Developmental Psychology

1. Some sample temperament dimensions:

adaptability

persistence

activity level

Submit

2. Parenting varies along two separate dimensions.

warmth/responsiveness

control/demandingness

Submit

4. Temperament style influences ability to regulate emotions.

True

False

5. Friendships start as early as 2 years of age.

True

False

Submit

7. ____________________________: an infant's response to unfamiliar people.

emerges 6-8 months

peaks 8-10 months

Stranger anxiety

Separation anxiety

8. The prenatal period from the ninth week until birth is called __________________________.

Conception

The embryonic stage

The fetal stage

9. __________________________: an infantile reflex in which an infant sucks on whatever is placed in his or her mouth.

Grasp reflex

Rooting reflex

Sucking reflex

Submit

11. Parents who are warm and responsive to their child's needs are more likely to have children who are ____________________________.

Less attached to them

More attached to them

Rebellious

Docile

12. People who have successful friendships are ____________________________ to become depressed.

Just as likely

More likely

Less likely

13. ____________________________ (12 - 18 yrs.): identity development, "who am I?" question

Trust vs. mistrust

Autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Initiative vs. guilt

Industry vs. inferiority

Identity vs. role confusion

Intimacy vs. isolation

Generativity vs. stagnation

Integrity vs. despair

Submit

17. __________________________: an infantile reflex in which an infant closes his or her hand into a fist when his or her palmed is touched.

Grasp reflex

Rooting reflex

Sucking reflex

18. ____________________________ (birth - 18 months): forming attachment bond

Trust vs. mistrust

Autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Initiative vs. guilt

Industry vs. inferiority

Identity vs. role confusion

Intimacy vs. isolation

Generativity vs. stagnation

Integrity vs. despair

Submit

20. ____________________________: an infant's response to being away from caregiver.

peaks 13-15 months

Stranger anxiety

Separation anxiety

Submit

22. According to Piaget, the period of cognitive development between birth and ~2 years of age is the __________________________.

Sensorimotor period

Preoperational period

Concrete operational period

Formal operational period

23. According to Piaget, the period of cognitive development between ~2 years of age and ~7 years of age is the __________________________.

Sensorimotor period

Preoperational period

Concrete operational period

Formal operational period

Submit

26. __________________________: the social status status of children who are not respected or liked by peers and become aggressive as a result.

Aggressive-rejected

Withdrawn-rejected

Submit

29. Temperament types:

easy

slow to warm up

difficult

Submit

30. ____________________________ (18 - 35 yrs): love and relationships

Trust vs. mistrust

Autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Initiative vs. guilt

Industry vs. inferiority

Identity vs. role confusion

Intimacy vs. isolation

Generativity vs. stagnation

Integrity vs. despair

Submit

32. Rejected children are ____________________________.

More lonely

Less lonely

More depressed

Less depressed

More socially anxious

Less socially anxious

Submit

36. __________________________: objects are capable of actions and have life-like qualities.

Egocentrism

Animism

Assimilation

Accommodation

37. Development seems to be much more ____________________________ than Piaget thought. Children are constantly acquiring and incorporating new knowledge.

Sporadic

Abrupt

Gradual

Simple

38. Research has found that children pass different conservation tasks ____________________________.

All at once

At different ages

Based on gender

Based on race

Submit

40. __________________________: the social status of children who are not respected or liked by peers and become anxious as a result.

Aggressive-rejected

Withdrawn-rejected

41. 2-year-old Josh has learned the schema for "helicopter" from his picture books. When Josh sees a plane, he calls it a "helicopter". This is an example of __________________________.

Assimilation

Accommodation

42. A child exhibits the ability to think abstractly and is proficient at logical reasoning and problem solving. This child has also developed an interest in social relations, politics, religion, and may challenge beliefs and conventions. According to Piaget, this child is likely in the ____________________________ period of cognitive development.

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete operational

Formal operational

43. ____________________________ parenting is the most adaptive parenting style. It leads to the best child outcomes across childhood.

Authoritative

Authoritarian

Permissive

Uninvolved

Submit

46. According to Kohlberg, an individual who focuses primarily on getting rewards and avoiding punishment is in the ____________________________ level of moral development.

Preconventional

Conventional

Postconventional

47. The third through eighth week of prenatal development is called __________________________.

Conception

The embryonic stage

The fetal stage

48. Newborns have fairly advanced sensory capacities.

True

False

Submit

50. ______________________: inability to distinguish between perspective of self and others.

Egocentrism

Animism

Assimilation

Accommodation

51. A child exhibits egocentrism and animism. This child understands object permanence, but cannot classify objects on more than one level. According to Piaget, this child is likely in the ____________________________ period of cognitive development.

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete operational

Formal operational

52. An infant's temperament is ____________________________ determined.

Environmentally

Biologically

53. Facial, pubic, and underarm hair are all examples of __________________________ sexual characteristics.

Primary

Secondary

54. _______________________: a type of insecure attachment where the child is not distressed by the separation and avoids contact with the caregiver upon reunion.

Secure attachment

Avoidant attachment

Resistant attachment

Disorganized attachment

55. According to Kohlberg, an individual focused primarily on universal principles of justice, equality, and respect for human life is in the ____________________________ level of moral development.

Preconventional

Conventional

Postconventional

56. According to Piaget, the period of cognitive development beyond ~12 years of age is the __________________________.

Sensorimotor period

Preoperational period

Concrete operational period

Formal operational period

57. Egocentrism and animism occur in the __________________________ period.

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete operational

Formal operational

Submit

61. A child does not exhibit an understanding of object permanence. According to Piaget, this child is likely in the ____________________________ period of cognitive development.

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete operational

Formal operational

62. ____________________________ (35 - 60 yrs.): having children, "the world I want to leave behind"

Trust vs. mistrust

Autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Initiative vs. guilt

Industry vs. inferiority

Identity vs. role confusion

Intimacy vs. isolation

Generativity vs. stagnation

Integrity vs. despair

63. According to Kohlberg, an individual focused primarily on following rules, pleasing others, and fulfilling their role is in the ____________________________ level of moral development.

Preconventional

Conventional

Postconventional

64. ____________________________ proposed the psychosocial theory of development which says the goal of each stage in our development is to resolve a core issue.

Konrad Lorenz

Erik Erikson

Lawrence Kohlberg

Jean Piaget

65. _______________________: a type of insecure attachment where there is no coherent strategy.

Secure attachment

Avoidant attachment

Resistant attachment

Disorganized attachment

Submit

67. ____________________________ parenting is the worst parenting style.

Authoritative

Authoritarian

Permissive

Uninvolved

68. Development is invariant and universal.

True

False

69. ____________________________ proposed a 6 stage theory of moral development.

Jean Piaget

Lawrence Kohlberg

Konrad Lorenz

Mary Ainsworth

70. ____________________________ (60+ yrs.): imparting wisdom, reflecting on one's life

Trust vs. mistrust

Autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Initiative vs. guilt

Industry vs. inferiority

Identity vs. role confusion

Intimacy vs. isolation

Generativity vs. stagnation

Integrity vs. despair

Submit

72. ____________________________ (18 months - 3 yrs.): asserting will and independence

Trust vs. mistrust

Autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Initiative vs. guilt

Industry vs. inferiority

Identity vs. role confusion

Intimacy vs. isolation

Generativity vs. stagnation

Integrity vs. despair

73. 2-year-old Josh has learned the schema for "helicopter" from his picture books. When Josh sees a plane, he calls it a "helicopter". In response to this, Josh's mother tells him, "no, it's a plane". Josh changes his schemas for flying machines and continues to modify that schema to include "passenger plane", "fighter jet", etc. This is an example of __________________________.

Assimilation

Accommodation

74. According to Piaget, the period of cognitive development between ~7 years of age and ~12 years of age is the __________________________.

Sensorimotor period

Preoperational period

Concrete operational period

Formal operational period

Submit

76. 6-month-old infants get habituated (and thus, look less) after being presented with a slide with 3 of a particular object. Once that changes to 2 objects, infants , they this change.

Look longer; notice

Look longer; don't notice

Look the same amount; notice

Look the same amount; don't notice

77. Parenting style classifications:

authoritative

authoritarian

permissive

uninvolved

Submit

79. Three types of cells result from differentiation:

Skin

Muscle

Respiratory

Submit

80. A child exhibits the ability to classify on multiple dimensions (size, shape, color etc.) and proves successful in conservation tasks. This child also understands others have different opinions and viewpoints than he or she does. This child is, according to Piaget, in the ____________________________ period of cognitive development.

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete operational

Formal operational

81. Children are, generally, much more ____________________________ (at earlier ages) than Piaget believed.

Incompetent

Competent

Observant

Ignorant

82. Categories of peer acceptance.

popular

rejected

neglected

Submit

84. Generally, teratogens are most harmful during __________________________.

Conception

The embryonic stage

The fetal stage

Submit

88. ____________________________ (6 - 12 yrs.): competencies and successes, what you're good at

Trust vs. mistrust

Autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Initiative vs. guilt

Industry vs. inferiority

Identity vs. role confusion

Intimacy vs. isolation

Generativity vs. stagnation

Integrity vs. despair

89. By showing infants impossible events, it becomes evident that babies, as young as 3 months ____________________________.

Have object permanence

Do not have object permanence

90. Girls have ____________________________ relationships with their peers.

Intensive

Extensive

Internal

External

91. Boys have ____________________________ relationships with their peers.

Intensive

Extensive

Internal

External

Submit

93. Stages of psychosocial development:

birth - 18 months

18 months - 3 yrs.

3 - 6 yrs.

6 - 12 yrs.

12 - 18 yrs.

18 - 35 yrs.

35 - 60 yrs.

60+ yrs.

Submit

95. Infants are capable of doing simple math.

True

False

96. ____________________________ (3 - 6 yrs.): engaging and purposive, focus on good/bad

Trust vs. mistrust

Autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Initiative vs. guilt

Industry vs. inferiority

Identity vs. role confusion

Intimacy vs. isolation

Generativity vs. stagnation

Integrity vs. despair

Submit

99. __________________________: in an infant, the sucking elicited by stroking applied on or around the lips; the reflex aids breastfeeding.

Grasp reflex

Rooting reflex

Sucking reflex

100. ____________________________: in Piaget's theory, the period from about ages 2 to 7, in which a child can think representationally, but can't yet relate these representations to each other or take a point of view other than his or her own.

learns to use language and to represent objects with images and words

classifies objects by a single feature; for example, groups blocks by color (rather than shape or size)

Submit

102. _______________________: a type of insecure attachment where the child is very distressed and doesn't settle easily and there is a mix of proximity-seeking and angry behaviors.

Secure attachment

Avoidant attachment

Resistant attachment

Disorganized attachment

Submit

106. In a more recent study of egocentrism, children of 3 years of age were shown a double-faced card: one side had a picture of a dog and the other had a picture of a cat. When the picture of the cat is facing the child, the researcher asks "what do I see?". The child is most likely to answer:

The cat

The dog

Neither

Both

107. __________________________ serve(s) an important function in breastfeeding.

Grasp reflex

Rooting reflex

Sucking reflex

Submit

108. The heart begins to beat during __________________________.

Conception

The embryonic stage

The fetal stage

Submit

110. Insecure attachment:

Avoidant

Ambivalent

Resistant

Resigned

Disorganized

Organized

Submit

114. These emotional expressions are not present immediately (or shortly after) birth:

Distress

Disgust

Interest

Fear

Anger

Surprise

Submit

Developmental Psychology

1. Some sample temperament dimensions:

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Parenting varies along two separate dimensions.

3. ____________________________ temperament: positive mood and adaptable.

4. Temperament style influences ability to regulate emotions.

5. Friendships start as early as 2 years of age.

6. Children who explore freely in caregiver's presence, are often visibly upset when the caregiver leaves, and greet the caregiver warmly at reunion have a _________________ attachment with their caregiver.

7. ____________________________: an infant's response to unfamiliar people. emerges 6-8 months peaks 8-10 months

8. The prenatal period from the ninth week until birth is called __________________________.

9. __________________________: an infantile reflex in which an infant sucks on whatever is placed in his or her mouth.

10. ____________________________ temperament: negative mood, unadaptable, intense emotional reactions.

11. Parents who are warm and responsive to their child's needs are more likely to have children who are ____________________________.

12. People who have successful friendships are ____________________________ to become depressed.

13. ____________________________ (12 - 18 yrs.): identity development, "who am I?" question

14. __________________________: the conviction that an object exists even when it is out of sight. Piaget believed infants didn't develop this level of understanding until the age of, at least, eight months.

15. According to Piaget, children in the preoperational period of cognitive development would fail a ____________________________ test that requires understanding that quantity, length, or number of items is unrelated to the arrangement or appearance of this object.

16. __________________________: environmental factors that can disrupt healthy neural development.

17. __________________________: an infantile reflex in which an infant closes his or her hand into a fist when his or her palmed is touched.

18. ____________________________ (birth - 18 months): forming attachment bond

19. __________________________: the fertilized egg, formed by the union of sperm and egg.

20. ____________________________: an infant's response to being away from caregiver. peaks 13-15 months

21. Lead, alcohol, and cigarette smoke are all examples of __________________________.

22. According to Piaget, the period of cognitive development between birth and ~2 years of age is the __________________________.

23. According to Piaget, the period of cognitive development between ~2 years of age and ~7 years of age is the __________________________.

25. ____________________________: a parenting style that is high on warmth/responsiveness and low on control/demandingness.

26. __________________________: the social status status of children who are not respected or liked by peers and become aggressive as a result.

27. __________________________: a developmental disorder that affects children whose mothers consumed alcohol during pregnancy. Its effects include a range of psychological problems and physical abnormalities.

28. Samuel didn't know how to react to the neighbor's dog, so he looked at his mother to decide if the dog's presence was good or bad. This is an example of ____________________________.

29. Temperament types:

30. ____________________________ (18 - 35 yrs): love and relationships

31. ____________________________: a parenting style that is low on both warmth/responsiveness and control/demandingness.

32. Rejected children are ____________________________.

33. __________________________: the period of physical and sexual maturation in which the child's body begins to develop into its adult form.

34. ____________________________: the strong, enduring, emotional bond between a child and its caregivers that some psychologists consider the basis for relationships later in life.

35. __________________________: the tubular structure formed early in the embryonic stage from which the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) develops.

36. __________________________: objects are capable of actions and have life-like qualities.

37. Development seems to be much more ____________________________ than Piaget thought. Children are constantly acquiring and incorporating new knowledge.

38. Research has found that children pass different conservation tasks ____________________________.

39. "Who do you like the least?" is a ____________________________.

40. __________________________: the social status of children who are not respected or liked by peers and become anxious as a result.

41. 2-year-old Josh has learned the schema for "helicopter" from his picture books. When Josh sees a plane, he calls it a "helicopter". This is an example of ​__________________________.

43. ____________________________ parenting is the most adaptive parenting style. It leads to the best child outcomes across childhood.

44. "Who do you like the most?" is a ____________________________.

45. ____________________________: a parenting style that is low on warmth/responsiveness and high on control/demandingness.

46. According to Kohlberg, an individual who focuses primarily on getting rewards and avoiding punishment is in the ____________________________ level of moral development.

47. The third through eighth week of prenatal development is called __________________________.

48. Newborns have fairly advanced sensory capacities.

49. The blastocyst attaches itself to the uterine wall and is now called the __________________________.

50. ______________________: inability to distinguish between perspective of self and others.

51. A child exhibits egocentrism and animism. This child understands object permanence, but cannot classify objects on more than one level. According to Piaget, this child is likely in the ____________________________ period of cognitive development.

52. An infant's temperament is ____________________________ determined.

53. Facial, pubic, and underarm hair are all examples of __________________________ sexual characteristics.

54. _______________________: a type of insecure attachment where the child is not distressed by the separation and avoids contact with the caregiver upon reunion.

55. According to Kohlberg, an individual focused primarily on universal principles of justice, equality, and respect for human life is in the ____________________________ level of moral development.

56. According to Piaget, the period of cognitive development beyond ~12 years of age is the __________________________.

57. Egocentrism and animism occur in the ​__________________________ period.

58. ​__________________________: in Piaget's theory, the developing child's process of interpreting the environment in terms of schemas he or she already has.

59. ____________________________: a process of using others' facial expressions as a cue about the situation.

60. ____________________________: an experimental procedure for assessing attachment, in which the child is allowed to explore an unfamiliar room with the mother present before the mother leaves for a few minutes, and then returns.

61. A child does not exhibit an understanding of object permanence. According to Piaget, this child is likely in the ____________________________ period of cognitive development.

62. ____________________________ (35 - 60 yrs.): having children, "the world I want to leave behind"

63. According to Kohlberg, an individual focused primarily on following rules, pleasing others, and fulfilling their role is in the ____________________________ level of moral development.

64. ____________________________ proposed the psychosocial theory of development which says the goal of each stage in our development is to resolve a core issue.

65. _______________________: a type of insecure attachment where there is no coherent strategy.

66. __________________________: connects the placenta and the embryo. connects the embryo's and mother's blood supplies allows embryo to take in nutrients, oxygen, and antibodies allows developing embryo to eliminate waste products

67. ____________________________ parenting is the worst parenting style.

68. Development is invariant and universal.

69. ____________________________ proposed a 6 stage theory of moral development.

70. ____________________________ (60+ yrs.): imparting wisdom, reflecting on one's life

71. ____________________________: a parenting style that is high on both warmth/responsiveness and control/demandingness.

72. ____________________________ (18 months - 3 yrs.): asserting will and independence

74. According to Piaget, the period of cognitive development between ~7 years of age and ~12 years of age is the __________________________.

75. __________________________: connects the embryo to the uterine wall.

76. 6-month-old infants get habituated (and thus, look less) after being presented with a slide with 3 of a particular object. Once that changes to 2 objects, infants ____________________________, they ____________________________ this change.

77. Parenting style classifications:

78. ____________________________: data that describes how individuals in a group interact. positive nominations negative nominations

79. Three types of cells result from differentiation:

81. Children are, generally, much more ____________________________ (at earlier ages) than Piaget believed.

7. ____________________________: an infant's response to unfamiliar people.

emerges 6-8 months

peaks 8-10 months

20. ____________________________: an infant's response to being away from caregiver.

peaks 13-15 months

41. 2-year-old Josh has learned the schema for "helicopter" from his picture books. When Josh sees a plane, he calls it a "helicopter". This is an example of __________________________.

57. Egocentrism and animism occur in the __________________________ period.

58. __________________________: in Piaget's theory, the developing child's process of interpreting the environment in terms of schemas he or she already has.

66. __________________________: connects the placenta and the embryo.

connects the embryo's and mother's blood supplies

allows embryo to take in nutrients, oxygen, and antibodies

allows developing embryo to eliminate waste products

76. 6-month-old infants get habituated (and thus, look less) after being presented with a slide with 3 of a particular object. Once that changes to 2 objects, infants , they this change.

78. ____________________________: data that describes how individuals in a group interact.

positive nominations

negative nominations

98. __________________________: In Piaget's theory, the developing child's process of changing his or her schemas based on his or her interactions with the environment.

109. __________________________: in Piaget's theory, the period of cognitive development from birth to about 2 years, in which the child has not yet achieved object permanence.

differentiation between self and objects