Industrialization: Key Concepts and Its Effects Around the World
Lesson Overview
- Unhealthy Living Conditions Shortened Lifespans
- Agricultural Revolution Increased Population
- Farmers and Industrial Workers Shared Challenges
- Capitalism Was Criticized for Unequal Wealth
- Dreyfus Case Showed Anti-Semitism
- Laissez-Faire Means Minimal Government Control
- Factory Working Conditions Did Not Improve Early
- War of 1812 Led U.S. to Industrialize
- Environment Did Not Improve During Industrialization
- Population Migrated from Farms to Cities
This lesson explores the major social, economic, and technological changes during industrialization, explaining how these shifts transformed societies and shaped the modern world.
Unhealthy Living Conditions Shortened Lifespans
People living in industrial cities faced pollution, overcrowding, and poor sanitation. These factors caused illnesses and shorter lifespans compared to rural areas.
Example: Factory workers often suffered from respiratory diseases due to smoke and dirty air.
Quick Tip: Poor city living conditions affected health.
Agricultural Revolution Increased Population
The Agricultural Revolution increased food production, leading to population growth as more food supported healthier and longer lives.
Example: Surplus crops allowed families to grow larger.
Quick Tip: More food means more people.
Farmers and Industrial Workers Shared Challenges
Both small farmers and industrial workers experienced long hours, job losses from technology, and social changes during industrialization.
Example: Both groups faced challenges adapting to new machines.
Quick Tip: Progress brought challenges to workers.
Capitalism Was Criticized for Unequal Wealth
Capitalism during industrialization created a wealth gap. A small elite gained much wealth, while many workers lived in poverty.
Example: Factory owners made profits; workers earned low wages.
Quick Tip: Capitalism caused social inequality.
Dreyfus Case Showed Anti-Semitism
The Dreyfus case revealed deep anti-Semitism in France when a Jewish officer was wrongfully convicted.
Example: The case sparked public debate about justice and prejudice.
Quick Tip: Anti-Semitism affected justice systems.
Laissez-Faire Means Minimal Government Control
Laissez-faire economics lets business owners set working conditions without government interference.
Example: Factory owners decided wages and hours.
Quick Tip: Laissez-faire supports free markets.
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Factory Working Conditions Did Not Improve Early
Early factories had poor conditions-long hours, low pay, and unsafe environments.
Example: Workers faced dangerous machines and dirty air.
Quick Tip: Early factory work was harsh.
War of 1812 Led U.S. to Industrialize
The British blockade during the War of 1812 forced the U.S. to develop its own industries.
Example: The U.S. started making textiles and iron.
Quick Tip: Blockades encouraged self-reliance.
Environment Did Not Improve During Industrialization
Industrialization caused pollution and resource depletion; environmental protection was neglected.
Example: Factories polluted rivers and air.
Quick Tip: Industry harmed the environment.
Population Migrated from Farms to Cities
Many people moved from rural farms to urban areas to work in factories.
Example: Cities grew as factories opened.
Quick Tip: Industrialization caused urban migration.
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