1.
Which of the following is an example of naturally acquired specific immunity?
Correct Answer
B. Placental transfer of anitbodies
Explanation
Placental transfer is naturally acquired (passive) specific immunity. Vaccination (active) and administration of antitoxin (passive) are examples of artificially acquired specific immunity. Interferons are not specific immunity but rather innate immunity.
2.
Which of the following are examples of first or second line of defences in the body? (select all that apply)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Mucous membranes
B. Enzymes in secretions
C. Interferon
Explanation
Vaccination is third line of defence (specific immunity) and is artificially acquired (active)
3.
Nonspecific innate immunity is present shortly after birth (2-4 weeks)
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
It is present from birth
4.
Which of the following compliment pathways is the final pathway?
Correct Answer
D. MAC
Explanation
MAC (Membrane attack complex) is what kills the cell by puncturing its membrane and destroying the pathogens internal stasis.
5.
Which compliment pathway involves the C1 protein and is activated by the antigen-antibody complexes?
Correct Answer
C. Classical
6.
The alternative pathway is usually triggered without anitbody involvement
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Slide 18
7.
A cell becomes infected with a virus and begins to produce proteins that signal nearby cells to produce antivirual proteins. What are the signal proteins called?
Correct Answer
B. Interferons
8.
Humoral immunity is associated with which type of cell?
Correct Answer
C. B Cells
Explanation
Humoral is associated with B cells. Cellular immunity is associated with T cells. Both are adaptive defence mechanisms.
9.
Which of the following is true regarding the primary immune response?
Correct Answer
B. It is part of the specific immune response
10.
T lymphocytes are more abundant in circulating blood than B lymphocytes
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
T lymphocytes = 70%. B lymphocytes = 15%
11.
If a person was diagnosed with AIDS, which of the following would you expect to see from their blood results?
Correct Answer
B. Cytotoxic T cells outnumbering the Helper T cells
Explanation
The normal ration between CD4 (Helper T cells) and CD8 (Cytotoxic T cells) is 2:1. In AIDS, it is 0.5:1
12.
Helper T cells recognize antigen fragments associated with __________ where as Cytotoxic T cells recognize fragments associated with ______.
Correct Answer
A. MHC-2 molecules, MHC-1 molecules
Explanation
Slide 42
13.
Cell mediated immunity (Select 2)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Is carried out primarily by T cells
B. Is more effective against intracellular pathogens
Explanation
B cells are responsible for the other 2 options.
14.
A patient is sick and their blood levels indicate higher amounts of IgM compared with IgG, this is most likely
Correct Answer
A. The patients first exposure to the antigen
Explanation
This is characteristic of a primary immune response. All the others are characteristics of a secondary immune response.
15.
A specific antibody binds to a specific binding site on an antigen, this area on the antigen where the antibody binds is called __________
Correct Answer
C. Eptitope
Explanation
immunoglobulin is another word for antibody so that aint right.
16.
Haptens alone can trigger an immune response
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Hapens need to be attached to a body protein or to an antibody molecule already formed in order to illicit an immune response.
17.
Which portion of the antibody binds with the antigen? (Select 2)
Correct Answer(s)
C. Variable
D. FAB
Explanation
Fc and Crystallizable are the same thing.
18.
Which class of antibody has 10 binding sites?
Correct Answer
A. IgM
19.
Which of the following is true regarding IgM? (Select 2)
Correct Answer(s)
A. It is the first antibody produced in response to infection
C. It has 2 forms - surface form and secreted form
Explanation
IgM does not require class switching and this is partially why it is the first antibody in response (less processing time). It is not blind to the compliment system, it is actually a good stimulator of the compliment system.
20.
Where would you find low levels of IgA?
Correct Answer
B. General blood circulation
Explanation
Slide 22
21.
Shortly after birth and before a newborn can produce its own antibodies, what is the only antibody class protecting the newborn?
Correct Answer
C. IgG
Explanation
IgG is the only antibody class that can pass the placental barrier and so this is the only class that the baby will have in its body.
22.
An Anaphylactic reaction is associated with abnormal production of which antibody?
Correct Answer
B. IgE