Pharm Antiviral Drugs Prt 2

20 Questions | By Chachelly | Updated: Mar 21, 2022 | Attempts: 229

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Welcome, one and all, to another quiz on the topic of antiviral drugs, which are of course used to treat infections of a viral nature, as opposed to bacterial. Think you handled the last quiz well enough? We’ll see how well you do in this one! Good luck!

Questions and Answers

1.

A 71-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a 2-day history of progressive dyspnea, fever, cough and wheezing. Chest radiograph was normal but a bronchoscopy showed marked erythema of the trachea and bronchi, with multiple ulcerations. A bronchial biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of herpetic tracheobronchitis. The patient received IV acyclovir for 3 days but no improvement was seen. Resistance to acyclovir was suspected and an alternative drug was given IV. Which of the following drugs was most likely administered?
- A.
  
  Foscarnet
- B.
  
  Saquinavir
- C.
  
  Amantadine
- D.
  
  Zidovudine
- E.
  
  Trifluridine
2.

A 35-year-old man visited an ophthalmologist because of a foreign body sensation, lacrimation, photophobia and blurred vision in his left eye. Eye examination showed a conjunctival hyperemia and a branched lesion of corneal epithelium with terminal bulbs, swollen border and a central ulcer. A presumptive diagnosis was made and a topical therapy with eye drops was ordered. Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed?
- A.
  
  Entecavir
- B.
  
  Lopinavir
- C.
  
  Nevirapine
- D.
  
  Zidovudine
- E.
  
  Trifluridine
- F.
  
  Oseltamivir
3.

A 56-year-old man suffering from viral hepatitis B had started a treatment with interferon alpha-2a, but nine month later he was still HBeAg positive. The gastroenterologist decided to stop interferon and start another drug. Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed?
- A.
  
  Gancyclovir
- B.
  
  Lopinavir
- C.
  
  Raltegravir
- D.
  
  Nevirapine
- E.
  
  Didanosine
- F.
  
  Lamivudine
4.

A 41-year-old woman with AIDS started a highly active antiretroviral therapy with lamivudine, abacavir and efavirenz. Which of the following adverse effects could most likely occur during the therapy?
- A.
  
  Erythematous skin rash
- B.
  
  Hallucinations
- C.
  
  Liver cirrhosis
- D.
  
  Pancreatitis
- E.
  
  Macrocytic anemia
- F.
  
  Lactic acidosis
5.

A 31-year-old HIV positive man was found to have a CD4 lymphocyte count of 122 cell/mm at the last control visit. A 3 HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) was started which included a drug that does not require phosphorylation to be active. Which of the following is an antiretroviral drug with this property?
- A.
  
  Efavirenz
- B.
  
  Foscarnet
- C.
  
  Stavudine
- D.
  
  Lamivudine
- E.
  
  Abacavir
- F.
  
  Didanosine
6.

A 34-year-old pregnant woman at term was admitted to the hospital for delivery. The woman had a long history of AIDS and was following a HAART therapy (ritonavir + lamivudine + tenofovir). An oral dose of nevirapine was given to the woman at the onset of labor. Which of the following statements best explains the reason for this administration?
- A.
  
  To potentiate the ongoing antiretroviral therapy
- B.
  
  To decrease the toxicity of ritonavir in the newborn
- C.
  
  To prevent drug-induced respiratory depression in the newborn
- D.
  
  To prevent HIV transmission in the newborn
- E.
  
  To decrease the toxicity of lamivudine in the newborn
7.

A 61-year-old woman suffering from viral hepatitis B was admitted to the hospital for a follow up examination. She was found to have >105 HBV DNA copies/mL and ALT of 210 U/L (normal <20). A therapy with entecavir was prescribed. The inhibition of which of the following viral enzymes most likely mediated the therapeutic effect of the drug in the patient’s disease?
- A.
  
  DNA-polymerase
- B.
  
  Phosphotransferase
- C.
  
  RNA-polymerase
- D.
  
  HIV Protease
- E.
  
  Thymidine-kinase
- F.
  
  Neuraminidase
8.

A 23-year-old woman with AIDS came to the hospital complaining of floating spots in her vision and difficulty in reading. Funduscopic examination revealed the presence of alternating areas of hemorrhagic tissue and fluffy, white patches in the proximity of retinas of both eyes consistent with hemorrhagic retinitis. Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed for the treatment of the patient’s ocular disorder?
- A.
  
  Amantadine
- B.
  
  Ribavirin
- C.
  
  Ganciclovir
- D.
  
  Lopinavir
- E.
  
  Gentamicin
- F.
  
  Doxycycline
9.

A 34-year-old man presented to the hospital with jaundice and complaints of incapacitating fatigue and vague intermittent abdominal pain for the past month. The patient had a history of IV drug abuse and of alcohol abuse. Hepatitis serologic tests were positive for HBsAg. Which of the following drugs would be appropriate for this patient?
- A.
  
  Enfuvirtide
- B.
  
  Saquinavir
- C.
  
  Amantadine
- D.
  
  Interferon alpha-2a
- E.
  
  Ganciclovir
- F.
  
  Foscarnet
10.

A 35-year-old man with AIDS presented to the clinic for a follow up visit. He was concerned because he noticed a growth on his neck. He has been following a Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) for 4 months. Physical examination disclosed an accumulation of fat on his upper back. Pertinent lab results were: total cholesterol 380 mg/dL, triglycerides 420 mg/dL, blood glucose 240 mg/dL. All lab values were within normal limits before starting the HAART. Which of the following pairs of drugs most likely caused the signs and the lab values of this patient?
- A.
  
  Amantadine and acyclovir
- B.
  
  Foscarnet and cidofovir
- C.
  
  Stavudine and didanosine
- D.
  
  Zidovudine and lamivudine
- E.
  
  Ritonavir and saquinavir
11.

A 35-year-old man with AIDS started a therapy which included a lopinavir/ritonavir combination. Which of the following statements best explains the main reason of this combination regimen?
- A.
  
  Lopinavir prevents ritonavir resistance
- B.
  
  Lopinavir inhibits ritonavir metabolism
- C.
  
  Lopinavir enhances ritonavir intestinal absorption
- D.
  
  Ritonavir prevent lopinavir resistance
- E.
  
  Ritonavir inhibits lopinavir metabolism
- F.
  
  Ritonavir enhances lopinavir intestinal absorption
12.

A 38-year-old woman suffering from chronic hepatitis B started a treatment with a drug that is able to inhibit several steps of hepatitis B virus replication including uncoating, early transcription, translation, assembly and release. Which of the following drugs was most likely administered?
- A.
  
  Lamivudine
- B.
  
  Entecavir
- C.
  
  Interferon alpha-2a
- D.
  
  Tenofovir
- E.
  
  Ribavirin
13.

A 54-year-old man with AIDS was found to have a CD4 lymphocyte count of 110 cell/mm at the last control visit. The patient had an extensive hi 3 story of treatment with a variety of drug regimens without sustained clinical benefit. He was currently taking zalcitabine, lamivudine and efavirenz. The physician decided to add to another drug that acts by blocking the insertion of reversed-transcribed HIV DNA into the chromosomes of the host cells. Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed?
- A.
  
  Tenofovir
- B.
  
  Saquinavir
- C.
  
  Lopinavir
- D.
  
  Raltegravir
- E.
  
  Cidofovir
- F.
  
  Ganciclovir
14.

A 32-year-old woman visited her physician complaining of some very painful blisters on her abdomen. Physical examination showed localized blisters on her left abdomen consistent with a varicella-zoster infection. A drug therapy was started. Which of the following enzymes was most likely inhibited by the administered drug?
- A.
  
  Transpeptidase
- B.
  
  DNA-polymerase
- C.
  
  Aspartate protease
- D.
  
  Reverse transcriptase
- E.
  
  Neuraminidase
- F.
  
  Integrase
15.

A 72-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with one week history of fever, night sweats and shortness of breath. Blood exams on admission were notable for hemoglobin 10 g/dL and creatinine 3.2 mg/dL. Physical examination showed decreased lung sounds bilaterally. A viral culture from bronchoalveolar lavage was positive for HSV and a therapy with IV acyclovir was started. The patient was at increased risk of developing which of the following adverse effects as a result of this therapy?
- A.
  
  Hepatic cirrhosis
- B.
  
  Renal failure
- C.
  
  Hemolytic anemia
- D.
  
  Neutropenia
- E.
  
  Agranulocytosis
- F.
  
  Pancreatitis
16.

A 5-month-old baby girl born prematurely at 31weeks’ gestation was found to have bronchopulmonary dysplasia that needed oxygen use. Recently a respiratory syncytial virus outbreak occurred in the community and the pediatrician decided to order a drug to prevent the RSV infection. Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed?
- A.
  
  Raltegravir
- B.
  
  Lopinavir
- C.
  
  Amantadine
- D.
  
  Lamivudine
- E.
  
  Palivizumab
- F.
  
  Trastuzumab
17.

A 31-year-old woman with a two year history of AIDS reported of watery, bloody diarrhea for approximately two weeks with accompanying abdominal pain. A colon biopsy revealed cytomegalovirus inclusions in the colonic mucosa. An IV therapy was started. Which of the following viral enzymes was most likely inhibited by the administered drug?
- A.
  
  DNA-polymerase
- B.
  
  Phosphotransferase
- C.
  
  RNA-polymerase
- D.
  
  HIV Protease
- E.
  
  Thymidine-kinase
- F.
  
  Neuraminidase
18.

A 35-year-old HIV positive man presented to the hospital for a follow up visit. His CD4 lymphocyte count was found 350 cells/mm3. An HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) was initiated. Which of the following triple drug regimen was most likely used?
- A.
  
  Flucytosine + acyclovir + saquinavir
- B.
  
  Didanosine+ ganciclovir +zidovudine
- C.
  
  Vidarabine + foscarnet +didanosine
- D.
  
  Ribavirin + saquinavir + zidovudine
- E.
  
  Zidovudine + didanosine + saquinavir
19.

A 44-year-old man was recently found HIV positive and started a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and one protease inhibitor (PI). Which of the following two steps in the HIV growth cycle were specifically affected by this drug regimen?
- A.
  
  Entry and assembly
- B.
  
  Entry and uncoating
- C.
  
  Transcription and binding
- D.
  
  Transcription and assembly
- E.
  
  Binding and uncoating
20.

A 34-year-old man recently diagnosed with AIDS was found to have a viral load of 185000/copies mL during a control visit. The patient had been following a highly active antiretroviral therapy with efavirenz, stavudine, lopinavir saquinavir and raltegravir for five months. A lab test indicated a mutation in the gene encoding the reverse transcriptase enzyme. Which of the following pairs of antiretroviral drugs most likely became ineffective because of the development of resistance?
- A.
  
  Efavirenz and lopinavir
- B.
  
  Saquinavir and lopinavir
- C.
  
  Raltegravir and stavudine
- D.
  
  Efavirenz and stavudine
- E.
  
  Raltegravir and saquinavir
- F.
  
  Stavudine and saquinavir