CCNA 4 V6.0 Final Exam Answers 100% Option B

A T1 line has a bandwidth of 1.544 Mbps. Each DS0 channel has a bandwidth of 64 Kbps. To find the maximum number of DS0 channels, we divide the T1 line bandwidth by the DS0 channel bandwidth: 1.544 Mbps / 64 Kbps = 24. Therefore, the maximum number of DS0 channels in a 1.544 Mbps T1 line is 24.

RADIUS and TACACS+ are the two protocols supported on Cisco devices for AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) communications. RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) is a widely used protocol for network access authentication, while TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) is a more secure and feature-rich protocol for AAA services. Both protocols enable centralized authentication and authorization for network access, ensuring secure and controlled access to Cisco devices.

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The commands "encapsulation ppp" and "ppp quality 70" configure a PPP link. The "ppp quality 70" command sets the threshold for link quality to 70 percent. If the link quality drops below this threshold, the PPP link will be closed down. Therefore, the effect of these commands is that the PPP link will be closed down if the link quality drops below 70 percent.

Level 0 indicates the highest severity level in IOS log messages. The severity levels range from 0 to 7, with level 0 being the most critical. This level is used to indicate emergencies that require immediate attention, such as system crashes or major failures.

Fog computing is the pillar of the Cisco IoT System that allows data to be analyzed and managed at the location where it is generated. Fog computing refers to the practice of processing and analyzing data at the edge of the network, closer to where it is generated, rather than sending it to a centralized cloud server. This allows for faster data processing and reduces the need for constant internet connectivity. Fog computing is especially useful in IoT systems where large amounts of data are generated in real-time and quick analysis is required for immediate decision-making.

An enterprise would decide to implement a corporate WAN when its employees become distributed across many branch locations. This is because a WAN (Wide Area Network) allows for the connection of multiple local area networks (LANs) over a larger geographical area, such as different branch locations. By implementing a corporate WAN, the enterprise can ensure that all of its branch locations are connected and can communicate effectively, enabling seamless collaboration and data sharing between employees in different locations.

In order to share routing information across autonomous systems, a router must use EBGP (External BGP) to establish connections with routers in other autonomous systems. Since there are multiple autonomous systems in the network, at least four routers must use EBGP to ensure routing information is shared across all autonomous systems.

In an IPv6 multirouter environment, the "permit icmp any any nd-na" ACE is automatically added implicitly at the end of an ACL so that two adjacent routers can discover each other. This ACE allows ICMP Neighbor Discovery (ND) messages, specifically Neighbor Advertisement (NA) messages, to pass through the ACL. These messages are crucial for routers to discover and communicate with each other on the network. By permitting this traffic, the ACL ensures proper functioning and connectivity between adjacent routers.

The question is asking which congestion avoidance technique is used when traffic is forwarded out an egress interface with QoS treatment. Among the given options, traffic shaping is the correct answer because it is a technique used to control the rate of outgoing traffic to prevent congestion. It regulates the flow of traffic by delaying or buffering packets to ensure that they are sent at a controlled rate. This helps to prevent network congestion and maintain a consistent level of service.

The correct answer is satellite service and telephone company. These two options are types of WAN providers. Satellite service refers to the use of satellites to provide internet connectivity over a wide area network. Telephone companies, on the other hand, provide WAN services through their infrastructure and telecommunications networks. Both of these options offer connectivity over large geographical areas, making them suitable for WAN services.

A remote access VPN over the Internet is the best solution for providing teleworkers with a secure connection to headquarters. This solution allows teleworkers to securely connect to the corporate network from any location using the Internet. It is easy to set up and cost-effective compared to other options like dial-up or leased line connections. Additionally, a remote access VPN provides encryption and authentication to ensure the security of data transmitted between the teleworkers and headquarters.

An SNMP manager needs to have the host IP address (192.168.0.5) in order to be able to set a parameter on switch ACSw1. The IP address is used to establish a connection between the manager and the switch, enabling the manager to send SNMP commands and modify the switch's configuration. The other options (SNMP string, Inform Request MIB, and authPriv) are not directly related to setting parameters on the switch.

LLQ stands for Low Latency Queuing, which is a QoS mechanism that allows delay-sensitive data, such as voice, to be sent first before packets in other queues are sent. It prioritizes real-time traffic by assigning it to a separate queue with a strict priority scheduling algorithm, ensuring that it is transmitted with minimal delay. This is especially important for applications like voice and video, where any delay can result in poor quality or disruption.

A trust boundary identifies which devices trust the marking on packets that enter a network. This means that when packets cross the trust boundary, the devices within the network will rely on the markings to prioritize and handle the traffic accordingly. The trust boundary serves as a demarcation point that determines which devices within the network will honor the markings and apply the corresponding quality of service (QoS) policies.

The three core components in the Cisco IoT system are fog computing, data analytics, and cyber and physical security. Fog computing refers to the decentralized computing infrastructure that extends the cloud to the edge of the network, enabling faster data processing and reducing latency. Data analytics involves analyzing and interpreting the vast amount of data generated by IoT devices to derive meaningful insights and make informed decisions. Cyber and physical security are crucial components in ensuring the protection of IoT devices, networks, and data from unauthorized access, cyber threats, and physical tampering.

Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services over the internet, allowing users to access and utilize shared resources on demand. This can include storage, processing power, software applications, and more. By providing these resources as a service, users can easily scale up or down based on their needs, without the need for physical infrastructure or hardware. Therefore, the answer "a service that offers on-demand access to shared resources" accurately represents an example of cloud computing.

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Public infrastructure and cellular would meet the requirements of providing constant Internet connectivity to users traveling on the buses. Public infrastructure refers to using the existing public network infrastructure, such as the internet, to provide connectivity. Cellular networks can also be used to provide internet connectivity on the move, as they have wide coverage and can be accessed through mobile devices. Both options would allow the intercity bus company to offer continuous internet access to their passengers.

The wildcard mask that is associated with 128.165.216.0/23 is 0.0.1.255 because the subnet mask for the given IP address 128.165.216.0/23 is 255.255.254.0. In the wildcard mask, the bits with a value of 0 indicate the network portion and the bits with a value of 1 indicate the host portion. Therefore, the wildcard mask is obtained by inverting the subnet mask, resulting in 0.0.1.255.

The error message in the exhibit suggests that there is already an ACE with sequence number 5 in the ACL. To add the new deny ACE, the administrator can manually choose a different sequence number, such as 15, to avoid conflicts with the existing ACE. This will allow the administrator to block packets from host 172.16.0.1 while still permitting all other traffic from the 172.16.0.0 network.

SNMPv3 added encryption and authentication as two features to address the weaknesses of previous versions of SNMP. Encryption ensures that the data transmitted between the SNMP manager and agent is secure and cannot be accessed by unauthorized individuals. Authentication provides a means to verify the identity of the SNMP manager and agent, preventing unauthorized access and ensuring the integrity of the data exchanged. These two features enhance the security and reliability of SNMP communication, addressing the vulnerabilities present in previous versions.

CBWFQ (Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing) is a queuing mechanism that supports user-defined traffic classes. It allows network administrators to classify and prioritize traffic based on specific criteria such as IP addresses, protocols, or port numbers. CBWFQ ensures that each traffic class receives its fair share of bandwidth while also allowing for customization and flexibility in managing network traffic.

The help-desk technician is using the divide-and-conquer troubleshooting method. This method involves breaking down a problem into smaller parts and testing each part individually to identify the cause of the issue. By asking the user to enter the IP address of the web server, the technician is attempting to isolate the problem and determine if it is specific to the web page URL or if it is a broader issue with the web server.

Virtualization helps with disaster recovery within a data center by allowing for flexibility in hardware. In a virtualized environment, virtual machines can be easily migrated and run on different physical servers, regardless of the hardware specifications. This means that in the event of a disaster, such as a hardware failure, the virtual machines can be quickly and easily moved to another server without the need for identical hardware. This improves the overall resilience and availability of the data center, as it reduces the dependency on specific hardware configurations.

In software defined network architecture, the function that is removed from network devices and performed by an SDN controller is the control plane. The control plane is responsible for making decisions about how traffic should be forwarded and for managing the overall behavior of the network. By centralizing the control plane in the SDN controller, network devices can focus solely on forwarding data packets, resulting in more efficient and flexible network management.

SNMP trap messages provide a solution to the main disadvantage of SNMP polling. SNMP polling involves the management system continuously querying the network devices for information, which can be resource-intensive and inefficient. SNMP trap messages, on the other hand, allow network devices to proactively send notifications to the management system when certain events or conditions occur. This reduces the need for continuous polling and improves the efficiency of network management.

A broadband modem is a device that connects a computer or router to a broadband internet service, such as cable or DSL. It is specifically used in WAN environments to establish the connection to the internet. A CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit) is a device used to connect a digital data terminal equipment (DTE) device, such as a router, to a digital circuit, such as a T1 or T3 line. It is also specific to WAN environments and is used to convert the digital data from the DTE device into a format that can be transmitted over the digital circuit.

ATM is less efficient compared to Frame Relay because it uses fixed-sized cells for data transmission, regardless of the size of the data being sent. This can lead to inefficient use of bandwidth, especially for small data packets. Frame Relay, on the other hand, uses variable-sized frames, allowing for more efficient use of bandwidth by adapting the frame size to the size of the data being transmitted.

A DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) is a device that is needed at a central office to aggregate many digital subscriber lines from customers. It is responsible for receiving and transmitting data between the customer's DSL modem and the internet service provider's network. The DSLAM allows multiple customers to share the same physical infrastructure while maintaining their individual connections and providing high-speed internet access.

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The routing table of stub router R1 would include the following entries: "S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Dialer1" which indicates that the default route is pointing to Dialer1 for connectivity to the ISP. Additionally, there would be two subnetted entries for the network 192.168.1.0/32, with the entries "C 192.168.1.1 is directly connected, Dialer1" and "C 192.168.1.2 is directly connected, Dialer1". This indicates that R1 has two directly connected interfaces, Dialer1 and Dialer2, with IP addresses 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.2 respectively.

Standard IPv4 ACLs are configured in the interface configuration mode and can be created with a number but not with a name. However, they only filter traffic based on source IP addresses and not based on source ports.

Port security is an effective security countermeasure for preventing CAM table overflow attacks. Port security allows network administrators to control which devices are allowed to access a network by limiting the number of MAC addresses that can be learned on a specific port. By setting a maximum limit on the number of MAC addresses, port security prevents an attacker from flooding the CAM table with fake MAC addresses, thus mitigating the risk of CAM table overflow attacks.

A Type 1 hypervisor is a bare-metal hypervisor that runs directly on the host hardware, without the need for a host operating system. It is responsible for managing and allocating resources to virtual machines. However, a management console is required to control and monitor the hypervisor, providing features such as virtual machine provisioning, performance monitoring, and resource allocation. Therefore, a management console is a necessary resource for a Type 1 hypervisor.

The technician should restore the previous configuration because the problem was not solved after making the configuration change. Restoring the previous configuration will revert the router back to its previous state and undo any changes that may have caused the problem. This will allow the technician to start troubleshooting from a known working configuration and potentially identify other solutions or steps to take in order to solve the problem.

An attacker would launch a MAC address overflow attack in order to see frames that are destined for other hosts. By overflowing the MAC address table of a switch, the attacker can cause the switch to flood all incoming traffic to all ports, allowing them to intercept and analyze frames that are intended for other hosts on the network. This can enable the attacker to gather sensitive information or launch further attacks.

The "show ppp multilink" command on a Cisco router will display the serial interfaces that are participating in the multilink. This command provides information about the configured multilink bundle and the individual serial interfaces that are part of it. It does not display information about the link LCP and NCP status, queuing type on the link, or the IP addresses of the link interfaces.

PPPoE stands for Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. It is a protocol that allows ISPs (Internet Service Providers) to send PPP frames over DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) networks. PPPoE is commonly used in DSL connections to establish a network connection between the customer's equipment and the ISP's equipment. It encapsulates PPP frames within Ethernet frames, allowing for the transmission of data over DSL networks.

Based on the output, the first statement is correct because the output shows a successful ping to the device at 192.168.100.1, indicating connectivity between the two devices. The second statement cannot be determined from the given output as there is no information about videoconferencing calls. The third statement is correct as the output shows 4 hops between the two devices. The fourth statement cannot be determined from the given output as there is no information about the average transmission time. The fifth statement is incorrect as the output shows a default gateway configured for the host.

MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) is a WAN (Wide Area Network) solution that uses labels to identify the path in sending packets through a provider network. These labels are added to the packets by the routers in the network, allowing for efficient and fast forwarding of data. MPLS is commonly used by service providers to deliver services such as VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) and QoS (Quality of Service) over their networks.

Cable broadband is the appropriate solution for a home user who needs a wired connection not limited by distance. Cable broadband uses coaxial cables to provide internet access, which allows for high speeds and does not have distance limitations like DSL or ADSL. WiMax, on the other hand, is a wireless broadband solution and may not provide the same level of stability and speed as a wired connection.

The correct answer is access list number between 100 and 199 because extended access control lists are numbered from 100 to 199. The destination address and wildcard mask are also included when creating an extended access control list entry as they determine the destination of the traffic that will be filtered. Similarly, the source address and wildcard mask are included to specify the source of the traffic that will be filtered.

This symptom is an example of network issues at the network layer because it indicates a problem with establishing neighbor adjacencies between routers. Neighbor adjacencies are formed at the network layer through protocols like OSPF or EIGRP, and when adjacencies are not formed with all routers, it suggests a connectivity issue at the network layer. This could be due to misconfiguration, routing problems, or network connectivity problems.

Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) technology allows bidirectional communications over a single strand of fiber. This means that data can be transmitted and received simultaneously on the same fiber, increasing the capacity and efficiency of the network. This feature allows for more data to be transmitted over the same infrastructure, reducing the need for additional fiber optic cables.

The primary function of the Cisco IOS IP Service Level Agreements feature is to measure network performance and discover a network failure as early as possible. This feature allows network administrators to monitor and analyze the performance of their network by sending periodic test packets and collecting data on round-trip time, packet loss, and other performance metrics. By detecting any degradation in network performance or potential network failures, administrators can take proactive measures to address the issues and ensure optimal network performance and availability.

The Priority field is used to mark Layer 2 Ethernet frames for QoS treatment. This field allows for the prioritization of different types of traffic, ensuring that high-priority traffic receives preferential treatment in terms of bandwidth allocation and network resources. By assigning a priority value to Ethernet frames, network administrators can control the flow and delivery of data, optimizing the overall performance and quality of service on the network.

When SNMPv1 or SNMPv2 is being used, the feature that provides secure access to MIB objects is community strings. Community strings are essentially passwords that are shared between the SNMP manager and the SNMP agent. They are used to authenticate and authorize SNMP requests and ensure secure access to MIB objects.

A benefit of implementing a Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN) network design is that it supports remote peers by providing a mapping database of public IP addresses to each one. This means that remote peers can easily establish connections with each other without the need for static IP addresses or complex configurations. The mapping database simplifies the process of establishing secure and encrypted connections between remote peers, making it more efficient and scalable.