BRS Micro - Chapter 12 Immunology
- 1.
Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) can be found on
- A.
B-cells
- B.
T-cells
- C.
Dendritic cells
- D.
Defensins
Correct Answer
C. Dendritic cellsExplanation
Pattern recognition receptors for PAMP occur on host phagocytic cells.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Depressed levels of MHC class 1 molecules on virus infected host cells can be detected by
- A.
T cytotoxic cells
- B.
T suppressor cells
- C.
Activated macrophages
- D.
NK cells
Correct Answer
D. NK cellsExplanation
Depressed levels of MHC class 1 molecules are recognized by killer activated receptors on NK cells.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- A.
Are found on many microorganisms
- B.
Are restricted to Gram-positive bacteria
- C.
Are restricted to Gram-negative bacteria
- D.
Are restricted to toxin-secreting bacteria
Correct Answer
A. Are found on many microorganismsExplanation
PAMP are not restricted but are found on many microorganisms but absent in humans. Binding by PRR initiates aspects of innate immunity.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Cytokines
- A.
Are specific, each with a single activity
- B.
Can be blocked by extra-cytoplasmic portions of their cellular receptor
- C.
Release is restricted to lymphocytes
- D.
Enter cells by a glucose transport system
Correct Answer
B. Can be blocked by extra-cytoplasmic portions of their cellular receptorExplanation
Multiple activities can be stimulated by a single cytokine, and a single activity can be elicited by multiple cytokines.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The adaptive immune system develops from stem cells originating in the
- A.
Fetal thymus
- B.
Fetal liver and bone marrow
- C.
Placenta
- D.
Germinal centers of the spleen
Correct Answer
B. Fetal liver and bone marrowExplanation
Stem cells that evolve into cells of the adaptive immune system originate
in the fetal liver and bone marrow.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Toll receptors
- A.
Recognize PAMPS on selective microorganisms
- B.
Link to IgM on B-cell surfaces
- C.
Link to the antigen receptor on T-cells
- D.
Down-regulate inflammation
Correct Answer
A. Recognize PAMPS on selective microorganismsExplanation
Toll-like receptors in the host bind to PAMPS on various microorganisms and
trigger the activation of components of innate immunity and early elimination
of the infecting microorganism.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Group-specific streptococcal antigens are
- A.
Carbohydrates
- B.
Proteins
- C.
Toxic
- D.
Enzymatic
Correct Answer
A. CarbohydratesExplanation
Group-specific streptococcal antigens are carbohydrates.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Antibodies are grouped into five classes based on differences in their
- A.
Kappa chains
- B.
Lambda chains
- C.
Heavy chains
- D.
Light chains
Correct Answer
C. Heavy chainsExplanation
A short sequence of amino acids is shared on the heavy chain of each,
thus permitting their classification together as immunoglobulins.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Immunoglobulin isotypes are genetic variations found
- A.
Only in transplant patients undergoing graft rejection
- B.
Only in patients exhibiting graft-versus-host reactions
- C.
Only in patient receiving blood transfusions
- D.
In all normal humans
Correct Answer
D. In all normal humansExplanation
Isotypic variations among the immunoglobulins occurs in all humans
and is exemplified by the kappa and lambda chains.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Ll five antibody classes are grouped together as immunoglobulins due to a
- A.
Common amino acid sequence on the heavy chain
- B.
Common amino acid sequence on the L chain
- C.
Common amino acid sequence on the hinge region
- D.
Common disulfide bond
Correct Answer
B. Common amino acid sequence on the L chainExplanation
Although antibodies are grouped into five classes based on differences in
their heavy chains, they are grouped together as immunoglobulins because
each has a common amino acid sequence on its light chain.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The killer inhibition receptor (KIR) on NK cells detects
- A.
Gram-positive bacteria
- B.
Gram-negative bacteria
- C.
Cells with normal levels of MHC class 1
- D.
Cells with low levels of MHC class 1
Correct Answer
C. Cells with normal levels of MHC class 1Explanation
KIR docks on to cells with normal levels of MHC class 1 molecules (in contrast
to KAR, which detects cells with low levels of MHC class1 molecules),
thus preventing killing of normal, uninfected cells.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The antibody idiotype refers to the
- A.
Hyper-variable region of the light chain
- B.
Hyper-variable region of the heavy chain
- C.
Hyper-variable region of both the heavy and light chains
- D.
Complement binding region on the heavy chain
Correct Answer
C. Hyper-variable region of both the heavy and light chainsExplanation
The antibody idiotype defines the epitope binding structure comprised of
both the heavy and light chain hyper-variable regions.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Genetic control of heavy chain synthesis involves
- A.
The variable region coded by three different gene complexes
- B.
A J region gene linking first to a D region gene and then to a V region gene
- C.
AVDJ complex linking to a mu region gene
- D.
Each of the above
Correct Answer
D. Each of the aboveExplanation
Each of the statements depicts genetic control of heavy chain synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The T-cell antigenic receptor
- A.
Is a monomeric IgM molecule
- B.
Is a monomeric IgG molecule
- C.
Will respond only to epitopes processed by class 1 HLA molecules
- D.
Does not interact directly with circulating antigens
Correct Answer
D. Does not interact directly with circulating antigensExplanation
The T-cell antigenic receptor requires the antigenic determinant group to be
processed and presented together with an HLA molecule and does not respond
directly to circulating antigen.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The Coombs direct test
- A.
Detects non-agglutinating anti-Rh antibody on infants red blood cells
- B.
Detects non-agglutinating anti-Rh antibody in maternal circulation
- C.
Measures cold agglutinins in primary atypical pneumonia patients
- D.
Measures serum complement levels
Correct Answer
A. Detects non-agglutinating anti-Rh antibody on infants red blood cellsExplanation
The Coombs direct test detects non-agglutinating anti-Rh antibody on infants’
red blood cells. The Coombs indirect test detects the anti-Rh antibody on maternal
red blood cellsRate this question:
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- 16.
When only one of two parental alleles is expressed by a single B-cell, it is termed
- A.
Self-MHC restriction
- B.
Allelic exclusion
- C.
Random selection
- D.
Haplotype exclusion
Correct Answer
B. Allelic exclusionExplanation
The expression of only one parental allele by a B-cell is termed allelic exclusion.
Self-MHC restriction refers to the restriction of antigen presentation only to
HLAs of the same type.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of these statements is incorrect
- A.
Apoptosisis characterized by membrane blebbing and DNA fragmentation
- B.
Th2 cell cytokines induce B-cell transformation and proliferation
- C.
Th1 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6
- D.
Most fetal thymocytes die before leaving the thymus
Correct Answer
C. Th1 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6Explanation
Th1 cells secrete those cytokines functional in cell-mediated immunity, whereas
IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 are cytokines active in humoral immunity.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Circulating antigen–antibody complexes pathogenic in lupus glomerulonephritis
- A.
Have antigen in excess
- B.
Have antibody in excess
- C.
Have antigen and antibody in equivalent amounts
- D.
Do not interact with complement
Correct Answer
A. Have antigen in excessExplanation
The preponderance of self-antigens in patients with lupus glomerulo nephritis
results in most of the complexes having antigen in excess.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following statements is incorrect
- A.
T cytotoxic cells have the CD8 phenotype
- B.
IL-1 and TNF-a induce selectins on the endothelial cell surface
- C.
IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-b are main causes of excessive inflammation
- D.
NK cells can express antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Correct Answer
C. IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-b are main causes of excessive inflammationExplanation
IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-b help to reduce excessive inflammation, not cause it.Rate this question:
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- 20.
A major marker retained on all peripheral T-cells is
- A.
CD3
- B.
CD4
- C.
CD8
- D.
IL-1
Correct Answer
A. CD3Explanation
CD3 is retained on all peripheral T-cells and serves as a marker for total T-cell
enumeration.Rate this question:
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- 21.
CD34 is a marker for
- A.
B-cells
- B.
Th2 cells
- C.
The gamma delta T-cell receptor
- D.
Stem cells
Correct Answer
D. Stem cellsExplanation
CD34 is a marker for stem cells and permits their isolation.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Tolerance to self-antigens can be achieved by
- A.
Clonal deletion
- B.
Clonal anergy
- C.
High doses of antigen
- D.
Low doses of antigen
- E.
Each of the above
Correct Answer
E. Each of the aboveExplanation
Different states of tolerance can be achieved by each of those listed.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following statements is incorrect
- A.
DsDNA–anti-dsDNA complexes can initiate glomerulonephritis
- B.
Contact dermatitis due to poison ivy is an antigen–antibody complex disease
- C.
Macrophages are activated nonspecifically by IFN-g
- D.
) Cross-linkage by antigen of two or more IgE molecules causes degranulation of sensitized mast cells
Correct Answer
B. Contact dermatitis due to poison ivy is an antigen–antibody complex diseaseExplanation
Contact dermatitis is a lesion of cell-mediated immunity, not union with antibody.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following statements concerning AIDS is incorrect
- A.
The Western blot test is the initial diagnostic test
- B.
Both CD4+ T-cells and macrophages can be infected
- C.
HIV requires both CD4 and a chemokine coreceptor to enter cells
- D.
HIV reverse transcriptase changes viral RNA into DNA
Correct Answer
A. The Western blot test is the initial diagnostic testExplanation
The Western blot is a confirmatory test for AIDS. Low CD4 levels are an initial alert.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Multiple branched lipopolysaccharides on Gram-negative bacteria
- A.
Inhibit B-cells
- B.
Are thymusin dependent antigens
- C.
Are non-antigenic
- D.
Are haptens
Correct Answer
B. Are thymusin dependent antigensExplanation
Lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria are thymus-independent antigensRate this question:
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- 26.
Eradication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis would be largely dependent on
- A.
NK cells
- B.
Anti–M. tuberculosis antibodies
- C.
T-cytotoxic cells
- D.
Dendritic cells
Correct Answer
C. T-cytotoxic cellsExplanation
Tuberculosis eradication is an example of cell-mediated immunityRate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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