Biology Exam 2 pt. 2 assesses understanding of cell interactions, pathways for protein secretion, membrane dynamics, cell junction functions, diffusion processes, and osmosis. This quiz enhances knowledge crucial for advanced studies in cellular biology.
Ribozymes
Abzymes
Isozymes
Enzymes that can no longer function
Coenzymes
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Freee energy of the transition state.
Activation energy of the reaction.
Change in free energy of the reaction.
Three-dimensional shape and structure of the active site.
Rate constatn of the reaction.
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Ribozymes
Abzymes
Isozymes
Enzymes that can no longer function.
Coenzymes
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Enzymes are proteins.
Enzymes have a specific amino acid sequence.
Enzymes are highly specific.
Enzymes lower the energy barrier.
All of the above.
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Exocytosis
P:inocytosis
Endocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Phagocytsis
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Decreasing
Increasing
Constant
Being converted to free energy
Being converted to matter
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Enzymes are found in certain cells.
Reactions involving certain substrates are catalyzed by specific enzymes.
Enzymes require certain concentrations of substrates.
Reactions with certain activation energies are catalyzed by certain enzymes.
Concentration of substrates work with certain enzymes.
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Products.
Substrates.
Carriers.
Prosthetics.
Effectors.
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Energetics
Activity.
Digestive power.
Entropy
Metabolism
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Temperature.
PH
Irreversible inhibitors such as DIPF.
Allosteric effectors.
All of the above
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Chemical bonds
Concentration gradient
Electric charge imbalance
Both a and b
All of the above
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Large negative (delta) G
Change in free energy.
Negative (delta) G.
(delta) G near zero.
Large positive (delta) G.
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Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, whereas noncompetitive inhibitors change the shape of the active site.
Competitive inhibitors have a higher energy of activation than noncompetitive inhibitors have.
They function at different pH values.
Noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors contain magnesium, whereas competitive inhibitors contain iron.
Noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors are reversible, whereas competitive inhibitors are irreversible.
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Transition state.
Aactivations groove.
Catalyst.
Enzyme-substrate complex.
Energy barrier.
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High concentration of dissolved material; low concentration of dissolved material
Low concentration of dissolved material; high concentration of dissolved material
Hypertonic solution; hypotonic solution
Negative osmotic potential; positive osmotic potential
Low concentration of water; high concentration of water
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RNAse.
Ribonuclease
All allosteric enzyme.
A regulatory enzyme.
A ribozyme.
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Trypsin is a protein, and elastase is not.
DG for the two reactions is different.
The shape of the active site for the two enzymes is different.
One of the reactions is endergonic and the other is exergonic.
Hydrolysis of lysine bonds requires water; hydrolysis of alanine bonds does not
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Feedback activation
Feedback inhibition
Positive feedback
Concerted activation
Competitive inhibition
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Methanol
Acetone
Isotonic saline
High temperatures (relative to room temperature)
Low temperature (below the freezing point of water)
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The cell will shrivel.
The cell will swell and burst.
The cell will shrivel and then return to normal.
The cell will swell and then return to normal.
Water moves into and out of the cell at an equal rate, but there is no net change.
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Free energy (G).
Entropy (S).
Chaos theory.
Thermodynamics.
Equilibrium.
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Several subcellular components can be seen, including the cell nucleus
Adding stain to the specimen can provide contrast to help visualize various components
By adjusting the focus, you can observe different depth of fields and get a better idea of a cell's three dimensional structure
You can see individual atoms
You can measure the length of a cell by knowing the diameter of field and the total magnification
In the same direction as diffusion moves them.
In the opposite direction in which diffusion moves them.
In a direction that tends to bring about equilibrium.
Toward higher pH.
Toward higher osmotic potential.
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Rough ER; Golgi apparatus; vesicle; plasma membrane
Golgi Apparatus; rough ER; lysosome
Lysosome; vesicle; plasma membrane
Plasma membrane; cloated vesicle; lysosome
Rough ER; cytoplasm; plasma membrane
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Shrink.
Swell.
Burst.
Do not change.
Swell but not burst because of the cell wall.
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Ability of the ion to let go of its water
Concentration gradient and elec trochemical imbalances
Number of channel proteins present.
Size and charge of the ion.
Presence of specific stimuli to open gated channel proteins.
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Increasing the amount of free energy of the reaction.
Lowering the activation energy of the reaction.
Decreasing the equilibrium constant of the reaction.
Supplying energy to speed up the reaction.
Changing the shape of the active site.
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Induced fit.
Enzyme flex.
The lock and key paradox
Substrate-induced active site shaping.
Enzyme retrofit.
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The place where a substrate molecule binds to an enzyme
A reactant with high potential energy
The combination of a substrate and an enzyme
The state at which the bonds of reactants are unstable
The active site where reactants are oriented.
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Temperature of the solution
Concentration gradient
Electrical charge of the diffusing material
Presence of other substances in the solution
Molecular diameter of the diffusing material
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Phagocytosis.
Pinocytosis.
Active transport.
Diffusion.
Osmosis.
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Require ATP.
Require the use of proteins as carriers
Carry solutes in only one direction
Increase without limit as the concentration gradient increases.
Depend on the solubility of the solute in lipids.
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The part of the substrate that binds with an enzyme.
The part of the enzyme that binds with a substrate.
The site where energy is added to an enzyme catalyst.
The site where enzymes are found in cells.
None of these.
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Facilitated diffusion requires the use of ATP.
As the concentration difference increases, molecules interfere with one another.
The carrier proteins are saturated.
The transport protein must be of the channel type
The diffusion constant depends on the concentration difference.
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A uniport.
A symport.
An exchange channel.
Diffusion.
An antiport.
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Is non-specific.
Allows small molecules to enter cells.
Results in the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles.
Directly involves the Golgi apparatus.
Is anothher name for phagocytosis.
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Endergonic; exergonic; an increase
Endergonic; exergonic; a decrease
Exergonic; endergonic; no charge
Exergonic; endergonic; an increase
Endergonic; exergonic; no change
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Decreases the concentration of an inactive enzyme.
Changes the shape of an enzyme.
Increases the concentration of a product.
Changes the shape of substratye
Increases the concentration of an enzyme-substrate complex.
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The reaction will never reach equilibrium.
The free energy of ADP and phosphate is higher than the free energy of ATP.
The reaction requires energy.
The reaction is endergonic.
The reaction is exergonic.
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An enzyme changes shape when it b inds to a substrate.
Enzymes lower the activation energy.
Enzymes are highly specific
An enzyme may orient substrates, induce strain, or temporarily add chemical groups.
Most enzymes are much smaller than their substrates.
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The cell membrane to the vesicles
The Golgi apparatus to the cell membrane
The smooth ER to the rough ER
Coated pits to the inside of the cell.
The nuclear envelope directly to the cell membrane.
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Enzymes have the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms attached to them.
The concentration of substrate reaches a point at which it cannot increase any further.
Substrates are inhibitors of enzymes.
The activation energy of the reaction reaches a point at which it cannot be lowered further.
There are a limited number of the enzyme molecules present.
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Requires energy.
Never requires direct input of ATP.
Moves molecules with a concentration gradient.
Both a and c
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Begin with the stage all of the way down to provide ample room to mount the slide
Use the lowest power objective to maximize field of view
Once the slide is mounted, adjust the stage all the way up because this will be closer to being in focus than the slide-mount position
Adjust the coarse focus first to bring the object into view. Then sharpen focus with the fine adjustment.
All of the preceding are the correct steps to viewing a slide.
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Nucleus
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Central Vacuole
Chloroplast
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Hydroxide ions pass through the membrane as indicated by the phenolphthalein turning pink on the inside of the bag
Starch passes through the membrane as indicated by the appearance of purple-black color as it reacts with the iodine on the outside of hte bag
Iodine passes through the membrane as indicated by the appearance of purple black color as it reacts with the starch on the inside of the bag
Both a and b
Both a and c
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Desmosomes and gap junctions contain keratin, whereas tight junctions have collagen.
Gap junctions and tight junctions have specialized protein channels called connexons; desmosomes do not.
Tight juctions and desmosomes have mechanical roles, whereas gap junctions facilitate communication between cells.
Desmosomes and gap junctions are found in epithelial tissue, whereas tight junctions are found in nerve cells.
They all have different functions; however, their structure is the same.
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A side chain
Coenzymes
A coupled reaction.
A prosthetic group.
Cofactors.
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