The Basic Test On Anatomy: Trivia Quiz

The abdominal aorta starts in the aortic hiatus, which is located opposite to T12.

The medulla oblongata is the correct answer because it is the portion of the brainstem that is directly continuous with the spinal cord. It is responsible for controlling vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The midbrain, pons, and thalamus are also parts of the brainstem but they are not directly continuous with the spinal cord.

The first branch of the aortic arch is the brachiocephalic artery. This artery is responsible for supplying blood to the right arm, right side of the head, and neck. It branches off from the aortic arch and is the first major artery that arises from it.

The cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the brain and spinal cord in the subarachnoid space. This space is located between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, which are two of the protective layers surrounding the central nervous system. The subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid, which acts as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord, providing protection and nourishment. It also helps remove waste products from the central nervous system.

The thalamus is the largest feature of the diencephalon. It is a crucial relay center for sensory information, receiving input from various sensory systems and relaying it to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex. The thalamus also plays a role in regulating consciousness, sleep, and alertness. It is located deep within the brain and is composed of several nuclei that have specific functions. Overall, the thalamus is an essential structure for sensory processing and integration in the brain.

The pulmonary veins do not deliver blood to the right atrium. Instead, they carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, where it is then pumped to the rest of the body. The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava are large veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower parts of the body, respectively, to the right atrium. Coronary veins are responsible for draining deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle itself into the right atrium.

The tentorium cerebelli is a fold of dura mater that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. It forms a horizontal partition within the skull, creating a space known as the posterior cranial fossa. This structure provides support and protection for the cerebellum, preventing it from compressing the brainstem. It also helps to compartmentalize the brain, separating the larger cerebrum from the smaller cerebellum.

The correct answer is Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata is the lowermost part of the brainstem and is continuous with the spinal cord. It controls many vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The midbrain, pons, and thalamus are also parts of the brain, but they are not directly continuous with the spinal cord.

The left ventricle would have the thickest myocardium because it is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. It needs to generate enough force to overcome the systemic resistance and maintain blood flow throughout the body. Therefore, it requires a thicker myocardium compared to the other chambers of the heart to generate sufficient contractile force.

The branches of the aortic arch include the left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery, and brachiocephalic artery. However, the coronary artery is not a branch of the aortic arch. The coronary arteries arise from the base of the aorta, just above the aortic valve, and supply blood to the heart muscle.

A ganglion refers to a small mass of nervous tissue, consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies outside of the brain and spinal cord. Ganglia are found throughout the body and are responsible for relaying and processing sensory information. They play a crucial role in the functioning of the peripheral nervous system, helping to coordinate and regulate various bodily functions.

The brachiocephalic veins are large veins that receive blood directly from the subclavian vein, vertebral vein, and internal jugular vein. The azygous vein, on the other hand, drains blood from the thoracic wall and empties into the superior vena cava. Therefore, the correct answer is Azygous vein because it does not directly contribute to the blood supply of the brachiocephalic veins.

The valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle is called the mitral valve. It is also known as the bicuspid valve because it has two flaps or cusps. The mitral valve ensures that blood flows in one direction only, preventing backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. It opens to allow blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle during diastole (relaxation phase) and closes during systole (contraction phase) to prevent blood from flowing back into the atrium.

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from all the veins mentioned except the pulmonary veins. The superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus all carry deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body to the right atrium. However, the pulmonary veins are unique in that they carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

The correct answer is Vagus. The cranial nerve X is known as the Vagus nerve. It is the longest cranial nerve in the body and is responsible for controlling various vital functions such as heart rate, digestion, and speech. It also plays a role in the parasympathetic nervous system, which helps regulate rest and digestion. The Vagus nerve has branches that innervate the muscles of the throat and larynx, allowing for swallowing and vocalization.

The tonsils are a pair of soft tissue masses located in the back of the throat. They are part of the immune system and help to fight off infections. The tonsils found in the oropharynx, which is the middle part of the throat behind the mouth. Therefore, Palpatine tonsils are found in the oropharynx.

The postcentral gyrus is located in the parietal lobe of the cortex. It contains the primary somatosensory area, which is responsible for processing sensory information related to touch, pressure, temperature, and pain from different parts of the body.

The vertebral artery is a branch from the subclavian artery. The subclavian artery is a major artery that arises from the aorta and supplies blood to the upper limbs, neck, and brain. The vertebral artery is one of the branches that arise from the subclavian artery and it travels up through the vertebrae in the neck, supplying blood to the spinal cord and brain. Therefore, the correct answer is the subclavian artery.

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. It is responsible for filtering the blood and producing urine. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, which consist of a renal corpuscle (made up of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule) and a renal tubule. The nephron plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid balance, regulating blood pressure, and removing waste products from the bloodstream. It is the basic structural and functional unit that allows the kidney to perform its vital functions.

The respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange in the body. It includes various structures such as respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli. These structures are involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the bloodstream. However, terminal bronchioles are not directly involved in gas exchange. They are the smallest branches of the bronchial tree and serve as passageways for air to reach the respiratory bronchioles. Therefore, the correct answer is terminal bronchioles.

The auditory tubes, also known as the Eustachian tubes, connect the middle ear to the nasopharynx. These tubes help equalize pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere, allowing for proper hearing and preventing damage to the eardrum. Therefore, the correct answer is Nasopharynx, as this is the location where the auditory tubes open into.

The correct answer is Choroids plexus. The choroid plexus is a cluster of specialized capillaries located within the brain ventricles. It is responsible for producing and secreting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the ventricles. CSF is a clear fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord, providing them with nutrients and removing waste products. The choroid plexus plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of CSF in the central nervous system.