Child Psychology 101 Quiz!

Explanation
From the second or third month, infants start to exhibit different behavior towards their mothers, indicating the formation of a closer attachment. This suggests that the statement is true.

Explanation
Attachment behaviors are actions that individuals engage in to seek proximity and maintain contact with their primary caregiver. These behaviors are typically observed in infants and young children. "Following" is an attachment behavior as it involves the child following their caregiver to maintain proximity. "Crying" is also an attachment behavior as it serves as a way for the child to communicate distress and seek comfort from their caregiver. "Clinging" is another attachment behavior where the child physically clings to their caregiver as a way to feel secure and maintain closeness.

Explanation
Schaffer and Callender's research findings suggest that infants do not show signs of protest when separated from their mothers until around 7 months of age. This implies that infants may not yet have developed a strong attachment or separation anxiety before this age. The study highlights the developmental timeline of infants' emotional responses and their ability to cope with separation from their primary caregivers.

Explanation
Attachment behavior is not limited to the Western world. It is a universal phenomenon that is observed across different cultures and societies. Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby, suggests that humans have an innate need to form close emotional bonds with others, especially in times of distress. Research has shown that attachment behavior is present in various cultures, including non-Western societies. Therefore, the statement that attachment behavior exists mainly in the Western world is incorrect.

Explanation
Cross-cultural studies can be expensive to conduct because they often require researchers to travel to multiple locations and hire translators or cultural experts. Additionally, it is difficult to ensure that the same variable is being studied in each culture due to differences in language, cultural norms, and social contexts. This can lead to challenges in comparing and analyzing the data collected.

Explanation
The theorists mentioned in this unit include Lorenz, Bowlby, Schaffer, Callender, Piaget, Ainsworth, Emerson, and Harlow.

Explanation
Psychologists study animals in order to gain insight into human development because it is possible to control the animal's environment to isolate a variable for study. By manipulating the animal's surroundings, psychologists can observe the effects of specific factors on behavior or development, which can then be applied to humans. This control allows for more precise experimentation and understanding of cause-and-effect relationships.