >>pKa (for acids)...

Unionized

Ionized

33. A drug needs to be ionized for solubility and permeation through a membrane.

True

False

UNIONIZED for permeation

Explanation

UNIONIZED for permeation

34. If dissolution occurs much faster than permeation then the overall absorption is considered to be _________.

Permeation rate limited

Dissolution rate limited

35. Compartmental analysis refers to true physiologic compartments.

True

False

36. The degree of ionization of a drug molecule can influence many properties including... (Select all that apply)

Solubility

Dissolution rate

Submit

37. Food can increase tablet erosion by increasing surface area.

True

False

38. The intrinsic solubility of BH+ is greater at...

A low pH

A high pH

39. A drug does not have to be in solution prior to absorption.

True

False

40. What is the "biggest and most important change in the elderly?"

Liver blood flow decreases

Fat increases

Glomeular filtration rate and renal tubular secretion decreases

41. Not getting enough protein does what to your renal blood flow?

Decrease blood flow, decreasing clearance

Increase blood flow, increasing clearance

Decrease blood flow, increasing clearance

Increase blood flow, decreasing clearance

42. Which is true regarding the elderly?

Absorption is generally delayed

Gastric emptying rate decreases

Intestinal blood flow AND intestinal surface area decreases

Phase II conjugation stays the same, but Phase I decreases

Total body water and muscle mass decrease, while fat increases

Submit

43. Which is more common?

Permeation rate limited absorption

Dissolution rate limited absorption

44. If an elderly person was to take a basic drug PO...what would happen to it?

The dissolution rate would increase because gasric pH decreases as you age (gets more acidic)

The dissolution rate would decrease because gastric pH increases as you age (gets more basic)

45. Albumin generally binds basic drugs.

True

False

46. Compartmental analysis allows for a mathmatical description of plasma concentration vs ______.

Dose

Volume of distribution

Time

Absorption

Elimination

47. Which of the following are true. Select all that apply.

Pharmacokinetics relates dosage regimen and plasma concentration.

Pharmacodynamics relates plasma concentration and the effect.

Vd, Cl, and t1/2 are all pharmacodynamic properties.

Submit

48. To convert amount (X) to concentration (Cp) one uses the ___?

T1/2

Log p

Dose

Vd

Clearance

Cp = X / Vd

Explanation

Cp = X / Vd

49. If you just took a basic drug and then take a few Tums shortly after that...what will happen to the drug...

The dissolution will be decreased

The dissolution will be increased

Nothing will happen unless the drug is one that complexes with calcium

50. ______ hepatic blood flow decreases first pass metabolism.

Increasing

Decreasing

51. Cs stands for...

The concentration of the solute in the bulk solution at time t

The concentration of the drug in the diffusion layer (saturated solubility)

The diffusion coefficient of the solute in solution

52. A drug that has entered the extracellular space would most likely have a volume of distribution of...

5-6 L

10-20 L

25-30 L

40 L

>200 L

53. Who has more albumin...men or women?

Men

Women

We're the same

54. If the Vd is very small (5 to 6 L), the drug... (select all that apply)

Is in the extracellular space.

Is very lipophilic

Is strongly bound in peripheral tissues

Is very hydrophilic

55. Fatty meals can ______ the concentration of free drugs in the plasma (increasing the Vd).

Increase

Decrease

56. Which is true about men (select all that apply).

They have more intestinal CYP.

They have more Pgp.

They have more TBW, vascular volume, and muscle mass.

They have higher Vds for hydrophilic drugs.

They have lower Vds for lipophilic drugs.

Submit

57. A drug that has reached the intracellular space would have a Vd about...

5-6 L

10-20 L

25-30L

40L

58. Malnutrition can ___ the Vd for some drugs.

Increase

Decrease

59. For drugs administered by IV infusion, the time to reach steady state is directly related to ______.

Absorption

Dissolution

Volume of distribution

Clearance

Half life

60. Phenytoin is an example of zero order elimination.

True

False

Phenytoin is Michaelis Menten. Alcohol is an example of zero order kinetics.

Explanation

Phenytoin is Michaelis Menten. Alcohol is an example of zero order kinetics.

61. Drugs that are typically affected by increased absorption are drugs that have ______.

Poor bioavailability

Good bioavailability

62. Which is true regarding the elderly?

Absorption is generally delayed

Gastric emptying rate decreases

Intestinal blood flow AND intestinal surface area decreases

Phase II conjugation stays the same, but Phase I decreases

Total body water and muscle mass decrease, while fat increases

Submit

63. Which is true regarding first order elimination?

The elimination rate increases with increasing drug plasma levels.

The units are ONE/TIME

Submit

64. Which factor in the Noyes Whitney equation can be influenced by pH?

D

C

Cs

S

H

65. When we take meds with a full glass of water, we increase the dissolution by changing what part of the Noyes-Whitney equation?

D

S

C

Cs

H

66. A patient is taking an antibiotic that is excreted renally. She wants to know if she can wash it down with alcohol. You tell her.

Yes, because alcohol decreases renal elimination.

No, because alcohol decreases elimination.

Yes, because alcohol increases renal elimination.

No, because alcohol increases renal elimination.

67. Charbroiled foods induce CYP_____.

1A4

2E1

1A2

68. High energy foods, hypertonic solutions, and low pH solutions increase gastric emptying rate.

True

False

69. Which part of the Noyes Whitney equation explains why when we take a tablet with warm water we increase the dissolution?

D

S

Cs

C

H

D = kT / 6*pi*n*a

Explanation

D = kT / 6*pi*n*a

70. Which of the following are true about zero order elimination. Select all that apply.

The zero order rate constant units are AMOUNT/TIME

It is dependent of drug concentration.

The zero order rate constant is -k^t

The zero order rate constant units are ONE/TIME

Submit

71. Select all of the following that are true regarding tylenol use in alcoholics.

Alcoholics have overexpression of 1A2.

Alcoholics have overexpression of 2E1.

In non-drinkers APAP is metabolized by Phase II.

NAPQI is a very reactive intermediate that covalently binds to proteins in the liver.

Submit

72. 3 reasons for reduced drug absorption are...

Drug instability

Drugs such as anticholingerics and narcotics

Drug complexation interactions

Increased viscosity

Bile acid secretion

Submit

73. Select all of the following that are true regarding tylenol use in alcoholics.

Alcoholics have overexpression of 1A2.

Alcoholics have overexpression of 2E1.

In non-drinkers APAP is metabolized by Phase II.

NAPQI is a very reactive intermediate that covalently binds to proteins in the liver.

Submit

74. Which is true about men (select all that apply).

They have more intestinal CYP.

They have more Pgp.

They have more TBW, vascular volume, and muscle mass.

They have higher Vds for hydrophilic drugs.

They have lower Vds for lipophilic drugs.

Submit

75. Which drugs slow gastric emptying rate (select all that apply)?

Cholinergics

Atropine

Narcotics

Aspirin

Submit

76. Which of the following statements are true? (Select all that apply)

You secrete more bile acid in the fasted state than the fed.

You secrete more bile acid in the fed state than the fasted.

Bile acid helps solubilize insoluble drugs

Bile acids help accelerate absorption of cyclosporine.

Bile acids help solublize hydrophilic drugs.

Submit

77. Regarding foods that affect urinary pH, select all of the following that are true...

Vegetables increase pH.

Vegetables decrease pH.

Milk increases pH.

Milk decreases pH.

Meat and fish increase pH.

Meat and fish decrease pH.

Submit

78. Effects of delayed drug absoprtion include... (select all that apply)

Increase AUC

Decrease AUC

Increase Cmax

Decrease Cmax

Increase Tmax

Decrease Tmax

Submit

Pharmacokinetics Trivia Questions

1. Who has more albumin...men or women?

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Saturable kinetics are often associated with metabolizing enzymes.

3. Recent analysis of data from bioequivilence trials submitted to the FDA show that gender differences could occur in approximately 28% of all drugs. In some cases, drug exposure was 50% greater in women, even when correcting for weight differences.

4. Clearance is a constant for drugs with linear elimination.

5. Total clearance is defined as the fraction of the volume of distribution (Vd) completely cleared of drug per unit time by a process of metabolism and/or excretion.

6. A drug, given as a solid, encounters several barriers and sites of loss in its sequential moevment during GI asborption. Dissolution, a prerequisite to movement across the gut wall, is the first step.

7. Recent analysis of data from bioequivilence trials submitted to the FDA show that gender differences could occur in approximately 28% of all drugs. In some cases, drug exposure was 50% greater in women, even when correcting for weight differences.

8. Albumin does not change in the elderly.

9. Charbroiled foods, high protein diets, and cruciferous vegetables all increase oxidative metbaolism.

10. Increasing temperature and increasing fluid volume can both accelerate the absorption of drugs because of INCREASING DISSOLUTION RATE and INCREASING GASTRIC EMPTYING.

11. Warm foods and drinks help increase gastric emptying which accelerates absorption.

12. Most metabolism occurs in the _______.

13. Men generally have greater Cl and a decreased t1/2 for drugs they take compared to women.

14. Solid meals ________ viscosity.

15. On a non-log graph, zero order elimination would be linear.

16. Green tea and rosemary extract inhibit Pgp.

17. Albumin does not change in the elderly.

18. Eating certain foods can decrease the number of efflux transporters and also compete for transport with drugs.

19. On a log graph, a 1st order elimination would be linear.

20. If an elderly person was to take a basic drug PO...what would happen to it?

21. The overall effect of delaying drug absorption never has a clinically significant effect.

22. Food and drink can influence viscosity. When we increase viscosity, we increase dissolution.

23. Foods and Drugs that slow gastric emptying are types of physiological reasons of gastric emptying rate decrease, while solubility and dissolution reasons are a physiochemical reason.

24. A drug that has a very large Vd may be strongly bound to peripheral proteins or be very...

25. Drug in solution stays very low in dissolution rate limited absorption.

26. What is the "biggest and most important change in the elderly?"

27. If a patient ingests a toxic amount of a basic drug, what would you do to the pH of the urine to excrete the drug quickly?

28. When is the rate in GREATER than the rate out?

29. St Johns Wart ______ Pgp.

30. Men generally have greater Cl and a decreased t1/2 for drugs they take compared to women.

31. When we stir, we wipe off the diffusion layer.

32. When pH >>pKa (for acids)...

33. A drug needs to be ionized for solubility and permeation through a membrane.

34. If dissolution occurs much faster than permeation then the overall absorption is considered to be _________.

35. Compartmental analysis refers to true physiologic compartments.

36. The degree of ionization of a drug molecule can influence many properties including... (Select all that apply)

37. Food can increase tablet erosion by increasing surface area.

38. The intrinsic solubility of BH+ is greater at...

39. A drug does not have to be in solution prior to absorption.

40. What is the "biggest and most important change in the elderly?"

41. Not getting enough protein does what to your renal blood flow?

42. Which is true regarding the elderly?

43. Which is more common?

44. If an elderly person was to take a basic drug PO...what would happen to it?

45. Albumin generally binds basic drugs.

46. Compartmental analysis allows for a mathmatical description of plasma concentration vs ______.

47. Which of the following are true. Select all that apply.

48. To convert amount (X) to concentration (Cp) one uses the ___?

49. If you just took a basic drug and then take a few Tums shortly after that...what will happen to the drug...

50. ______ hepatic blood flow decreases first pass metabolism.

51. Cs stands for...

52. A drug that has entered the extracellular space would most likely have a volume of distribution of...

53. Who has more albumin...men or women?

54. If the Vd is very small (5 to 6 L), the drug... (select all that apply)

55. Fatty meals can ______ the concentration of free drugs in the plasma (increasing the Vd).

56. Which is true about men (select all that apply).

57. A drug that has reached the intracellular space would have a Vd about...

58. Malnutrition can ___ the Vd for some drugs.

59. For drugs administered by IV infusion, the time to reach steady state is directly related to ______.

60. Phenytoin is an example of zero order elimination.

61. Drugs that are typically affected by increased absorption are drugs that have ______.

62. Which is true regarding the elderly?

63. Which is true regarding first order elimination?

64. Which factor in the Noyes Whitney equation can be influenced by pH?

65. When we take meds with a full glass of water, we increase the dissolution by changing what part of the Noyes-Whitney equation?

66. A patient is taking an antibiotic that is excreted renally. She wants to know if she can wash it down with alcohol. You tell her.

67. Charbroiled foods induce CYP_____.

68. High energy foods, hypertonic solutions, and low pH solutions increase gastric emptying rate.

69. Which part of the Noyes Whitney equation explains why when we take a tablet with warm water we increase the dissolution?

70. Which of the following are true about zero order elimination. Select all that apply.

71. Select all of the following that are true regarding tylenol use in alcoholics.

72. 3 reasons for reduced drug absorption are...

73. Select all of the following that are true regarding tylenol use in alcoholics.

74. Which is true about men (select all that apply).

75. Which drugs slow gastric emptying rate (select all that apply)?

76. Which of the following statements are true? (Select all that apply)

77. Regarding foods that affect urinary pH, select all of the following that are true...