Immunology & Serology

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1. Which is immunoglobulin is transported efficiently across mucosal epithelium 
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Immunology & Serology - Quiz

Immunology & Serology 

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2. The most abundant type of leukocyte in human peripheral blood is 
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3. Which of the following pairs is mismatched 
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4. One reason that pathogenic microorganisms have an advantage in the host they infect is because they 
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5. Which of the following describes the flow of lymph through a lymph node draining an infected tissue 
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6. Which of the following is NOT associated with mucosal surfaces
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7. The antibody transported across mucosal epithelia is ___________. 
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8. Which immunoglobulins main function is to mediate sensitization of mast cells 
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9. _____ vaccines are the most effective at evokin memory responses against a virus in an immunized host
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10. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of inflammation
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11. Which of the following polymerizes to form a transmembrane channel that compromises the integrity of cell membranes 
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12. Which of the following does NOT describe the actions of the coagulation system 
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13. Which of the following characteristics the B-1 cells that develop prenatally 
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14. Which of the following does NOT accuratley describe complement components 
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15. The mutational mechanism that results in the production of antibodies that bind antigen with higher affinity is called 
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16. The antigen-binding site of an immunoglobin is formed from
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17. The function of negative selection of thymocytes in the thymus is to eliminate 
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18. Autoimmune polyendocrinopathycandidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is caused by a defect in 
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19. Which of the following is the membrane-bound form of C3 convertase of the alternative pathway of complement activation 
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20. The enzyme responsible for recombining V, D, and J segments during somatic recombination is called 
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21. In B cells transport of immunoglobulin to the membrane is dependent on association with two invariant proteins, IG alpha and IG beta. Which of the following invariant proteins provide this function for the T cell receptor in T cells. 
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22. IgM is particularly efficient at fixing complement because ________.
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23. The risk of _____ is the primary complication in bone marrow transplants 
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24. Examples of granulocytes include all of the following except 
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25. Which of the following statements is false 
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26. Which of the following is the predominant route by which pathogens are brought from a site of infection into a lymph node. 
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27. Which of the following does not describe B-cell receptors 
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28. The rearrangement of V, D, and J segments to form an immunoglobulin 
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29. Which of the following does not describe  B cell receptors 
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30. The antigen binding site of an immunoglobulin is formed from 
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31. ________ of thymocytes is necessary to produce a T cell repertoire capable of interacting with self MHC molecules 
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32. The area of contact between membranes of T cell and an antigen presenting cell where a clustering of protein protein interactions occur is called a(n)
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33. The process of ______ results in change in the constant region of the heavy-chain of antibodies, causing a change in the effector functino and transport properties of antibodies 
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34. The antigen recognition site of T cell receptors is formed by the association of which of the following domains 
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35. Which of the following cell surface glycoproteins is characteristic of stem cells, but stops being expressed when a cell has committed to the T cell developmental pathway 
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36. The ligand for CR3 and CR4 formed by the cleavage of C3b by the combined action of factors H and I is called
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37. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of C-reactive protein 
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38. Which of the following statements regarding CD8 T cells is incorrect 
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39. A defect in which of the following proteins blocks B cell development at the pre B cell stage, resulting in almost no circulating anitbodies in individuals with this defect
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40. A conjugate vaccine is one that couples ______ to _____ so as to stimulate T dependent antibody responses 
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41. Which of the following characteristics is common to both T cell receptors and immuniglobulins 
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42. Pro B cells produce a surrogate light chain, which associaes with the mu chain on the cell surface. The surrogate light chain is composed of 
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43. An important advantage of having two gene loci kappa and lambda for the light chain is 
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44. The human thymus begins to degenerate as early as one year after birth. This process is called ______ and is marked by the accumulation of _____ once occupied by thymocytes 
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45. The co-stimulatory molecule ______ on professional antigen-presenting cells bind ____ on the surface of naive T cells
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46. ______ is the term used to describe how pathogen antigens resemble host antigens and can sometimes trigger autoimmune disease 
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47. Which of the following pairs of association is mismatched 
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48. Which of the following is NOT a charactersitc of septic shock
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49. Circulaating B cell that has never before encountered antigen expresses ____ on the cell surface 
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50. Which of the following cell surface markers differentiates hematopoietic stem cells from other cell constituents in the bone marrow 
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51. Stromal cells produce _________, which is a secreted B cell development growth factor influencing the progression of B cells from the late pro B cell to the pre B cell stage 
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52. Developing B cells that fail to make productive D to J heavy chain rearrangements on both homologous chromosomes 
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53. Which of the following cell surface markers differentiates hematopoietic stem cells from other cells constituents in the bone marrow
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54. Native lymphocytes homing to lymphoid tissue use ____ to bind to CD34 and GlyCAM-1 on high endothelial venules 
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55. The co-stimulatory molecule _____ on professional antigen-presenting cells binds ______ on the surface of naive T cells 
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56. Denatured toxin molecules called _____ are used to vaccinate individuals to stimulate the production of _____
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57. _______ is the vascular addressin found on endothelial cells of intestinal mucosa that binds to integrins of gut-homing effector lymphocytes 
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58. The plasma proteins that counteract the activity of factor P by inactivating C3 convertase through the cleavage of C3b are 
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59. An allergic reaction to poison ivy is associated with
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60. What type of hypersensitivity reaction would result from a mismatched blood transfusion 
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61. A(n) _____ is an epitope that is typically not accessible to the immune system but is revealed under inflammatory or infectious states 
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62. Which of the following best describes an endogenous pyrogen 
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63. In most cases, adaptive immune responses rely on the initial activation of ________ in secondary lymphoid tissue 
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64. Which of the following characteristics permits activated CD8 T cells to destroy any cell type harboring viable and replicating pathogens such as viruses 
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65. MHC Class II molecules are made up of two chains called ________. whose function is to bind peptides and present them to _______ T cells. 
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66. Which of the following describes the sequence of events involved in the processing of peptides that will be presented as antigen with MHC class II. 
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67. _______ involves successive rearrangement at the light-chain loci when reactivity to self antigen occurs during B-cell development 
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68. Which of the following is not produced by Th2
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69. Lipopolysaccharide is an example of a _______ antigen that is recognized by TLR4 when bound to _____.
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70. The five isotypes of immunoglobulin differ from each other in there __________.
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71. Nucleotide changes in variable regions of immunoglobulin genes affecting affinity for antigen 
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72. Which of the following is characteristic of large pre B cell 
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73. Lymphoblasts upregulate a transcription factor called ______ when they terminally differentiate into plasma cells 
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74. Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is carried out by ______ after cross linking of IgG1 or IgG3 antibodies on ____ receptors 
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75. Individuals with an immunodeficiency affecting B cell function are more susceptible to infections caused by which of the following pathogens 
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76. An example of type III hypersensitivity is _______
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77. The individual protection of unvaccinated individuals as a consequence of sufficient prevalence of vaccination in the population in which they reside is known as 
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78. Alloantibodies to blood vessel endothelium on solid organ grafts _______
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79. Which of the following describes the sequence of events involved in processing of peptides that will be presented as antigen with MHC class I. 
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80. The high degree of polymorphism in MHC class I molecules that present antigens to CD8 T cells found in _______ becuase ______ is/are monomorphic
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81. Which of the following is a protein tyrosine kinase involved in T-cell activation culminating in T-cell proliferation and differentiation
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82. Binding of _______ to ______ induces T-cell proliferation and differentiation of activated T cells 
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83. Naive lymphocytes homing to lymphoid tissue use ____ to bind to CD34 and GlyCAM-1 on high endothelial venules 
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84. Complexes of IgG bound to soluble multivalent antigens can activate the classical pathway of complement, resulting in the deposition of ______ on the complex, targeting it for endocytic uptake by cells bearing ______. 
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85. WHich of the following deficiency syndromes affects T cell but not the B cell function
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86. A genetic defect in ____ results in the accumulation of toxic levels of nucleotide metabolites and loss of T cell function 
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87. The extent to which an individuals T cells respond to allogeneic HLA expressed on irradiated donor cells can be measured in vitro using _______
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88. Which of the following is mismatched 
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89. The ________ contribute to antigen specificity of immunoglobulins, and ________ make up the conservative flanking regions. 
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90. Which of the following is the first T cell receptor complex containing the beta chain to reach the cell surface during the development of T lymphocytes 
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91. Activated T cells express ________, which binds to B7 with twentyfold higher affinity for B7 than CD28 and results in ______ of T cell activity and proliferation. 
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92. During infection with HIV, a person is said to undergo seroconversion when 
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93. The wheal and flare inflammatory reaction is an example of 
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94. Which of the following TLR3 and TLR4 adaptor proteins participates in the activation pathway that culminates iin the synthesis of type1 interferons 
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95. In terms of V, D, and J segment arrangement, the T cell receptor alpha chain locus resembles the immunoglobulin _____ locus while the T cell receptor beta chain locus resembles the immunoglobulin ______ locus. 
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96. Which of the following statements is correct 
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97. ______ is a second messenger in the T cell signaling pathway leading to the activation of NFAT
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98. What would be the outcome if a naive B cell were to simultaneously bind to pathogen coated with specific antibody made by an effector B cell in a primary immune response using Fc gamma RIIB1, and bind to the same pathogen using its B cell receptors 
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99. _____________ is a molecule expressed on NK cells and V gamma: V delta 1 T cells 
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100. Another name for anti immunoglobulin autoantibodies is 
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101. Which of the following is the first stage of T cell receptor gene rearrangement in alpha beta T cells
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102. Expression of IFN gamma is induced in a CD4 Th1 cell under the direction of the transcription factor ______
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103. Cytokine receptors are associated with cytoplasmic protein kinases called _____ which become activated when the cytokine receptors bind to their respective cytokines 
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104. The B-cell co receptor is composed of 
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105. A primary focus forms after a circulating naive B cell forms a conjugate pair with ____ in the ____ of a lymph node
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106. During the course of a successful desensitization process, the patients antibodies will change from an ____ isotype to an _____ isotype 
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107. The upregulation of ______ by IFN gamma can contribute to anigen specific T cell activation on thyroid epithelium 
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108. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of native antigen recognized by T cells 
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109. Secretory IgA is best described as ________.
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110. Regulatory T cells function by _______. 
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111. ______ is a T cell specific adhesion molecule expressed before the expression of a functional T cell receptor while the thymocytes are still in their double negative stage of development 
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112. Intracytoplasmic bacteria in enterocytes of the gastrointestinal tract are detected by ______. 
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113. Women who are heterozygous for a defective Brutons tyrosine kinase (BtK) gene
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114. A mechanism by which cancer cells an evade an immune response involves an alteration in the amount of MIC on the cell surface by
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115. Identify which of the following is not associated with acitvation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity 
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116. The peptide binding groove of MHC class I molecules is composed of the following extracellular domains 
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117. Which of the following is mismatched 
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118. Which of the following antibodies exhibits monovalence as a result of the exchange of IgG half molecules (one H plus one L chain) forming bispecific antibody molecules 
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119. Proteins not expressed on normal cells but found on tumor cells are called _______
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120. In the secondary lymphoid tissued, which of the following routes do B cells take during their activation, proliferation and differentiation 
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121. A major attraction of immune stimulating complexes ISCOMs as an adjucant is that they _______
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122. The complemtarity-determining region CDR 1 and CDR2 loops of the T cell receptor contact the ______.
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123. A feature of T cell development that may contribute to tumor development is 
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124. The efficiency of treating bladder cancer is increased by introduing the BCG vaccine. The vaccine component attributing this antitumor effect is _____ which induces a state of chronic inflammation. 
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125. Change of immunoglobulin class but prevention of antigen specificty 
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Which is immunoglobulin is transported efficiently across mucosal...
The most abundant type of leukocyte in human peripheral blood is 
Which of the following pairs is mismatched 
One reason that pathogenic microorganisms have an advantage in the...
Which of the following describes the flow of lymph through a lymph...
Which of the following is NOT associated with mucosal surfaces
The antibody transported across mucosal epithelia is...
Which immunoglobulins main function is to mediate sensitization of...
_____ vaccines are the most effective at evokin memory responses...
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of inflammation
Which of the following polymerizes to form a transmembrane channel...
Which of the following does NOT describe the actions of the...
Which of the following characteristics the B-1 cells that develop...
Which of the following does NOT accuratley describe complement...
The mutational mechanism that results in the production of antibodies...
The antigen-binding site of an immunoglobin is formed from
The function of negative selection of thymocytes in the thymus is to...
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathycandidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED)...
Which of the following is the membrane-bound form of C3 convertase of...
The enzyme responsible for recombining V, D, and J segments during...
In B cells transport of immunoglobulin to the membrane is dependent on...
IgM is particularly efficient at fixing complement because ________.
The risk of _____ is the primary complication in bone marrow...
Examples of granulocytes include all of the following except 
Which of the following statements is false 
Which of the following is the predominant route by which pathogens are...
Which of the following does not describe B-cell receptors 
The rearrangement of V, D, and J segments to form an...
Which of the following does not describe  B cell receptors 
The antigen binding site of an immunoglobulin is formed from 
________ of thymocytes is necessary to produce a T cell repertoire...
The area of contact between membranes of T cell and an antigen...
The process of ______ results in change in the constant region of the...
The antigen recognition site of T cell receptors is formed by the...
Which of the following cell surface glycoproteins is characteristic of...
The ligand for CR3 and CR4 formed by the cleavage of C3b by the...
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of C-reactive...
Which of the following statements regarding CD8 T cells is...
A defect in which of the following proteins blocks B cell development...
A conjugate vaccine is one that couples ______ to _____ so as to...
Which of the following characteristics is common to both T cell...
Pro B cells produce a surrogate light chain, which associaes with the...
An important advantage of having two gene loci kappa and lambda for...
The human thymus begins to degenerate as early as one year after...
The co-stimulatory molecule ______ on professional antigen-presenting...
______ is the term used to describe how pathogen antigens resemble...
Which of the following pairs of association is mismatched 
Which of the following is NOT a charactersitc of septic shock
Circulaating B cell that has never before encountered antigen...
Which of the following cell surface markers differentiates...
Stromal cells produce _________, which is a secreted B cell...
Developing B cells that fail to make productive D to J heavy chain...
Which of the following cell surface markers differentiates...
Native lymphocytes homing to lymphoid tissue use ____ to bind to CD34...
The co-stimulatory molecule _____ on professional antigen-presenting...
Denatured toxin molecules called _____ are used to vaccinate...
_______ is the vascular addressin found on endothelial cells of...
The plasma proteins that counteract the activity of factor P by...
An allergic reaction to poison ivy is associated with
What type of hypersensitivity reaction would result from a mismatched...
A(n) _____ is an epitope that is typically not accessible to the...
Which of the following best describes an endogenous pyrogen 
In most cases, adaptive immune responses rely on the initial...
Which of the following characteristics permits activated CD8 T cells...
MHC Class II molecules are made up of two chains called ________....
Which of the following describes the sequence of events involved in...
_______ involves successive rearrangement at the light-chain loci when...
Which of the following is not produced by Th2
Lipopolysaccharide is an example of a _______ antigen that is...
The five isotypes of immunoglobulin differ from each other in there...
Nucleotide changes in variable regions of immunoglobulin genes...
Which of the following is characteristic of large pre B cell 
Lymphoblasts upregulate a transcription factor called ______ when they...
Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is carried out by...
Individuals with an immunodeficiency affecting B cell function are...
An example of type III hypersensitivity is _______
The individual protection of unvaccinated individuals as a consequence...
Alloantibodies to blood vessel endothelium on solid organ grafts...
Which of the following describes the sequence of events involved in...
The high degree of polymorphism in MHC class I molecules that present...
Which of the following is a protein tyrosine kinase involved in T-cell...
Binding of _______ to ______ induces T-cell proliferation and...
Naive lymphocytes homing to lymphoid tissue use ____ to bind to CD34...
Complexes of IgG bound to soluble multivalent antigens can activate...
WHich of the following deficiency syndromes affects T cell but not the...
A genetic defect in ____ results in the accumulation of toxic levels...
The extent to which an individuals T cells respond to allogeneic HLA...
Which of the following is mismatched 
The ________ contribute to antigen specificity of immunoglobulins, and...
Which of the following is the first T cell receptor complex containing...
Activated T cells express ________, which binds to B7 with twentyfold...
During infection with HIV, a person is said to undergo seroconversion...
The wheal and flare inflammatory reaction is an example of 
Which of the following TLR3 and TLR4 adaptor proteins participates in...
In terms of V, D, and J segment arrangement, the T cell receptor alpha...
Which of the following statements is correct 
______ is a second messenger in the T cell signaling pathway leading...
What would be the outcome if a naive B cell were to simultaneously...
_____________ is a molecule expressed on NK cells and V gamma: V delta...
Another name for anti immunoglobulin autoantibodies is 
Which of the following is the first stage of T cell receptor gene...
Expression of IFN gamma is induced in a CD4 Th1 cell under the...
Cytokine receptors are associated with cytoplasmic protein kinases...
The B-cell co receptor is composed of 
A primary focus forms after a circulating naive B cell forms a...
During the course of a successful desensitization process, the...
The upregulation of ______ by IFN gamma can contribute to anigen...
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of native antigen...
Secretory IgA is best described as ________.
Regulatory T cells function by _______. 
______ is a T cell specific adhesion molecule expressed before the...
Intracytoplasmic bacteria in enterocytes of the gastrointestinal tract...
Women who are heterozygous for a defective Brutons tyrosine kinase...
A mechanism by which cancer cells an evade an immune response involves...
Identify which of the following is not associated with...
The peptide binding groove of MHC class I molecules is composed of the...
Which of the following is mismatched 
Which of the following antibodies exhibits monovalence as a result of...
Proteins not expressed on normal cells but found on tumor cells are...
In the secondary lymphoid tissued, which of the following routes do B...
A major attraction of immune stimulating complexes ISCOMs as an...
The complemtarity-determining region CDR 1 and CDR2 loops of the T...
A feature of T cell development that may contribute to tumor...
The efficiency of treating bladder cancer is increased by introduing...
Change of immunoglobulin class but prevention of antigen...
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