CCNA Final Exam Set-2

The prompt "R1#" is associated with the privileged exec mode. This mode allows the user to access all the available commands on the device and make configuration changes. The "#" symbol indicates that the user has administrative privileges and can execute privileged commands.

Instant messaging allows real-time collaboration because it allows users to send and receive messages instantly, facilitating quick and immediate communication between individuals or groups. Unlike other communication tools like email or weblogs, instant messaging provides a platform for instant back-and-forth communication, enabling real-time discussions, file sharing, and even video calls. This makes it an effective tool for collaboration, especially in situations where quick decision-making and immediate responses are required.

To isolate a routing issue in an internetwork, the device that should be examined is a router. Routers are responsible for directing network traffic between different networks, and if there is a routing issue, it is likely that the problem lies within the router's configuration or functionality. By examining the router, one can identify any misconfigurations or malfunctions that are causing the routing issue and take appropriate actions to resolve it.

The prompt "Switch-6J#" represents the appropriate mode used for the "copy running-config startup-config" command. This prompt indicates that the user is in privileged EXEC mode, which is the mode required to execute this command.

When the nslookup command is issued on a computer, it is used to query the DNS (Domain Name System) service. The nslookup command allows the user to retrieve information about domain names, such as IP addresses associated with a domain name or the mail exchange servers for a domain. Therefore, the correct answer is DNS.

Privileged executive mode is the correct answer because this mode allows access to all router commands and features. When the enable secret command is issued in this mode, it sets a password that is required to enter privileged mode, ensuring user authentication. In contrast, user executive mode only allows access to basic monitoring and troubleshooting commands, global configuration mode is used for configuring global settings, and service-specific configuration mode is used for configuring specific services on the router.

The erase startup-config command clears the configuration file stored in NVRAM (non-volatile random-access memory) of a router. NVRAM is a type of memory that retains its data even when the power is turned off. By erasing the startup-config file in NVRAM, all the configuration settings of the router are reset to their default values. This allows the router to start with a clean slate and removes any previous configurations that may have been causing issues or conflicts.

Router RT_A needs to provide address translation in order to allow Internet access for hosts in this network. Address translation, also known as Network Address Translation (NAT), is a process that allows multiple devices in a network to share a single public IP address. It translates the private IP addresses of the hosts in the network to the public IP address assigned to the router, enabling communication with devices on the Internet. This ensures that the hosts can access the Internet and communicate with external networks while maintaining security and conserving IP addresses.

Using the tracert command at the host will help identify the path between the hosts. The tracert command (traceroute) is a network diagnostic tool that tracks the route taken by packets from the source host to the destination host. It provides a list of all the routers (hops) that the packets pass through, allowing the user to identify the path and any potential issues or delays along the way.

Network layer addressing uses a hierarchical structure, where addresses are divided into network and host portions. This allows for efficient routing and organization of networks. Additionally, network layer addressing uniquely identifies each host, ensuring that there are no duplicate addresses within a network. A portion of the address is also used to identify the network, allowing for proper routing and delivery of data packets.

If a server takes no dedicated role in the network, it implies that it is not acting as a central point of control or authority. In a peer-to-peer network, all devices or nodes have equal roles and can act as both clients and servers. This means that each device can share resources and communicate directly with other devices without the need for a central server. Therefore, the correct answer is peer-to-peer.

The transfer option that should be selected in HyperTerminal is "Capture Text". This option allows the network administrator to save all commands that are issued on the first switch to a text file, which can then be edited. By selecting this option, the administrator can easily transfer the commands to the text file for future reference or troubleshooting purposes.

The given network address is 128.107.0.0 with a subnet mask of 255.255.248.0. This subnet mask allows for 11 bits to be used for host addresses. With 11 bits, there are 2^11 - 2 = 2046 possible host addresses. The subtraction of 2 is because the first address is reserved for the network address and the last address is reserved for the broadcast address. Therefore, 2046 host addresses may be assigned in this network.

Telnet is the correct answer because it is an application layer protocol that allows administrators to remotely log into a server and control it as if they were physically present. It provides a command-line interface for managing the server, allowing administrators to execute commands and perform administrative tasks from a remote location. Telnet is commonly used for remote administration and troubleshooting purposes.

The correct answer is Bits per second: 9600, Data bits: 8, Parity: None, Stop bits: 1, Flow control: None. This is the default terminal emulation software settings when configuring a Cisco device through a console port.

HyperTerminal and Minicom can be used to accomplish terminal emulation for configuring a router from the CLI through the console port. HyperTerminal is a Windows-based program that allows users to connect to other computers, devices, or network equipment using various communication protocols. It provides a terminal emulation feature that allows users to access the command-line interface (CLI) of a router through the console port. Minicom, on the other hand, is a Linux-based program that also provides terminal emulation capabilities. It allows users to connect to routers and other devices through the console port and access the CLI for configuration purposes.

The correct answer is to issue the "no shutdown" command on interface FastEthernet 0/1. This command will enable the interface and bring it out of the administratively down state, which could be causing the network issue. By enabling the interface, it allows for communication and connectivity to be restored.

The correct answer is that the session will be initiated using TCP, and a three-way handshake must be successfully completed before the session is established. This means that the web browser on host PC1 will send a SYN (synchronize) packet to the web server with the IP address 192.168.1.254/24. The web server will then respond with a SYN-ACK (synchronize-acknowledgment) packet to acknowledge the request. Finally, the web browser will send an ACK (acknowledgment) packet to confirm the establishment of the session. This three-way handshake ensures that both the client and server agree to establish a reliable connection before any data can be exchanged.

The excessive broadcast traffic generated by Interface Fa0/0 on router A will only affect the 192.168.1.200/30 network.

The "copy running-config startup-config" command is used to save the current running configuration of a router to non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), which is a type of memory that retains data even when the router is powered off or restarted. By using this command, the configuration changes made in the running-config are permanently saved in NVRAM, ensuring that the router will boot up with the same configuration in the future. Therefore, the correct answer is that the contents of NVRAM will change.

The correct address that should be pinged from this host to confirm that the router interface is operational is 192.168.254.1. This is because the router LAN interface is typically assigned the first usable IP address in the subnet, which is usually the .1 address. Pinging this address will allow the technician to check if the router interface is responding and functioning properly.

The router uses the network portion of the IP address to determine the path between the source and destination hosts. The network portion of the IP address helps the router identify the network to which the hosts belong. By examining the network portion, the router can make routing decisions and forward the packets to the appropriate network. The host portion of the IP address is used to identify individual hosts within a network, but it does not play a role in determining the path between hosts. The host default gateway address is used by individual hosts to send packets to the router, but it is not used by the router itself to determine the path. The MAC address is used at the data link layer for local network communication and is not relevant for determining the path between hosts on different networks.

The reason Host A and Host B are unable to communicate with each other is that the gateway addresses are network addresses. In order for hosts on different networks to communicate, they need to use the gateway to route the traffic between the networks. However, if the gateway addresses are also network addresses, it means that there is no specific gateway assigned for routing the traffic. As a result, Host A and Host B are unable to establish a connection and communicate with each other.

Well-known services and applications typically use the range of TCP/UDP port numbers from 0 to 1023. These ports are also known as "well-known ports" and are reserved for specific services such as HTTP (port 80), HTTPS (port 443), FTP (port 21), SSH (port 22), and many others. These ports are commonly used by widely recognized protocols and applications, making them easily identifiable and accessible.

The correct answer is 10.0.0.130:80. In this scenario, the web server is located at IP address 10.0.0.130 and is listening on port 80. When Host A requests a web page, it will send the request to the specific IP address and port number combination, which in this case is 10.0.0.130:80. This allows the request to be properly routed to the correct destination on the network.

In a packet-switched data network, sequence numbers are used to reassemble the packets in the correct order at the destination device. Each packet is assigned a unique sequence number, allowing the receiving device to arrange the packets in the correct order based on these numbers. This ensures that the data is reconstructed accurately and in the intended order at the destination device.

At the "Router(config-if)#" mode, the user can configure individual interfaces. This mode allows the user to make specific changes and settings to each interface on the router. It is used to configure parameters such as IP address, subnet mask, and other interface-specific settings. The "config-if" mode is specifically designed for interface configuration, making it the correct task that can be performed at this mode.

The three address ranges that are considered private IP addresses are: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255. These ranges are reserved for use within private networks and are not routable on the internet.

The clock rate command must be configured on a router serial interface when the interface is functioning as a DCE (Data Communications Equipment) device. This command is used to set the clocking rate for the interface, which is necessary for proper communication between the DCE and DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) devices. The DCE device provides clocking for the communication link, so the clock rate command is required to ensure synchronization and proper data transmission.

The valid configuration for Host A is IP address: 192.168.100.20; Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240; Default Gateway: 192.168.100.17. This configuration falls within the same IP subnet as the given IP address and subnet mask, and the default gateway is also within the same subnet. This ensures that Host A can communicate with other devices on the network and access resources outside of its subnet through the default gateway.

The tracert command is used to trace the route that packets take from the source to the destination. In this scenario, PC1 is the source and PC4 is the destination. The tracert packet will travel through the network devices in between. The device that will send a response to the initial tracert packet from PC1 is London. This is because it is the next hop device in the network path towards PC4.

The subnet broadcast address is the highest address in a subnet, which is used to send a broadcast message to all devices within that subnet. In this case, the subnet mask is /26 and /27. The three addresses that represent subnet broadcast addresses are 192.168.4.63, 192.168.4.191, and 192.168.4.95. These addresses have all the host bits set to 1, indicating that they are broadcast addresses within their respective subnets.

The formula shown in the exhibit is "2^n - 2". This formula is used to calculate the number of host addresses in each subnet. Since the network technician wants to calculate the number of host addresses in each subnet of network 192.168.2.0/24, they will use the formula "2^n - 2". In this case, the value of n is 5, which means that the formula will be "2^5 - 2". Hence, the correct answer is 5.

The "enable secret" password is automatically encrypted when it is created. This password is used for securing privileged access to a Cisco device. When the "enable secret" command is used to set a password, the password is automatically encrypted using a strong cryptographic algorithm. This ensures that the password is stored securely in the device's configuration file and cannot be easily deciphered by unauthorized individuals.

The correct answer is 1.MUA 2.SMTP 3.MTA 4.SMTP 5.MTA 6.MDA 7.POP 8.MUA. This answer correctly identifies the components or protocols used at each stage of the diagram. The process starts with the Mail User Agent (MUA) composing the email. The email is then sent to the Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). The MTA then forwards the email to another MTA using SMTP. The email is then received by the Mail Delivery Agent (MDA) and stored. The recipient can access the email using the Post Office Protocol (POP). Finally, the email is retrieved by the MUA for the recipient to read.

The likely cause of the problem is that the subnet mask at the fa0/1 interface of the router is incorrectly entered. This means that the hosts in the Accounts office and the hosts in the Education office are not on the same subnet. As a result, they are unable to communicate with each other.

When the switch receives a frame with the destination MAC address as FFFF.FFFF.FFFF, it recognizes this as a broadcast address. In this case, the switch will forward the frame to all hosts connected to it, except for the host that originally sent the frame (host A). This is because broadcast frames are meant to be received by all hosts on the network.

Layer 3 addressing is required to route packets between two networks. This layer is known as the network layer in the OSI model and is responsible for logical addressing and routing of packets. It uses IP (Internet Protocol) addresses to identify and route packets across different networks. Layer 3 devices, such as routers, use this addressing information to determine the best path for forwarding packets from the source network to the destination network.

The likely cause of the problem is that the default gateway on host A is incorrectly configured. The fact that the technician was able to ping the local gateway successfully indicates that the local network configuration is correct. However, since host A is unable to reach host B on the remote network, it suggests that the issue lies with the default gateway. The default gateway is responsible for routing traffic from the local network to remote networks, so if it is configured incorrectly, host A will not be able to reach host B on the remote network.

A point-to-point logical topology diagram represents a network configuration where each device is connected directly to another device using a dedicated link. This type of diagram is commonly used in telecommunications and computer networks to illustrate connections between devices such as routers, switches, and servers. It shows a direct link between two endpoints without any intermediate devices or connections. This diagram is useful for visualizing the direct communication paths in a network and understanding the flow of data between devices.

A switch should be selected to provide collision free connections to 40 hosts on the LAN. Unlike a hub, a switch can create separate collision domains for each connected device, thereby reducing collisions and improving network performance. A router is used to connect different networks, while a firewall is used for network security. Therefore, a switch is the most suitable device for this scenario.

During the encapsulation process, the PDU (Protocol Data Unit) of the internet layer is a packet. A packet is a unit of data that is transmitted over a network and contains the necessary information for routing and delivery. It includes the data being transmitted along with the necessary header and footer information. The internet layer is responsible for addressing and routing packets across different networks, and the encapsulation process involves adding the necessary headers and trailers to the data to form a packet.

The given configuration entries "line vty 0 3" indicate that there are four Telnet lines (0, 1, 2, and 3) specified for remote access. The "password c13c0" command sets the password for these Telnet lines to "c13c0". The "login" command enables login authentication for these Telnet lines. Therefore, access will be permitted for Telnet using the password "c13c0".

The correct answer is "Serial interface." Serial interfaces are commonly used to connect routers to CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit) for WAN (Wide Area Network) connectivity. CSU/DSU is responsible for converting digital data from the router into a format suitable for transmission over the WAN. By connecting the router to the CSU/DSU via a serial interface, the router can communicate with the CSU/DSU and establish a connection to the WAN.

The destination MAC address of the frame at the time of capture is 0060.7320.D631.

The given exhibit shows a straight-through wiring configuration for a Category 5e cable. This type of wiring is suitable for connecting a switch to a router Ethernet port, as both devices use the same wiring standard. Additionally, this type of cable can also be used to connect dissimilar types of devices, such as a switch to a computer or a router to a server. Therefore, the statements "The cable is suitable for connecting a switch to a router Ethernet port" and "The cable is suitable for connecting dissimilar types of devices" are both true.

In order to deliver an email message from HostB to the email service running on ServerA, Router B uses a Layer 3 network address to route the packet. Layer 3 addresses, such as IP addresses, are used for routing packets across networks. The MAC address is used at the data link layer for communication within a local network. Router A does not forward the packet to Router B, so the statement about using the Layer 4 address is incorrect. The statement about ServerA assigning the message to the email service via a Layer 3 address is not mentioned in the question.

The correct answer states that R1 will forward the packet to its default gateway, which is the next hop router R2. R2 will then forward the packet to the directly connected network 10.1.1.0/24. This means that R1 does not have a specific route in its routing table to the 10.1.1.0/24 network, but it knows that its default gateway is R2. R1 will send the packet to R2, and R2 will know how to reach the destination network since it is directly connected to it. Therefore, the packet will be successfully delivered to host B.

The subnet mask 255.255.252.0 should be used for a Class B network that is divided into subnets and will accommodate between 800 hosts and 1000 hosts. This subnet mask provides a total of 1024 IP addresses, which is sufficient to accommodate the required number of hosts.

The possible cause of the problem is that the interface S0/0/0 on router R1 is configured with an incorrect IP address. This could result in the unsuccessful ping attempt as the routers would not be able to communicate with each other due to the mismatch in IP addresses.