Practice Questions For INFLammation

The correct answer describes an abscess as a small area containing pus made up of apoptotic neutrophils with liquefactive necrosis. This means that there is an accumulation of dead white blood cells (neutrophils) and fluid (pus) in a small area, with the tissue being liquefied due to the breakdown of cells. This is a characteristic feature of an abscess.

The lesion seen in the photomicrograph is likely to develop a serous exudate. Serous exudate is a thin, clear fluid that is typically seen in mild inflammation. It contains few cells and little to no fibrin or pus. This type of exudate is commonly seen in minor injuries or mild infections where there is minimal tissue damage.

After being bitten by a mosquito, the body's immune response is activated, leading to the release of various chemicals, including histamine. Histamine causes the blood vessels in the area to dilate, resulting in increased blood flow to the site of the bite. This increased blood flow causes the redness and erythema observed by the medical student. Therefore, vasodilation is the cause of the erythema in this case.

Hemostasis is the first event to occur in acute inflammation. It involves the constriction of blood vessels to minimize blood loss and the formation of a blood clot to seal the damaged blood vessel. This initial response helps to control bleeding and prevent further damage. Chemotaxis, emigration, margination, and phagocytosis are subsequent events that occur after hemostasis in the inflammatory process.

The release of hydrolases from neutrophils is most likely responsible for the necrosis in a suppurative exudate. Hydrolases are enzymes that break down molecules, and their release from neutrophils can lead to tissue damage and necrosis.

The best diagnosis for the submitted specimen from the subcutis of a 32-year-old woman is chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation is characterized by the presence of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages, as well as tissue destruction and repair. It is typically a response to persistent or repeated injury or infection. This diagnosis is supported by the information provided in the question, which states that the specimen is from the subcutis and does not mention any acute or granulomatous features.

Kinins are a group of inflammatory mediators that are released in response to tissue injury or inflammation. They are known to cause swelling by increasing the permeability of blood vessels, allowing fluid to leak into the surrounding tissues. In this case, the friend's sunburn and the associated redness, warmth, and pain suggest inflammation, which is likely to be caused by the release of kinins.

The photomicrograph shows noncaseating granulomas, which are characteristic of sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by the formation of granulomas in various organs, including the lungs. It commonly presents with bilateral hilar adenopathy, as seen in this case. Brucellosis, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Tuberculosis do not typically present with noncaseating granulomas and are less likely diagnoses in this scenario.

The most likely outcome of the patient's myocardial infarction is repair. After a myocardial infarction, there is damage to the heart tissue due to a lack of blood supply. The body responds by forming scar tissue in the damaged area, which helps to strengthen and stabilize the heart. This process is known as repair. Atrophy refers to a decrease in the size of an organ or tissue, which is not typically seen after a myocardial infarction. Inflammation may occur initially after the infarction but is not the final outcome. Regeneration refers to the regrowth of new healthy tissue, which is limited in the heart. Resolution refers to the complete healing of the tissue, which is not typically seen after a myocardial infarction.