Pharm Antiviral Drugs Part 1

20 Questions | By Chachelly | Updated: Mar 19, 2022 | Attempts: 406

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In today’s pharmacology quiz we’ll be looking at a very important topic – antiviral drugs! These pharmaceuticals are used specifically for treating infections of a viral nature, with such examples as flu, the common cold, measles, rubella and smallpox. What can you tell us about this medication?

Questions and Answers

1.

The diagram below depicts a simplified pathway of the viral growth cycle: Which of the steps shown in the pathway is most likely inhibited by enfuvirtide?
- A.
  
  A
- B.
  
  B
- C.
  
  C
- D.
  
  D
- E.
  
  E
- F.
  
  F
- G.
  
  G
- H.
  
  H
- I.
  
  I
2.

The diagram below depicts a simplified pathway of the viral growth cycle: Which of the steps shown in the pathway is most likely inhibited by amantadine?
- A.
  
  A
- B.
  
  B
- C.
  
  C
- D.
  
  D
- E.
  
  E
- F.
  
  F
- G.
  
  G
- H.
  
  H
- I.
  
  I
3.

The diagram below depicts a simplified pathway of the viral growth cycle: Which of the steps shown in the pathway is most likely inhibited by fomivirsen?
- A.
  
  A
- B.
  
  B
- C.
  
  C
- D.
  
  D
- E.
  
  E
- F.
  
  F
- G.
  
  G
- H.
  
  H
- I.
  
  I
4.

The diagram below depicts a simplified pathway of the viral growth cycle: Which of the steps shown in the pathway is most likely inhibited by ritonavir?
- A.
  
  A
- B.
  
  B
- C.
  
  C
- D.
  
  D
- E.
  
  E
- F.
  
  F
- G.
  
  G
- H.
  
  H
- I.
  
  I
5.

A 23-year-old man had recurrent genital herpes which was effectively treated each time by acyclovir. The patient asked his physician why the treatment was not able to prevent recurrence. Which of the following was most likely the answer of the physician?
- A.
  
  Acyclovir has a very short duration of action
- B.
  
  Recurrence is due to a new contact with infected partners
- C.
  
  Antiviral drugs have no effect on the latent state of viral diseases
- D.
  
  Recurrence is due to a hypersensitivity reaction to viral proteins
- E.
  
  Resistant to acyclovir is the rule after one cycle of therapy
6.

A 34-year-old woman reported to her physician a two-day history of genital burning pain that was worse during urination and accompanied by fever and malaise. Physical examination revealed multiple blisters and ulcerative lesions in the vaginal area. A presumptive diagnosis of herpes genitalis was made and an oral drug was prescribed. Which of the following steps of viral growth cycle was most likely inhibited by the prescribed drug?
- A.
  
  Attachment to the host cell
- B.
  
  Uncoating
- C.
  
  Penetration
- D.
  
  Transcription
- E.
  
  MRNA and protein synthesis
- F.
  
  Proteolytic cleavage
7.

A 31-year-old man with AIDS was recently diagnosed with cytomegalovirus pneumonia. The patient’s current medications included zidovudine, didanosine and saquinavir. An IV therapy with ganciclovir was started. Which of the following adverse effects could be most likely predicted from the concurrent administration of ganciclovir and the antiretroviral drugs?
- A.
  
  Anemia and neutropenia
- B.
  
  Retinal detachment
- C.
  
  Cataract
- D.
  
  Sexual dysfunction
- E.
  
  Hyperglycemia
- F.
  
  Lactic acidosis
8.

A 33-year-old woman with AIDS was recently diagnosed with cytomegalovirus retinitis. The ophthalmologist prescribed a drug that must be phosphorylated first by virusspecific enzymes, and then by host’s cell enzymes to become active. Which of the following drugs was most likely given?
- A.
  
  Foscarnet
- B.
  
  Ribavirin
- C.
  
  Ganciclovir
- D.
  
  Acyclovir
- E.
  
  Vidarabine
- F.
  
  Zidovudine
9.

A 34-year-old woman with AIDS had been following an antiretroviral therapy which includes zalcitabine and stavudine. Which of the following adverse effects could be most likely predicted since it was shared by both drugs?
- A.
  
  Nephrolithiasis
- B.
  
  Myelosuppression
- C.
  
  Hallucinations
- D.
  
  Peripheral neuropathy
- E.
  
  Altered body fat distribution
10.

A 43-year-old man with AIDS presented to his physician with a complaint of multiple painful ulcers in tongue and palate. Exfoliative cytology was done which led to the diagnosis of herpes simplex infection, and a therapy with oral acyclovir was initiated. Two weeks later no improvement was seen and the dose of the drug was increased but without success. Which of the following was most likely the cause of failure of acyclovir therapy?
- A.
  
  Mutation of aspartate protease
- B.
  
  Viral transpeptidase deficiency
- C.
  
  Viral thymidine kinase deficiency
- D.
  
  Viral neuraminidase deficiency
- E.
  
  Mutation of reverse transcriptase
11.

A 12-day-old, premature baby boy developed a poor feeding pattern, irritability and respiratory distress. His mother, who suffered several episodes of genital herpes, was admitted to labor with premature ruptures of the membranes. Physical examination of the baby revealed several small vesicular skin lesions located on the scalp and a dendritic keratitis was present on both eyes. Which of the following drugs was most likely included in the therapeutic treatment of this baby?
- A.
  
  Saquinavir
- B.
  
  Acyclovir
- C.
  
  Zidovudine
- D.
  
  Pentamidine
- E.
  
  Fluconazole
- F.
  
  Metronidazole
12.

A 34-year-old man with AIDS presented to the hospital because of fever (103.4 °F), malaise, myalgias, nausea, and diarrhea. The patient had started an highly active antiretroviral therapy three weeks previously. He states that the symptoms were most prominent several hours after each dose and that they seemed to be getting progressively worse with each dose. Physical examination disclosed a fine maculopapular rash over his face, trunk and arms. Which of the following drugs most likely caused the patient’s syndrome?
- A.
  
  Zidovudine
- B.
  
  Ribavirin
- C.
  
  Foscarnet
- D.
  
  Abacavir
- E.
  
  Lamivudine
- F.
  
  Oseltamivir
13.

A 74-year-old diabetic woman was brought to the emergency room with fever (102.7° F), shaking chills, cough, headache and malaise. Physical examination showed profound dyspnea and rales were audible on auscultation on both lungs. Chest x-ray showed bilateral infiltrates and blood gas analysis revealed significant hypoxia. A gram stain of the sputum showed no bacteria. Fluorescent antibodies identified influenza A virus on cells of nasal aspirates. An appropriate therapy was started which included a drug that acts by inhibiting viral uncoating. Which of the following drug was most likely prescribed?
- A.
  
  Foscarnet
- B.
  
  Ganciclovir
- C.
  
  Zidovudine
- D.
  
  Amantadine
- E.
  
  Cidofovir
- F.
  
  Indinavir
14.

A 34-year-man with AIDS was recently diagnosed with cytomegalovirus retinitis and a therapy with gancyclovir was started. Two weeks later the disease was not much improved and the ophthalmologist decided to add another drug that, unlike gancyclovir, can inhibit DNA polymerase directly without requiring activation by phosphorylation. Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed?
- A.
  
  Acyclovir
- B.
  
  Lopinavir
- C.
  
  Ribavirin
- D.
  
  Foscarnet
- E.
  
  Trifluridine
- F.
  
  Nevirapine
15.

A 75-year-old patient was brought to the emergency room from a nursing home with chief complains of fever (102.8° F), cough, headache, malaise, anorexia and photophobia. Conventional antibiotic therapy was ineffective and three days later influenza virus was isolated from the sputum. Over the next week, three other nursing home patients developed similar symptoms. Vaccination and chemoprophylaxis were planned for all nursing home residents and staff. Which of the following drugs was most likely administered as a prophylactic measure?
- A.
  
  Acyclovir
- B.
  
  Foscarnet
- C.
  
  Ribavirin
- D.
  
  Ganciclovir
- E.
  
  Oseltamivir
- F.
  
  Zidovudine
16.

A 24-year old man visited his physician complaining of painful ulcers on his penis. Upon examination multiple rounded translucent vesicles were seen on the penis gland, intermixed with superficial, circular ulcers which were very painful to the touch. Regional limphoadenopathy was also present. A preliminary diagnosis was made. Which of the following drugs was most likely prescribed for the treatment of the patient’s disorder?
- A.
  
  Penicillin G
- B.
  
  Doxycycline
- C.
  
  Metronidazole
- D.
  
  Acyclovir
- E.
  
  Ketoconazole
17.

A 5 year-old girl was admitted to the emergency room because of fever (102 F°) and disorientation in time and space. Soon after the admission the patient had a seizure. Ceftriaxone and dexamethasone were initiated but the next day the patient became lethargic and lapsed into a coma. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid was normal and a CT scan of the brain revealed a decrease density in a small area of the right parietal lobe. Acyclovir IV was started and after 5 days of therapy the patient was alert, responsive and actively moving. The patient was most likely suffering from which of the following diseases?
- A.
  
  Neisseria meningitis
- B.
  
  Toxoplasma encephalitis
- C.
  
  Cryptococcal meningitis
- D.
  
  Cytomegalovirus encephalitis
- E.
  
  Herpes encephalitis
18.

A 23-year-old, heroin addicted man presented to the hospital complaining of severe fatigue and scleral icterus. Physical examination showed hepatomegaly and mild ascites. Significant laboratory findings were: total bilirubin 4.4 ng/mL, ALT 380 U/L, AST 320 U/L. Serologic tests were positive for hepatitis C virus infection. Which of the following pairs of drugs would be appropriate for this patient?
- A.
  
  Interferon-alpha and foscarnet
- B.
  
  Ribavirin and saquinavir
- C.
  
  Interferon-alpha and ribavirin
- D.
  
  Saquinavir and foscarnet
- E.
  
  Zidovudine and ganciclovir
- F.
  
  Ganciclovir and foscarnet
19.

A 34-year-old woman with AIDS was found to have a CD4 lymphocyte count of 45 cell/mm at the last control visit. The patient had an extensive hi 3 story of treatment with a variety of antiretroviral drugs and had been currently taking zidovudine, lamivudine and ritonavir. A tropism test showed that the HIV of the patient used the CCR5 receptor to enter the host cells. A therapy with a drug that prevents entry was started. Which of the following drugs was most likely given?
- A.
  
  Ribavirin
- B.
  
  Enfuvirtide
- C.
  
  Didanosine
- D.
  
  Maraviroc
- E.
  
  Indinavir
- F.
  
  Saquinavir
20.

A 71-year-old man was brought to the emergency room because of fever (103.2° F), chills, dyspnea, and generalized aches in the back and legs. Social history of the patient was significant for an outbreak of flu in the community. A clinical diagnosis of influenza was made and a treatment with oseltamivir was started. Which of the following actions most likely mediated the therapeutic effect of the drug in the patient?
- A.
  
  Prevention of virus release from infected cells
- B.
  
  Blockade of fusion of the virus with the host cell
- C.
  
  Inhibition of viral transcription
- D.
  
  Inhibition of viral proteolytic cleavage
- E.
  
  Inhibition of viral protein synthesis