Bio 2 Warm-up Quiz #3 (Fall 2014)

The most likely cell type in this scenario is a prokaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cells are characterized by their lack of membrane-bound organelles, such as a nucleus or mitochondria. They are typically found in bacteria and archaea. Plant and animal cells are examples of eukaryotic cells, which have membrane-bound organelles. Therefore, the absence of membrane-bound organelles suggests that the observed cells are prokaryotic.

A concentration gradient refers to the difference in the concentration of dissolved particles between two locations. It represents how the concentration of particles changes or varies from one area to another.

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions. They speed up the rate at which food molecules are broken down into smaller molecules, such as glucose, to release energy. Enzymes achieve this by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Without enzymes, the breakdown of food would be too slow to provide the necessary energy for cellular processes. Therefore, enzymes directly control the rate at which food is broken down to release energy.

Both structures X and Y have the function of movement in common. This means that both structures are involved in the ability to move or change position. Movement is an essential function for organisms to navigate their environment, find food, escape predators, and carry out other necessary activities for survival.

Active transport is the most likely process occurring when energy is needed to move materials into or out of a cell. Unlike passive transport, which relies on the concentration gradient to move molecules across the cell membrane, active transport requires the use of energy (usually ATP) to move molecules against the concentration gradient. This process is essential for the cell to maintain homeostasis and control the movement of specific molecules in and out of the cell.

The statement "New cells are produced by division of existing cells" supports the cell theory as it is stated today. The cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms, and new cells are produced from pre-existing cells. This statement aligns with the idea that new cells are formed through cell division, which is a fundamental process in the cell theory.

The correct answer is Active transport. Active transport is a process in which molecules or ions move across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring the use of energy in the form of ATP. The diagram likely depicts a situation where molecules are being actively transported across the membrane, indicating the involvement of energy and the movement against the concentration gradient.

Exocytosis is the process by which cells remove large amounts of material. During exocytosis, vesicles containing waste materials or cellular products fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents outside the cell. This allows cells to eliminate excess substances, such as toxins or metabolic waste, or to secrete molecules like hormones or enzymes. Endocytosis is the opposite process, where cells take in materials from the external environment. Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis specifically used to engulf and digest large particles or pathogens. Osmosis, on the other hand, is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane to equalize solute concentrations.

Eukaryotic cells have the ability to assemble into multicellular organisms because they are more complex and have specialized organelles that allow for cell differentiation and communication. This allows cells to come together and form tissues, organs, and ultimately multicellular organisms. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, lack these specialized structures and are typically single-celled organisms.

The best evidence that a cell is using active transport to move a substance across its cell membrane is the rapid consumption of ATP near the cellular membrane. Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient. The rapid consumption of ATP indicates that the cell is actively using energy to transport the substance across the membrane.