CCNA 4 V6.0 Final Exam Answers 100% Option C

Configuring SSH (Secure Shell) is a secure configuration option for remote access to a network device. SSH provides encrypted communication between the client and the server, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of data transmitted over the network. It also provides authentication mechanisms to verify the identity of the remote user. In contrast, Telnet is an insecure protocol that transmits data in clear text, making it vulnerable to eavesdropping and unauthorized access. Configuring 802.1x is a method for controlling network access, but it is not specifically related to remote access configuration. Configuring an ACL (Access Control List) and applying it to the VTY (Virtual Terminal) lines can provide additional security measures by restricting access to the device, but it does not provide the same level of encryption and authentication as SSH.

LTE, which stands for Long-Term Evolution, is considered a fourth-generation (4G) cellular or mobile wireless standard. It is a high-speed wireless communication technology that provides faster data transfer rates and improved network capacity compared to previous generations. LTE is widely used for mobile communication and internet access, offering enhanced performance and efficiency for various applications.

The commands "encapsulation ppp" and "ppp quality 70" configure a PPP link with a quality threshold of 70 percent. If the link quality drops below this threshold, the PPP link will be closed down.

RADIUS and TACACS+ are the two protocols supported on Cisco devices for AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) communications. RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) is a widely used protocol that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting for remote access users. TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) is another protocol that provides similar functionality but with additional features such as separate authentication and authorization processes. These protocols are used to secure and manage access to network devices and resources.

MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) is a WAN technology that can switch any type of payload based on labels. MPLS uses labels to direct and prioritize network traffic, allowing for efficient and flexible routing of data packets across a network. It is commonly used by service providers to deliver quality of service (QoS) and traffic engineering capabilities to their customers. Unlike other options listed, such as PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network), DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), and T1/E1 (digital transmission technologies), MPLS is specifically designed for label-based switching and routing.

An administrator would use a protocol analyzer to capture packets that are going to and from a particular device. A protocol analyzer is a tool that can monitor and analyze network traffic, allowing the administrator to inspect the packets and gather information about the communication between devices. This tool can help diagnose network issues, troubleshoot problems, and analyze network performance.

Based on the given exhibit, the output suggests that there is a problem with the PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) connection between the two peers. This could be due to misconfiguration or authentication issues in the PPP setup, which has caused the communication failure. The other options such as interface reset, unplugged cable, and improper cable type do not seem to be the cause of the issue based on the given information.

To block packets from host 172.16.0.1 while still permitting all other traffic from the 172.16.0.0 network, the administrator can manually add the new deny statement with a sequence number of 5. This will ensure that the deny statement is placed before any permit statements in the ACL, allowing it to take effect and block packets from the specified host.

A remote access VPN over the Internet would be the best solution for the corporation to provide teleworkers with a secure connection to headquarters. This solution allows teleworkers to securely connect to the corporate network from any location using the Internet. It is easy to set up and cost-effective as it eliminates the need for dedicated leased lines or dial-up connections. Additionally, it provides a secure tunnel for data transmission, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of the information being transmitted.

SPAN stands for Switched Port Analyzer. It is a network monitoring tool that copies traffic from one switch port and sends it to another switch port for analysis. This allows network administrators to monitor and analyze network traffic without interrupting the normal flow of data. SPAN is commonly used for troubleshooting, performance monitoring, and security analysis.

The correct answer is traffic shaping. Traffic shaping is a congestion avoidance technique that controls the rate of outgoing traffic to match the allowed bandwidth. It smooths out traffic bursts and ensures that the network resources are utilized efficiently.

A Trap SNMP message type is used to inform the network management system (NMS) immediately of certain specified events. It allows devices to notify the NMS about any abnormal or critical events that occur in the network, such as system failures, network congestion, or security breaches. The NMS can then take appropriate actions to address these events and ensure the smooth operation of the network.

VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal and is a technology that can be used to create a private WAN (Wide Area Network) via satellite communications. VSAT technology uses satellite dishes and modems to establish a communication link between remote locations and a central hub. This allows for the transmission of data, voice, and video over long distances, making it an ideal solution for creating a private WAN network. VPN, 3G/4G cellular, dialup, and WiMAX are not specifically designed for satellite communications and may not provide the same level of reliability and coverage as VSAT.

When an enterprise's employees become distributed across many branch locations, it becomes necessary to implement a corporate WAN (Wide Area Network). A WAN allows for the connection and communication between these geographically dispersed locations, ensuring that employees can access the necessary resources and collaborate effectively. This is the most suitable circumstance for implementing a corporate WAN as it addresses the need for connectivity and integration across multiple branch locations.

A DS1 line has a data rate of 1.544 Mb/s. Each DS0 channel has a data rate of 64 kb/s. To determine the number of DS0 channels required to produce a DS1 line, we divide the DS1 data rate by the DS0 data rate: 1.544 Mb/s / 64 kb/s = 24. Therefore, 24 DS0 channels are required to produce a 1.544 Mb/s DS1 line.

The command "show ip sla statistics" is used to display the results of the analysis of simulated network traffic on a router. This command provides information about the performance and statistics of the IP Service Level Agreement (SLA) operations, which includes the simulated network traffic monitoring. It allows network administrators to monitor and troubleshoot network performance between the router and a distant network device.

The correct answer is "permit tcp any host 2001:DB8:10:10::100 eq 25". This command entry allows TCP traffic from any host to an SMTP server on network 2001:DB8:10:10::/64. The "any" keyword allows any source IP address, and the "host 2001:DB8:10:10::100" specifies the destination IP address. The "eq 25" indicates that the traffic is for the SMTP service on port 25.

The correct order of the statements for how packets are processed on a router configured with ACLs is C-B-D-A. This means that first, the router checks the packet against the access control lists (ACLs) configured on it (C). Then, it performs the necessary routing functions, such as checking the routing table and making forwarding decisions (B). After that, the router applies any NAT (Network Address Translation) or PAT (Port Address Translation) if necessary (D). Finally, the router forwards the packet to the appropriate outgoing interface (A).

Jitter is the term that describes the condition where voice packets are received in a continuous stream but with varying delays due to network congestion. This variation in delay causes broken conversations, as the packets are not arriving in a consistent and timely manner.

CoS (Class of Service) is the type of QoS marking that is applied to Ethernet frames. CoS is used to prioritize different types of traffic and ensure that high-priority traffic is given preferential treatment in the network. It is commonly used in Ethernet networks to differentiate between different classes of traffic and ensure that critical data, such as voice or video, is given higher priority over less time-sensitive data.

Fog computing is the pillar of the Cisco IoT System that allows data to be analyzed and managed at the location where it is generated. Fog computing refers to the practice of processing and analyzing data at the edge of the network, closer to where the data is generated, rather than sending it to a centralized cloud server. This allows for faster data processing, reduced latency, and improved security and privacy. Fog computing is especially useful in IoT applications where real-time analysis and decision-making are required.

To determine how the change has affected performance and availability on the company intranet, the network administrator should conduct a performance test and compare it with the previously established baseline. This will provide a direct measurement of the intranet's performance before and after the change. By comparing the results, the administrator can identify any improvements or declines in performance and availability. This method is objective and provides quantitative data, making it the most reliable approach to assess the impact of the change.

The exhibit states that host A is having trouble with Internet connectivity, but it has full connectivity to the server farm. This suggests that the issue lies in the network configuration of host A. The other options (incorrect gateway, overlapping network address, incorrect default gateway, incorrect subnet mask) would likely result in a complete loss of connectivity, not just trouble with Internet connectivity. Therefore, the most likely cause of the problem is that host A's network requires Network Address Translation (NAT) in order to access the Internet.

DSL, or Digital Subscriber Line, is a public WAN access technology that utilizes copper telephone lines to provide access to subscribers. It allows for high-speed internet access by transmitting digital data over the existing telephone lines. In this particular scenario, the subscribers are multiplexed into a single T3 link connection, which is a high-speed connection capable of transmitting data at a rate of 44.736 Mbps. DSL is a more advanced and efficient technology compared to dial-up or ISDN, making it the correct answer in this case.

The output of the exhibit shows that there are no matches for line 10 in the ACL. This means that the router has not received any Telnet packets from the specific source IP address (10.35.80.22) that are destined for the specific destination IP address (10.23.77.101). Therefore, the correct answer is that the router has not had any Telnet packets from 10.35.80.22 that are destined for 10.23.77.101.

The correct answer is HDLC because HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control) is a Layer 2 encapsulation protocol used by Cisco routers. HDLC is a synchronous data link layer protocol that provides a reliable and efficient way to transmit data over serial links. It is commonly used for point-to-point connections and is the default encapsulation type for Cisco routers.

ISPs can use CHAP (Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol) to periodically challenge broadband customers over DSL networks with PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). CHAP is a secure authentication protocol that verifies the identity of the customer by exchanging a series of challenge and response packets. It helps in preventing unauthorized access to the network and ensures the security of the connection.

The two commands needed to complete the GRE tunnel configuration on router R1 are "R1(config-if)# tunnel source 209.165.202.129" and "R1(config-if)# tunnel destination 206.165.202.130". These commands specify the source and destination IP addresses for the GRE tunnel.

The only type of ACL available for IPv6 is the named extended ACL. This type of ACL allows for more specific and granular control over network traffic by allowing the user to define a named access control list with specific permit or deny statements. It provides greater flexibility in terms of filtering IPv6 traffic based on various criteria such as source and destination IP addresses, protocols, and port numbers. Named extended ACLs are commonly used in IPv6 networks to enforce security policies and restrict access to specific resources.

VMware ESX/ESXi and Microsoft Hyper-V 2012 are suitable hypervisors to support virtual machines in a data center. VMware ESX/ESXi is a widely used enterprise-level hypervisor that provides robust virtualization capabilities and management features. Microsoft Hyper-V 2012 is also a popular hypervisor that offers virtualization services and is specifically designed for Windows-based environments. Both hypervisors have proven track records in data center environments and are capable of efficiently running virtual machines.

Congestion avoidance tools are used to manage network traffic by controlling the flow of data to prevent congestion. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol that does not have built-in congestion control mechanisms. Unlike TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), which uses congestion avoidance algorithms, UDP does not have the ability to detect or respond to network congestion. Therefore, UDP traffic cannot be effectively managed using congestion avoidance tools.

In the stage of gathering symptoms during the troubleshooting process, ownership would be researched and documented. This is because during this stage, the technician is collecting information about the problem and trying to understand its scope and impact. Researching ownership involves identifying who is responsible for the issue and documenting it for further investigation and resolution.

The SNMP authentication password that must be used by the member of the ADMIN group configured on router R1 is "cisco123456". This can be determined by referring to the exhibit, which does not provide any additional information or context.

DHCP spoofing attacks can be mitigated by implementing DHCP snooping on trusted ports. DHCP snooping is a security feature that prevents unauthorized DHCP servers from providing IP addresses to clients on a network. It works by inspecting DHCP messages and maintaining a binding table of valid IP-MAC address pairs. By enabling DHCP snooping on trusted ports, the network can ensure that only authorized DHCP servers are able to provide IP addresses to clients, thereby preventing spoofing attacks.

The primary difference between a company LAN and the WAN services it uses is that the company must subscribe to an external WAN service provider. This means that the company does not have direct control over its WAN links, unlike its LAN. The LAN may use different network access layer standards, but the WAN will typically use only one standard. Additionally, each LAN has a demarcation point to separate access layer and distribution layer equipment.

LLQ stands for Low Latency Queueing, which is a QoS mechanism that allows delay-sensitive data, such as voice, to be sent first before packets in other queues are sent. This mechanism prioritizes certain types of traffic, like voice, over others to ensure that they are delivered with minimal delay.

A QoS trust boundary is a mechanism that determines which devices within a network trust the marking on packets that enter the network. It helps to ensure that the quality of service (QoS) markings on packets are respected and maintained as they traverse the network. By identifying which devices trust the markings, the trust boundary helps to enforce QoS policies and prioritize traffic accordingly.

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) uses TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) connections to exchange routing updates with neighbors. TCP ensures reliable and ordered delivery of packets between the BGP routers, allowing them to establish a connection and exchange routing information. This ensures that the routing updates are transmitted accurately and efficiently between the BGP routers, enabling them to make informed routing decisions.

Disabling automatic trunking negotiation can help mitigate the threat of VLAN attacks. Trunking allows multiple VLANs to be carried over a single link, but it can also be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access to VLANs. By disabling automatic trunking negotiation, the network administrator can manually configure trunk links, ensuring that only authorized VLANs are allowed on the trunk and preventing attackers from accessing sensitive VLANs.

Cable would be the appropriate broadband solution for the company because it typically offers faster download speeds compared to satellite, DSL, and WiMax. Additionally, cable is often more affordable than satellite and WiMax. While DSL may also provide sufficient download speed, it may not be as cost-effective as cable.

The given answer states that R1 will send system messages of levels 0 (emergencies) to level 4 (warnings) to a server. This is supported by the command "logging trap 4" which sets the logging level to 4, indicating that messages of levels 0 to 4 will be sent to the server. Additionally, the answer mentions that the syslog server has the IPv4 address 192.168.10.10, which is indicated by the command "logging host 192.168.10.10". Therefore, these two statements accurately describe the results of entering the commands.

The problem could be that the ACL is not permitting access by the SNMP manager. This means that the SNMP manager's IP address (172.16.10.1) is not allowed to access the SNMP agent. As a result, the SNMP manager is unable to read configuration variables on the R1 SNMP agent.

A playout delay buffer compensates for jitter in an audio stream by buffering packets and then replaying them outbound in a steady stream. This buffer helps to smooth out any variations in the arrival time of packets, ensuring a consistent and uninterrupted playback of the audio.

WAN technologies provide services at the physical layer and the data link layer of the OSI model. The physical layer is responsible for the transmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium, while the data link layer is responsible for the reliable transfer of data between two nodes on a network. WAN technologies, such as DSL and T1 lines, operate at these layers to establish and maintain connections between geographically separated networks.

A seasoned network administrator is likely to have more experience and knowledge in troubleshooting network issues. They may have encountered similar problems in the past and developed a good intuition for identifying the root cause of the problem. Therefore, a less-structured approach based on an educated guess would be more appropriate for them. They can rely on their expertise and make educated guesses to quickly identify and resolve the issue without following a strict troubleshooting process.

Frame Relay and ATM are both private WAN technologies. Frame Relay is a packet-switching technology that allows multiple virtual circuits to be established over a single physical connection. It is commonly used for connecting LANs in different locations. ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is a cell-switching technology that uses fixed-size cells to transmit data. It is often used for high-speed networking and can support a wide range of traffic types, including voice, video, and data. Both technologies provide secure and reliable connections for transmitting data over wide area networks.

The correct ACL to filter the traffic is access-list 105 permit tcp host 10.0.70.23 host 10.0.54.5 eq 20, access-list 105 permit tcp host 10.0.70.23 host 10.0.54.5 eq 21, access-list 105 permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 host 10.0.54.5 eq www, access-list 105 deny ip any host 10.0.54.5, and access-list 105 permit ip any any. These ACL entries allow FTP traffic from the IP address 10.0.70.23 to the FTP server at 10.0.54.5 on ports 20 and 21, and allow web traffic from any internal IP address to the FTP server on port 80. The ACL is applied outbound on interface gi0/0 of router R1.

RSPAN stands for Remote Switched Port Analyzer. It is a feature that allows the network administrator to monitor traffic on a switch port remotely. In this scenario, the network administrator wants to analyze the unusual traffic being received on a switch port connected to a college classroom computer. By using RSPAN, the administrator can mirror the suspicious traffic to a designated port on the switch, which can then be sent to the college data center for analysis.

The three features of a GRE tunnel are:
1. It creates nonsecure tunnels between remote sites, allowing for the transmission of data between these sites.
2. It transports multiple Layer 3 protocols, enabling communication between different network protocols.
3. It creates additional packet overhead, which refers to the additional information added to the packets for encapsulation and routing purposes.