Anp II Final Exam
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- 1.Which is NOT a major function of the blood?
- A.
Transportation of nutrients
- B.
Regulation of blood pH
- C.
Production of oxygen
- 2.The normal average temperature of blood is around
- A.
98.6OF
- B.
90.8OF
- C.
100.4OF
- 3.The normal pH range for blood
- A.
7.35-7.45
- B.
7.35-8.5
- C.
7.35-9.45
- 4.Which of the following is not a component of blood?
- A.
Blood plasma
- B.
Platelets
- C.
Carbon dioxide
- 5.The hematocrit is composed of
- A.
WBC c.
- B.
Platelets
- C.
RBC
- 6.How much of blood plasma is water (approximately)?
- A.
95%
- B.
91%
- C.
88%
- 7.Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in disease resistance
- A.
Albumins
- B.
Globulins
- C.
Fibrinogens
- 8.Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting?
- A.
Albumins
- B.
Fibrinogens
- C.
Globulins
- 9.A hemocrit measures
- A.
Percentage of RBC in packed blood
- B.
Percentage of WBC in packed blood
- C.
Percentage of platelets in packed blood
- 10.The process by which formed elements of the blood develop is called:
- A.
Immunology
- B.
Hemopoiesis
- C.
None of the above
- 11.A megakaryoblast will develop into
- A.
Red blood cell
- B.
Platelet
- C.
White blood cell
- 12.During hemopoiesis, some of the myeloid stem cells differentiate into
- A.
Progenitor cells
- B.
Enzymes
- C.
Plasma proteins
- 13.This hormone stimulates proliferation of red blood cells in red bone marrow
- A.
EPO
- B.
TPO
- C.
Human growth hormone
- 14.How many hemoglobin molecules are in each RBC?
- A.
50 million
- B.
100 million
- C.
280 million
- 15.Ferritin is used to
- A.
Transport iron
- B.
Store iron
- C.
Convert iron
- 16.A red blood cell’s function is
- A.
Cytokine stimulation
- B.
Blood cell proliferation
- C.
Gas transport
- 17.A red blood cell without a nucleus is called a
- A.
Precursor cell
- B.
Interleukin
- C.
Reticulocyte
- 18.Which of the following is a phagocyte?
- A.
Monocytes
- B.
Lymphocyte
- C.
Platelet
- 19.Which of the following reduces blood loss?
- A.
Erythrocyte
- B.
Platelet
- C.
Lymphocyte
- 20.Which of the following promotes inflammation?
- A.
Monocyte
- B.
Basophil
- C.
Lymphocyte
- 21.Which of the following destroys antigen-antibody complexes?
- A.
Eosinophil
- B.
Monocyte
- C.
Lymphocyte
- 22.Which of the following destroys provides immune responses?
- A.
Eosinophil
- B.
Macrophage
- C.
Lymphocyte
- 23.Which of the following is not an agranular leukocyte?
- A.
Macrophaged.
- B.
Lymphocyte
- C.
Basophil
- 24.The process of a white blood cell squeezing between cells to exit the blood vessel is called
- A.
Emigration
- B.
Wandering
- C.
Adhesion
- 25.Which of the following do mast cells not release?
- A.
Heparin
- B.
Nitric oxide
- C.
Histamine
- 26.This hormone causes the development of megakaryoblasts.
- A.
Erythropoietin
- B.
Thrombopoietin
- C.
Nitric oxide
- 27.Which methods provide hemostasis
- A.
Platelet plug formation, vascular spasm, clotting
- B.
Hemolysis, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation
- C.
Emigration, clotting, hemolysis
- 28.Once this is formed, the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are identical.
- A.
Thromboplastin
- B.
Fibrinogen
- C.
Prothrombinase
- 29.Which of the following clotting factors has the most to do with strengthening and stabilizing a blood clot?
- A.
Factor XI
- B.
Factor XIII
- C.
Factor XIV
- 30.Considering Rh blood types, which of the below situations would result in maternal antibodies attacking the fetus?
- A.
Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive
- B.
Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh negative
- C.
Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh negative
- 31.Which of the following opposes the action of thromboxane A2
- A.
Plasmin
- B.
Antithrombin
- C.
Prostacyclin
- 32.Which of the following is an anticoagulant?
- A.
Heparin
- B.
Fibrinogen
- C.
Protease
- 33.This is the mass of tissue from the sternum to the vertebral column between the lungs.
- A.
Parietal layer
- B.
Mediastinum
- C.
Pericardial tissue
- 34.This is the layer that protects the heart.
- A.
Epicardium
- B.
Parietal layer
- C.
Myocardial tissue
- 35.To which side of the body is the apex pointed?
- A.
At the midline
- B.
To the left
- C.
To the right
- 36.Which of the following consists of inelastic dense irregular connective tissue?
- A.
Parietal layer of pericardium
- B.
Serous pericardium
- C.
Fibrous pericardium
- 37.This is used to reduce the friction between membranes of the heart.
- A.
Endocardium layer
- B.
Pericardial (serous) fluid
- C.
Pericardium
- 38.This consists of mesothelium and connective tissue.
- A.
Epicardium
- B.
Myocardium
- C.
Endocardium
- 39.Which layer consists of cardiac muscle tissue?
- A.
Epicardium
- B.
Pericardium
- C.
Myocardium
- 40.This is used to increase the capacity of the atrium.
- A.
Interatrial septum
- B.
Ventricle
- C.
Auricle
- 41.This marks the boundary between the ventricles.
- A.
Posterior interventricular sulcus
- B.
Coronary sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus
- C.
Anterior and posterior intercentricular sulcus
- 42.These extend into the auricle.
- A.
Pectinate muscles
- B.
Interatrial septum
- C.
Coronary sulcus
- 43.Through which structure does blood pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
- A.
Bicuspid valve
- B.
Interventricular septum
- C.
Tricuspid valve
- 44.What types of tissue comprise the valves of the heart?
- A.
Dense regular connective tissue
- B.
Dense irregular connective tissue
- C.
Areolar connective tissue
- 45.From the left ventricle, where does blood pass?
- A.
Bicuspid valve
- B.
Aortic semilunar valve
- C.
Pulmonary trunk
- 46.In a fetus, this structure temporarily shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta.
- A.
Trabeculae carnae
- B.
Descending aorta
- C.
Ductus arteriosus
- 47.As each ventricle contracts, where does blood move?
- A.
Into an artery
- B.
Into the apex
- C.
Into a vein
- 48.As each atrium contracts where does blood move?
- A.
Through an atrioventricular valve
- B.
Into a vein
- C.
Through a semilunar valve
- 49.Which of the below valves prevents blood from flowing back from the lungs?
- A.
Tricuspid valve
- B.
Bicuspid valve
- C.
Pulmonary valve
- 50.In this disorder the aortic valve is narrowed.
- A.
Mitral valve prolapse
- B.
Aortic stenosis
- C.
Mitral insufficiency
- 51.This heart structure carries deoxygenated blood
- A.
Left atrium and ventricle
- B.
Left artium only
- C.
Right atrium and ventricle
- 52.This vessel distributes oxygenated blood to the myocardium.
- A.
Coronary artery
- B.
Coronary vein
- C.
Right ventricle
- 53.Cardiac muscle fibers electrically connect to neighboring fibers by
- A.
Desmosomes
- B.
Intermediate discs
- C.
Gap junctions
- 54.Which of the following contains the largest amount of mitochondria?
- A.
Smooth muscle
- B.
Skeletal muscle
- C.
Cardiac muscle
- 55.This is a network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart
- A.
Sinoatrial node
- B.
Purkinje fibers
- C.
Conduction system
- 56.This is a the correct sequence of structures that allows the normal sequence of excitation to progress through the heart.
- A.
Purkinje fibers, AV node, SA node, Bundle of His
- B.
SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
- C.
Bundle of His, SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers
- 57.By comparison, cardiac muscle cells have _____________contraction plateau time than skeletal muscle cells.
- A.
A shorter
- B.
a longer
- C.
No difference in
- 58.This is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute.
- A.
Cardiac output
- B.
Cardiac input
- C.
Stroke volume
- 59.This term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when contraction occurs and blood pressure rises.
- A.
Filling
- B.
Systole
- C.
repolarization
- 60.Which of these periods represents greatest cardiac output?
- A.
Ventricular diastole
- B.
Atrial systole
- C.
Ventricular systole
- 61.The second heart sound represents which of the below events?
- A.
Semilunar valves opening
- B.
Atrioventricular valves closed
- C.
Semilunar valves closing
- 62.This part of the heart can initiate a contraction and can set a constant heart rate of about 100 beats per minute.
- A.
Cardiovascular center
- B.
Sinoatrial valve
- C.
Proprioceptors
- 63.Stimulation of this nerve reduces heart rate.
- A.
Medulla oblongata nerve
- B.
Vagus nerve
- C.
Phrenic nerve
- 64.Which of the below reduces heart rate.
- A.
Increased potassium levels
- B.
Increased Thyroid hormone
- C.
Increased calcium levels
- 65.This part of the brain regulates heart rate.
- A.
Cardiac accelerator nerves
- B.
Chemoreceptors
- C.
Medulla oblongata
- 66.This electrical event represents repolarization of the ventricle.
- A.
R wave
- B.
T wave
- C.
S wave
- 67.Which of the below factors would increase Stroke volume?
- A.
increased preload, increased afterload, increased contractility
- B.
Decreased preload, decreased afterload, decreased contractility
- C.
Increased preload, decreased afterload, increased contractility
- 68.This electrical event triggers contraction of the atria.
- A.
S wave
- B.
P wave
- C.
Q wave
- 69.Which of the following is the blood vessel that distributes blood to organs?
- A.
Arteries
- B.
Capillaries
- C.
Venules
- 70.This is a blood vessel that conveys blood from the tissues back to the heart.
- A.
Arteriole
- B.
Aorta
- C.
Vein
- 71.Which artery wall is responsible for vasoconstriction?
- A.
Tunica interna
- B.
Tunica media
- C.
Tunica externa
- 72.This layer of the artery is composed mainly of elastic and collagen fibers.
- A.
Tunica interna
- B.
Tunica media
- C.
Tunica externa
- 73.When an artery or arteriole is damaged, its smooth muscle contracts producing
- A.
a branch off the artery called an arteriole
- B.
A vascular spasm
- C.
tetanus
- 74.Elastic arteries function as a
- A.
conduit to the tissues of the trunk only
- B.
barrier to microcirculation
- C.
Pressure reservoir
- 75.These vessels make up the largest blood reservoir
- A.
Venules and capillaries
- B.
Veins and venules
- C.
Aorta and veins
- 76.This vessel plays a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries.
- A.
Arteries
- B.
Arterioles
- C.
Venules
- 77.Which of the below is NOT found in arteries but is found in veins?
- A.
Tunica media
- B.
Tunica interna
- C.
valves
- 78.Capillaries are also known as
- A.
Exchange vessels
- B.
Vasodilators
- C.
Vasoconstrictors
- 79.Which of the below is the most important capillary exchange method?
- A.
Diffusion
- B.
transcytosis
- C.
Bulk flow
- 80.These control the flow of blood through a capillary bed
- A.
Thoroughfare channel
- B.
Postcapillary sphincter
- C.
Precapillary sphincter
- 81.Continuous capillaries can be found in the following tissues.
- A.
Connective tissue
- B.
lungs
- C.
All of the above
- 82.The alternate route of blood flow to a body part through an anastomosis is called
- A.
Detour blood
- B.
Collateral circulation
- C.
microcirculation
- 83.The largest factor that promotes reabsorption of fluids, into blood, from the interstitial fluids is
- A.
Tissue osmotic pressure
- B.
Blood osmotic pressure
- C.
Blood hydrostatic pressure
- 84.The pressure driven movement of fluids and solutes from blood into interstitial fluid is called
- A.
reabsorption
- B.
filtration
- C.
Bulk flow
- 85.This is the volume of blood that flows through any tissue in a given time period.
- A.
Microcirculation
- B.
Circulation
- C.
Blood flow
- 86.Blood flow depends on which of following criteria.
- A.
Blood pressure and systemic vascular pressure
- B.
Blood type
- C.
Blood pressure and heart rate
- 87.Which of the below would NOT increase blood pressure.
- A.
Increased heart rate
- B.
Increased stroke volume
- C.
Decreased cardiac output
- 88.Which of the below factors do NOT increase systemic vascular resistance?
- A.
Decreased vessel lumen diameter
- B.
increased blood viscosity
- C.
Decreased vessel length
- 89.This depends mostly on the ratio of RBC to plasma volume
- A.
total blood volume .
- B.
Blood viscosity
- C.
Systemic resistance
- 90.Circulation time
- A.
Varies with diet
- B.
in a resting person is normally 1 minute
- C.
is set by the hypothalamus
- 91.The cardiovascular center is located
- A.
in the cerebellum
- B.
in the medulla oblongata
- C.
In the hypothalamus
- 92.Which of the below factors is most important in forcing blood flow through veins?
- A.
Heart rate
- B.
Stroke volume
- C.
Muscular activity
- 93.Which of the below would be the response of the body as a result of decreased frequency of action potentials arising from the baroreceptors?
- A.
Increased blood pressure
- B.
Increased parasympathetic stimulation
- C.
Decreased heart rate
- 94.Which of the following hormones would NOT cause an increase in blood pressure?
- A.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
- B.
Antidiuretic Hormone
- C.
Aldosterone
- 95.Chemoreceptors in blood vessels measuring high levels of blood carbon dioxide would NOT cause which of the following
- A.
Decreased respiratory rate
- B.
Increased blood pressure
- C.
Decreased heart rate
- 96.The myogenic response make smooth muscle
- A.
Contract more forcefully when stretched
- B.
Contract more forcefully when relaxed
- C.
Stay in an isotonic state
- 97.What do these chemicals have in common: potassium, hydrogen ions, lactic acid, nitric oxide and adenosine?
- A.
They are all potent vasoconstrictors
- B.
They are all potent vasodilators
- C.
They are used to begin smooth muscle contractions
- 98.Where can pulse not be felt?
- A.
Venules
- B.
Capillaries
- C.
Arterioles
- 99.This pressure provides information about the condition of the cardiovascular system such as atherosclerosis and patent ductus arteriosus.
- A.
Diastolic blood pressure
- B.
Systolic blood pressure
- C.
Pulse pressure
- 100.This type of shock is due to decreased blood volume
- A.
Hypovolemic
- B.
Cardiogenic
- C.
Vascular
- 101.Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic and immune system?
- A.
Draining excess interstitial fluid
- B.
Maintaining water homeostasis in the body
- C.
Transporting dietary lipids
- 102.What is the major difference between lymph and interstitial fluid?
- A.
Composition of electrolytes
- B.
White blood cells are present in lymph
- C.
Location
- 103.Lack of resistance is also known as:
- A.
Innate
- B.
Specific
- C.
Susceptibility
- 104.What causes lymph from the small intestines to appear white?
- A.
RBC
- B.
Lipids
- C.
Fats
- 105.Which of the following is not considered an organ of the immune system?
- A.
Red bone marrow
- B.
Thymus
- C.
Pancreas
- 106.The left subclavian vein receives lymph from
- A.
Jugular trunk
- B.
Thoracic duct
- C.
Right lymphatic duct
- 107.The lymph from the right foot empties into the
- A.
Jugular trunk
- B.
Thoracic duct
- C.
Right lymphatic duct
- 108.The skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps are used in
- A.
Immune system
- B.
Lymphatic and Immune systems only
- C.
Lymphatic, Immune and Cardiovascular systems
- 109.Which of the below produces the hormone that promotes maturation of T cells?
- A.
Red bone marrow
- B.
Pancreas
- C.
Thymus
- 110.In the thymus, where is it speculated that T cells die.
- A.
Trabeculae
- B.
Hasall’s corpuscles
- C.
Epithelial cell
- 111.This portion of the lymph node does not contain any lymphatic nodules.
- A.
Inner cortex
- B.
Medulla
- C.
Outer cortex
- 112.Which of the following is a function of the spleen?
- A.
Removes worn out blood cells
- B.
Circulates lymph
- C.
Cleanses interstitial fluid
- 113.Which of these does NOT provide a physical or chemical barrier?
- A.
Macrophages
- B.
Saliva
- C.
Urine
- 114.These anti-microbial substances will diffuse to uninfected cells and reduce production of viral proteins.
- A.
Complement proteins
- B.
Defensins
- C.
Interferons
- 115.These anti-microbial substances promote cytolysis, phagocytosis and inflammation.
- A.
Transferrins
- B.
Perforins
- C.
Complement proteins
- 116.These are mainly used to kill infectious microbes and tumor cells.
- A.
Natural killer cells
- B.
platelets
- C.
Perforins
- 117.Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?
- A.
Heat
- B.
Pain
- C.
Mucus production
- 118.Which of the following intensifies the effect of interferons and promotes the rate of repair?
- A.
Complement proteins
- B.
Perforin
- C.
Fever
- 119.Which of the below do NOT induce vasodilation and permeability (increased fluid flow) to an infection site.
- A.
Histamines
- B.
Kinins
- C.
Perforin
- 120.When B and T cells are fully developed and mature, they are known to be
- A.
Immunocompetent
- B.
Pluripotent stem cells
- C.
Primary lymphatic cells
- 121.This induces production of a specific antibody.
- A.
Phagocytosis
- B.
Antigen
- C.
Antibody
- 122.This can only stimulate an immune response if attached to a large carrier molecule.
- A.
Epitope
- B.
Antigen
- C.
Hapten
- 123.Which of the following is responsible for diversity in the immune system?
- A.
MHC
- B.
Hapten
- C.
MHC and antigen receptors
- 124.This class of cells includes macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells.
- A.
Antigen presenting cells
- B.
Primary lymphocytes
- C.
T cells
- 125.This can only become activated when bound to a foreign antigen and simultaneously receiving a co stimulate
- A.
B Cell
- B.
T Cell
- C.
Interferon
- 126.These display CD 4 in their membrane and are associated with MHC class II molecules
- A.
Cytotoxic T cells
- B.
Helper T Cells
- C.
Memory T Cells
- 127.T Cells secrete this toxin that is used to fragment DNA.
- A.
Interferons
- B.
Lymphotoxin
- C.
Toxin T
- 128.This class of antibodies is mainly found in sweat, tears, breast milk and GI secretions.
- A.
IgG
- B.
IgA
- C.
IgM
- 129.This will lead to inflammation, enhancement of phagocytosis and bursting of microbes.
- A.
Classical complement system
- B.
Alternative complement system
- C.
Classical and Alternative complement systems
- 130.This action makes microbes more susceptible to phagocytosis.
- A.
Opsonization
- B.
Cytolysis
- C.
Inflammation
- 131.This is a self-responsive cell that is inactive.
- A.
Epitopic cell
- B.
Anergy cell
- C.
Natural killer cell
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