Important Questions On Child Psychology!

Explanation
The statement suggests that determining whether a behavior is learned or innate is often difficult due to the absence of clear answers. This implies that there is no definitive way to differentiate between behaviors that are acquired through learning and those that are inherent. Therefore, the answer "True" aligns with the idea that it is common to encounter situations where it is challenging to determine if a behavior is learned or innate.

Explanation
Swallowing, coughing, and blinking are examples of reflexes. Reflexes are involuntary responses that occur automatically in response to a stimulus. Swallowing is a reflex that helps to move food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach. Coughing is a reflex that helps to clear the airway of irritants or mucus. Blinking is a reflex that protects the eyes by closing the eyelids in response to a perceived threat or stimulus. These three actions are not under conscious control and occur automatically to protect or maintain the body's functioning.

Explanation
The stepping reflex is an example of a primitive reflex. Primitive reflexes are automatic, involuntary movements that are present in infants and disappear as the nervous system matures. The stepping reflex is observed in newborns when their feet touch a flat surface, causing them to make stepping movements. This reflex is believed to be a precursor to the development of walking and is eventually replaced by voluntary movements as the baby grows.

Explanation
This statement is false. Healthy infants do not always display a reflex when stimulated. Reflexes are involuntary responses to stimuli, and while most infants have reflexes, they may not always exhibit them in every situation or at every moment. The presence or absence of reflexes can vary depending on the specific reflex being tested and the individual infant's development and state at the time of stimulation.

Explanation
Infants often initiate social interaction by smiling. This is considered one of the first ways in which they engage with others. Smiling is a natural and instinctive behavior that infants use to communicate their positive emotions and to seek attention and connection from caregivers. It is a powerful social cue that elicits positive responses from others, encouraging further interaction and bonding between the infant and their caregivers. Through smiling, infants establish a foundation for social interaction and develop important social skills from an early age.

Explanation
The given statement suggests that the question of how many abilities a newborn possesses at birth is often discussed in the nature/nurture debate. This debate explores the influence of genetics (nature) and environment (nurture) on a person's development and abilities. Therefore, it can be inferred that the statement is true, as it highlights the ongoing debate surrounding the innate abilities of newborns.

Explanation
The Babinski Reflex is the correct answer because it describes the specific reaction of an infant when the bottom of their foot is stroked. This reflex is characterized by the infant splaying out their toes and then curling them in. The Babinski Reflex is a normal reflex in infants, but it typically disappears as they grow older.

Explanation
Binns conducted experiments that provided evidence supporting the idea that babies can be identified by specific characteristics after a few days. This suggests that there are distinguishing features or traits that can be used to differentiate one baby from another. Therefore, the statement "Binns demonstrated experimentally that babies could be identified by specific characteristics after a few days" is true.