Immunology & Serology

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  • 1/125 Questions

    Which is immunoglobulin is transported efficiently across mucosal epithelium 

    • IgA
    • IgD
    • IgE
    • IgG
    • IgM
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Immunology & Serology 

Immunology & Serology - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    The most abundant type of leukocyte in human peripheral blood is 

    • Eosinophil

    • Basophil

    • Monocyte

    • Neutrophil

    • Lymphocyte

    Correct Answer
    A. Neutrophil
  • 3. 

    Which of the following pairs is mismatched 

    • Erythrocyte: oxygen transport

    • Natural killer cell: kills virus-infected cells

    • Macrophage: phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms

    • Eosinophil: defense against parasites

    • Lymphocytes: innate immune response

    Correct Answer
    A. Lymphocytes: innate immune response
  • 4. 

    One reason that pathogenic microorganisms have an advantage in the host they infect is because they 

    • Have previously been encountered through natural exposure

    • Reproduce and evolve more rapidly than the host can eliminate them

    • Strengthen the hosts immune response

    • Reproduce and evolve more slowly than the host can eliminate them

    • Have previously been encountered through vaccination

    Correct Answer
    A. Reproduce and evolve more rapidly than the host can eliminate them
  • 5. 

    Which of the following describes the flow of lymph through a lymph node draining an infected tissue 

    • Artery to lymph node to efferent lymphatic vessel

    • Afferent lymphatic vessel to lymph node to efferent lymphatic vessel

    • Efferent lymphatic vessel to lymph node to afferent lymphatic vessel

    • Venule to lymph node to efferent lymphatic vessel

    • Afferent lymphatic vessel to lymph node to artery

    Correct Answer
    A. Afferent lymphatic vessel to lymph node to efferent lymphatic vessel
  • 6. 

    Which of the following is NOT associated with mucosal surfaces

    • White pulp

    • M cells

    • Lysozyme

    • Beating cilia

    • Mucus=secreting goblet cells

    Correct Answer
    A. White pulp
  • 7. 

    The antibody transported across mucosal epithelia is ___________. 

    • IgA

    • IgD

    • IgE

    • IgG

    • IgM

    Correct Answer
    A. IgA
  • 8. 

    Which immunoglobulins main function is to mediate sensitization of mast cells 

    • IgA

    • IgD

    • IgE

    • IgG

    • IgM

    Correct Answer
    A. IgE
  • 9. 

    _____ vaccines are the most effective at evokin memory responses against a virus in an immunized host

    • Subunit

    • DNA

    • Toxoid

    • Live attenuated

    • Killed

    Correct Answer
    A. Live attenuated
  • 10. 

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of inflammation

    • Pain

    • Increased vascular permeability and edema

    • Inactivation of macrophages

    • Influx of leukocytes

    • Vasodilation

    Correct Answer
    A. Inactivation of macrophages
  • 11. 

    Which of the following polymerizes to form a transmembrane channel that compromises the integrity of cell membranes 

    • C5

    • C6

    • C7

    • C8

    • C9

    Correct Answer
    A. C9
  • 12. 

    Which of the following does NOT describe the actions of the coagulation system 

    • Blood clot formation

    • Enhancement of dissemination of microbes into lymphatics and bloodstream

    • Decrease in blood loss and fluid into interstitial spaces in tissue

    • Release of infammatory mediators by platelets

    • Wound healing

    Correct Answer
    A. Enhancement of dissemination of microbes into lymphatics and bloodstream
  • 13. 

    Which of the following characteristics the B-1 cells that develop prenatally 

    • They lack N nucleotides

    • They possess polyspecificity for bacterial polysaccharide antigens

    • They arise early in embryonic development preceding the development of the majority subset of B cells

    • They have little or no IgD on the cell surface

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
  • 14. 

    Which of the following does NOT accuratley describe complement components 

    • Soluble proteins

    • Made by the spleen

    • Located in extracellular spaces

    • Some function as proteases once activated

    • Activated by a cascade of enzymatic reactions

    Correct Answer
    A. Made by the spleen
  • 15. 

    The mutational mechanism that results in the production of antibodies that bind antigen with higher affinity is called 

    • Somatic recombination

    • Isotype switching

    • Somatic hypermutation

    • Clonal selection

    • Antigen processing

    Correct Answer
    A. Somatic hypermutation
  • 16. 

    The antigen-binding site of an immunoglobin is formed from

    • The V regions of light chains only

    • The V regions of heavy chains only

    • Paired V regions of a single heavy chain and a single light chain

    • Paired V regions of two light chains

    • Paired C regions of two heavy chains

    Correct Answer
    A. Paired V regions of a single heavy chain and a single light chain
  • 17. 

    The function of negative selection of thymocytes in the thymus is to eliminate 

    • Autoreactive thymocytes

    • Alloreactive thymocytes

    • Double positive thymocytes

    • Single positive thymocytes

    • Apoptotic thymocytes

    Correct Answer
    A. Autoreactive thymocytes
  • 18. 

    Autoimmune polyendocrinopathycandidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is caused by a defect in 

    • The production of regulatory CD4 T cells

    • Cathepsin L

    • FoxP3

    • A transcription factor called AIRE that regulates tissue-specific gene expression in the thymus

    • T cell receptor gene receptor

    Correct Answer
    A. A transcription factor called AIRE that regulates tissue-specific gene expression in the thymus
  • 19. 

    Which of the following is the membrane-bound form of C3 convertase of the alternative pathway of complement activation 

    • IC3

    • C3a

    • C3b

    • IC3Bb

    • C3bBb

    Correct Answer
    A. C3bBb
  • 20. 

    The enzyme responsible for recombining V, D, and J segments during somatic recombination is called 

    • V(D)J recombinase

    • Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

    • Exonuclease

    • DNA polymerase

    • DNA ligase

    Correct Answer
    A. V(D)J recombinase
  • 21. 

    In B cells transport of immunoglobulin to the membrane is dependent on association with two invariant proteins, IG alpha and IG beta. Which of the following invariant proteins provide this function for the T cell receptor in T cells. 

    • CD3 gamma

    • CD3 delta

    • CD3 epsilon

    • Zeta

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
  • 22. 

    IgM is particularly efficient at fixing complement because ________.

    • It has an extra CH domain

    • It is made first in an immune response and therefore has first access to C1q

    • It has five binding sites for C1q

    • It is a much larger antibody than the other isotypes

    • It has easy access to extravascular areas

    Correct Answer
    A. It has five binding sites for C1q
  • 23. 

    The risk of _____ is the primary complication in bone marrow transplants 

    • Hyperacute rejection

    • Chronic rejection

    • Acute host-versus graft disease

    • Acute graft versus host disease

    • Cancer

    Correct Answer
    A. Acute graft versus host disease
  • 24. 

    Examples of granulocytes include all of the following except 

    • Neutrophil

    • Monocyte

    • Basophil

    • Eosinophil

    • All of the above are examples of granulocytes

    Correct Answer
    A. Monocyte
  • 25. 

    Which of the following statements is false 

    • Megakaryocytes do not circulate and reside only in the bone marrow

    • The hematopoietic stem cell gives rise to white blood cells but a different stem cell is the progenitor of red blood cells

    • Platelets participate in clotting reactions to prevent blood loss

    • During human development, hemotopoiesis takes place a different anatomical locations

    • Hematopoeitic stem cells are self-renewing

    Correct Answer
    A. The hematopoietic stem cell gives rise to white blood cells but a different stem cell is the progenitor of red blood cells
  • 26. 

    Which of the following is the predominant route by which pathogens are brought from a site of infection into a lymph node. 

    • Efferent lymphatics

    • Vein

    • Artery

    • High endothelial venule

    • Afferent lymphatics

    Correct Answer
    A. Afferent lymphatics
  • 27. 

    Which of the following does not describe B-cell receptors 

    • B cell receptors are membrane bound and secreted

    • B cell receptors consist of a variable region and a constant region

    • B cell receptors lack specificity and can bind to a number of different antigen

    • B cell receptors possess specificity and can therefore bind only to unique epitopes

    • B cell receptors undergo affinity maturation as a consequence of somatic hypermutation

    Correct Answer
    A. B cell receptors lack specificity and can bind to a number of different antigen
  • 28. 

    The rearrangement of V, D, and J segments to form an immunoglobulin 

    • Monoclonal antibody production

    • Isotype switching

    • Somatic hypermutation

    • Opsonization

    • Somatic recombination

    Correct Answer
    A. Somatic recombination
  • 29. 

    Which of the following does not describe  B cell receptors 

    • B cell receptors are membrane bound and secreted

    • B cell receptors consist of a variable region and a constant region

    • B cell receptors lack specificity and can bind to a number of different antigens

    • B cell receptors possess specificity and can therefore bind only to unique epitopes

    • B cell receptors undergo affinity maturation as a consequence of somatic hypermutation

    Correct Answer
    A. B cell receptors lack specificity and can bind to a number of different antigens
  • 30. 

    The antigen binding site of an immunoglobulin is formed from 

    • The V regions of light chains only

    • The C regions of heavy chains only

    • Paired V regions of a single heavy chain and a single light chain

    • Paired V regions of two light chains

    • Paired C regions of two heavy chains

    Correct Answer
    A. Paired V regions of a single heavy chain and a single light chain
  • 31. 

    ________ of thymocytes is necessary to produce a T cell repertoire capable of interacting with self MHC molecules 

    • Positive selection

    • Apoptosis

    • Receptor editing

    • Isotype switching

    • Negative selection

    Correct Answer
    A. Positive selection
  • 32. 

    The area of contact between membranes of T cell and an antigen presenting cell where a clustering of protein protein interactions occur is called a(n)

    • Cross-presentation center

    • Polarization

    • Granuloma

    • Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)

    • Immunological synapse

    Correct Answer
    A. Immunological synapse
  • 33. 

    The process of ______ results in change in the constant region of the heavy-chain of antibodies, causing a change in the effector functino and transport properties of antibodies 

    • Complement fixation

    • Neutralization

    • Isotype switching

    • Somatic hypermutation

    • Somatic recombination

    Correct Answer
    A. Isotype switching
  • 34. 

    The antigen recognition site of T cell receptors is formed by the association of which of the following domains 

    • V alpha and C alpha

    • V alpha and C beta

    • C alpha and C beta

    • V alpha and C beta

    • V alpha and V beta

    Correct Answer
    A. V alpha and V beta
  • 35. 

    Which of the following cell surface glycoproteins is characteristic of stem cells, but stops being expressed when a cell has committed to the T cell developmental pathway 

    • CD25

    • CD3

    • MHC class II

    • CD34

    • CD2

    Correct Answer
    A. CD34
  • 36. 

    The ligand for CR3 and CR4 formed by the cleavage of C3b by the combined action of factors H and I is called

    • C3bBb

    • C3a

    • C3b2Bb

    • IC3b

    • C5b

    Correct Answer
    A. IC3b
  • 37. 

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of C-reactive protein 

    • Acts as an opsonin by binding to phosphocholine of pathogens

    • Synthesized by spleen

    • Induced by elevated IL-6

    • A member of the pentraxin family

    • Triggers the classical pathway of complement activation

    Correct Answer
    A. Synthesized by spleen
  • 38. 

    Which of the following statements regarding CD8 T cells is incorrect 

    • When activated, CD8 T cells in turn activate B cells

    • CD8 is also known as the CD8 T-cell co-receptor

    • CD8 binds to MHC molecules at a site distinct from that bound by the T-cell receptor

    • CD8 cells kill pathogen-infected cells by inducing apoptosis

    • CD8 T cells are MHC class I-restricted

    Correct Answer
    A. When activated, CD8 T cells in turn activate B cells
  • 39. 

    A defect in which of the following proteins blocks B cell development at the pre B cell stage, resulting in almost no circulating anitbodies in individuals with this defect

    • Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk)

    • CD19

    • Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (tDt)

    • Pax-5

    • IL-7 receptor

    Correct Answer
    A. Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk)
  • 40. 

    A conjugate vaccine is one that couples ______ to _____ so as to stimulate T dependent antibody responses 

    • Adjuvant, toxoids

    • A protein carrier, irradiated DNA

    • Protein carrier, toxoids

    • Polysaccharide; a protein carrier

    • Polysaccharide, filamentous hemagglutinin

    Correct Answer
    A. Polysaccharide; a protein carrier
  • 41. 

    Which of the following characteristics is common to both T cell receptors and immuniglobulins 

    • Somatic recombination of V,D, and J segments is responsible for the diversity of antigen-binding sites

    • Somatic hypermutation changes the affinity of antigen-binding sites and contribues to further diversification

    • Class switching enables a change in effector function

    • The antigen receptor is composed to two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains

    • Carbohydrate, lipid and protein antigens are recognized and stimulate a response

    Correct Answer
    A. Somatic recombination of V,D, and J segments is responsible for the diversity of antigen-binding sites
  • 42. 

    Pro B cells produce a surrogate light chain, which associaes with the mu chain on the cell surface. The surrogate light chain is composed of 

    • RAG 1 and RAG 2

    • Ig alpha and Ig beta

    • E2A and EFB

    • VpreB and lambda 5

    • Pax5 and CD19

    Correct Answer
    A. VpreB and lambda 5
  • 43. 

    An important advantage of having two gene loci kappa and lambda for the light chain is 

    • That the likelihood of a successful rearrangement of light chain genes increases

    • That immunoglobulins are homogeneous and not heterogeneous in mature B cells

    • That different effector functions are conferred by the two different light chain loci

    • That surrogate light chain transcription cannot compete with kappa and lambda transcription and enables B cell development

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. That the likelihood of a successful rearrangement of light chain genes increases
  • 44. 

    The human thymus begins to degenerate as early as one year after birth. This process is called ______ and is marked by the accumulation of _____ once occupied by thymocytes 

    • Negative selection: gamma delta T cells

    • Differentiation gamma delta T cells

    • Thymectomy: dendritic cells

    • Involution; thymic stroma

    • Involution: fat

    Correct Answer
    A. Involution: fat
  • 45. 

    The co-stimulatory molecule ______ on professional antigen-presenting cells bind ____ on the surface of naive T cells

    • MHC class II: CD4

    • ICAM-1; LFA-1

    • MHC class II: T cell receptor

    • B7: CD28

    • DC-SIGN: ICAM-3

    Correct Answer
    A. B7: CD28
  • 46. 

    ______ is the term used to describe how pathogen antigens resemble host antigens and can sometimes trigger autoimmune disease 

    • Linkage equilibrium

    • Sympathetic senescence

    • Intermolecular epitope spreading

    • Intramolecular epitope spreading

    • Molecular mimicry

    Correct Answer
    A. Molecular mimicry
  • 47. 

    Which of the following pairs of association is mismatched 

    • Monocyte: macrophages

    • B cell: plasma cell

    • Myeloid progenitor: neutrophil

    • Large granular lymphocyte: T cell

    • Megakaryocyte: platelet

    Correct Answer
    A. Large granular lymphocyte: T cell
  • 48. 

    Which of the following is NOT a charactersitc of septic shock

    • Organ failure

    • High mortality rate

    • Compromised blood supply to vital organs

    • Blood vessel constriction

    • Disseminated intravascular coagulation

    Correct Answer
    A. Blood vessel constriction
  • 49. 

    Circulaating B cell that has never before encountered antigen expresses ____ on the cell surface 

    • IgM and IgD

    • IgM

    • IgD

    • IgM and IgG

    • IgG

    • IgE

    Correct Answer
    A. IgM and IgD

Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 17, 2022 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Mar 17, 2022
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Dec 17, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Nadine317
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