Child Psychology - Qp5

The first stage of the formulation of research questions is to form a hypothesis. This is because a hypothesis is a proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested through research. It helps guide the research process by providing a clear focus and direction. Once a hypothesis is formed, researchers can then design and conduct studies to gather data and test the hypothesis. Therefore, it is true that forming a hypothesis is the initial step in the formulation of research questions.

Random sampling is the simplest and most widely used technique for drawing a sample from a population. It involves selecting individuals from the population in a way that each individual has an equal chance of being chosen. This method helps to ensure that the sample is representative of the population, reducing bias and increasing the generalizability of the findings. Random sampling is commonly used in various fields such as research, statistics, and surveys to make inferences about the entire population based on the characteristics observed in the sample.

In an experimental situation, it is common to have an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group is the group that receives the treatment or intervention being tested, while the control group does not receive the treatment and serves as a baseline for comparison. This setup allows researchers to compare the effects of the treatment by measuring any differences between the two groups. Therefore, the statement that there is an experimental group and a control group in an experimental situation is true.

The statement is true because the number of subjects to include in an investigation depends on various factors such as the nature and complexity of the investigation, the available resources, and the objectives of the investigation. There is no fixed rule or standard that determines the exact number of subjects to be included. It is important to consider all relevant factors and make a decision based on the specific circumstances of each investigation.

The matched-subjects design involves matching participants based on certain characteristics and then assigning them to different experimental conditions. The independent-subjects design involves randomly assigning participants to different experimental conditions. The repeated-measures design involves using the same participants in all experimental conditions. These three designs are considered basic experimental designs because they are commonly used in research to test the effects of independent variables on dependent variables. The Voight Repeater design, the 3-angled group design, and the Isolated Sets design are not examples of basic experimental designs as they are not commonly used or recognized in the field of research.

The statement is true because the aim of a study is to draw conclusions and make generalizations about a larger population based on the findings from a smaller sample. By using appropriate sampling techniques and ensuring the sample is representative of the population, researchers can make valid inferences and apply their findings to the entire population. This allows for greater external validity and enhances the generalizability of the study's results.

The experimental method is not primarily focused on controlling invariables. Instead, it aims to manipulate variables and observe the effects on the outcome. While controlling invariables can be important in some experiments, it is not the most important feature of the experimental method.

The statement is true. The experimental method is just one of the many methods available to make conclusions regarding cause and effect. Other methods include observational studies, surveys, case studies, and correlational studies. These methods allow researchers to gather data and analyze relationships between variables without directly manipulating them. Therefore, the statement that there are many methods besides the experimental method to make conclusions regarding cause and effect is true.