Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word pathology also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices.
The signs of inflammation include loss of function, heat, pain, redness, and swelling. Inflammation is part of the body's complex biological response to See moreharmful stimuli, such as irritants, pathogens, and damaged cells.
Atrophy
Inflammation
Regeneration
Repair
Resolution
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Diapedesis
Exudation
Emigration
Anaphylaxis
Chemotaxis
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Tissue
Serum
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
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Activation of eosinophils
Degranulation of mast cells
Extrusion of enzymes from macrophages
Release of bacterial toxins
Release of hydrolases from neutrophils
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Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
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Venous congestion
Lymphatic obstruction
Increased arterial flow
Increased arterial pressure
Increased vascular permeability
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Histamine
Complement
Kinins
Serotonin
Hageman factor
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C1
C3a
C4
C5a
C5b67
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Plasmin
Hageman factor (XIIa)
C1 esterase
Thrombin
Kininogen
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Lymphokines
Histamine
Bradykinin
Complement
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Bradykinin
Complement
Endotoxin
Histamine
Tumor necrosis factor
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Basophil
Eosinophil
Lymphocyte
Macrophage
Neutrophils
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Immature lymphocytes
Immatute band forms of PMNs
Increase in mature PMNs
A decrease in PLTs
An anemia
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Nuclear division of granulocytes
Atypical regeneration of epithelium
Megakaryocytes
Fusion or nuclear division of macrophage
Multiplication of nuclei in surrounding fibrocytes
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Eosinophil
Lymphocyte
Macrophage
Neutrophil
Plasma cell
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Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Basophil
Eosinophil
Monocyte
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Plasma cells
Eosinophils
Vascular endothelial cells
Tissue mast cells
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Ischemia
Edema of the dermis
Vasodilation of blood vessels in dermis
Infiltration of neutrophils
Bradykinin
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Altered plasma oncotic pressure
Increased arterial hydrostatic pressure
Increased vascular permeability
Lymphatic obstruction
Venous obstruction
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A small area of pre-scar tissue containing new capillaries and fibroblasts
A small area containing pus made up of apoptotic PMNs with liquefactive necrosis
An accumulation of granulocytes including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
An accumulation of WBCs that fight persistent bacterial infections
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Lymphocytes and macrophages
An area of caseous necrosis
Any area of coagulative necrosis
Neutrophils, lymphocytes,& plasma cells
An acute inflammatory infiltrate of PMNs
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Inflammatory lymphadenopathy
Reactive lymphadenopathy
Lymphangitis
Abscess
Lymphadenitis
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Serous inflammation
Fibrinous inflammation
Fibrino-purulent inflammation
Suppurative inflammation
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Increased numbers of leukocytes
Hageman factor activation
Increased serum acute phase reactants
The action of complement
Accumulation of blood-borne pyrogens
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Adenosine diphosphate
Polypeptide
RNA
Lipopolysaccharide
Cytochrome oxidase
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Complete resolution
Metastasis of the lesion
Replacement by macrophages
Scarring and calcification
Progression to chronic inflammation
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2 minutes
2 hours
2 days
2 weeks
2 months
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Cell-mediated hypersensitivity
Complement fixation
Local histamine release
PMNs releasing degradative enzymes
Suppurative inflammation
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Lymphokines
Histamine
Bradykinin
Complement
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Chemotaxis
Emigration
Hemostasis
Margination
Phagocytosis
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Activation of easinophils
Degranulation of mast cells
Extrusion of enzymes from macrophages
Release of bacterial toxins
Release of hydrolases from neutrophils
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