Child Psychology - Qp9 - Quiz, Trivia & Questions

1.

Which of the following is true for a pair of dizygotic twins? (Select 2)
- A.
  
  When reared apart, they do not share the same heredity or environment.
- B.
  
  When reared together, they share the same heredity and same environment.
- C.
  
  When reared together, they share the same environment, including pre-natal, but have a different heredity.
- D.
  
  When reared apart, they share the same heredity but in a different environment.
Correct Answer(s)
A. When reared apart, they do not share the same heredity or environment.
C. When reared together, they share the same environment, including pre-natal, but have a different heredity.

Explanation
Dizygotic twins, also known as fraternal twins, are formed from two separate eggs fertilized by two different sperm. This means that they do not share the same heredity, as they are not genetically identical. When reared apart, they also do not share the same environment, as they are raised in different households with potentially different experiences and influences. On the other hand, when reared together, they share the same environment, including the prenatal environment, as they develop in the same womb at the same time. However, they still have a different heredity due to their distinct genetic makeup.

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2.

Cyril Burt's twin studies appeared to give conclusive evidence that intelligence was not in fact hereditary.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
Cyril Burt's twin studies did not provide conclusive evidence that intelligence was not hereditary. In fact, his studies were later found to be fraudulent and heavily criticized for their lack of scientific rigor. Burt manipulated data and fabricated results to support his claims, leading to a loss of credibility in his research. Therefore, the statement that his twin studies gave conclusive evidence against the hereditary nature of intelligence is false.

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3.

Which of the following are problems with twin studies? (Select 3)
- A.
  
  The small number of identical twins makes it impossible to obtain a decent size sample for study.
- B.
  
  Parents often resist being involved in such studies for fear the children will be negatively affected.
- C.
  
  It is difficult to biologically distinguish between monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
- D.
  
  Twins are often unpredictable, leading to random and chaotic results.
- E.
  
  Twins often share very similar circumstances, skewing results.
Correct Answer(s)
A. The small number of identical twins makes it impossible to obtain a decent size sample for study.
C. It is difficult to biologically distinguish between monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
E. Twins often share very similar circumstances, skewing results.

Explanation
The small number of identical twins makes it impossible to obtain a decent size sample for study. This is a problem because a small sample size may not accurately represent the general population and may lead to biased or unreliable results. It is difficult to biologically distinguish between monozygotic and dizygotic twins. This is a problem because without accurate identification, it is challenging to attribute differences or similarities to genetics. Twins often share very similar circumstances, skewing results. This is a problem because shared environmental factors may confound the effects of genetics, making it difficult to determine the true cause of observed traits or behaviors.

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4.

Many studies indicate that I.Q. can be increased when children are moved to more intellectually stimulating environments.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
A. True

Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that numerous studies have shown that children's IQ can indeed be increased when they are exposed to intellectually stimulating environments. These environments provide opportunities for learning, critical thinking, problem-solving, and engaging with challenging material. Such experiences can enhance cognitive development and contribute to an increase in IQ scores.

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5.

The results achieved in correlational studies indicate that intelligence is entirely based on genetics.
- A.
  
  True
- B.
  
  False
Correct Answer
B. False

Explanation
The given statement cannot be entirely supported by correlational studies. While genetics may play a significant role in determining intelligence, other factors such as environment and upbringing also contribute to an individual's intelligence. Correlational studies can show a relationship between genetic factors and intelligence, but they cannot establish a causal relationship or determine that intelligence is entirely based on genetics. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

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Child Psychology - Qp9

Which of the following is true for a pair of dizygotic twins? (Select 2)

Cyril Burt's twin studies appeared to give conclusive evidence that intelligence was not in fact hereditary.

Which of the following are problems with twin studies? (Select 3)

Many studies indicate that I.Q. can be increased when children are moved to more intellectually stimulating environments.

The results achieved in correlational studies indicate that intelligence is entirely based on genetics.