World History B Final Exam Review Quiz

Improvements in sanitation and medicine have led to people living longer and healthier lives. Sanitation improvements, such as clean water supply and proper waste disposal, have reduced the spread of diseases and improved overall hygiene. Additionally, advancements in medicine have led to the development of vaccines, antibiotics, and better treatments for various illnesses, resulting in improved healthcare and increased life expectancy. These factors have collectively contributed to the better health and longevity of individuals.

The Nuremberg Trials were conducted to hold the Nazi officials accountable for their crimes committed during the Holocaust. The Holocaust refers to the systematic persecution and genocide of around six million Jews by the Nazi regime during World War II. The trials aimed to bring justice to the victims and establish the principle that individuals can be held responsible for their actions, even in times of war.

Nelson Mandela is known as the first black president of South Africa. He played a significant role in fighting against apartheid and promoting racial equality in the country. Mandela's leadership and activism led to his election as the first black president of South Africa in 1994, marking a historic moment in the country's history. His dedication to justice and reconciliation made him a global symbol of peace and freedom.

During the Industrial Revolution, the significant migration of people to cities from rural areas was primarily driven by economic opportunity. The rapid industrialization led to the establishment of factories and industries in urban areas, offering employment and better wages. This attracted people from rural areas who were seeking better economic prospects and a chance to improve their standard of living. The cities provided a larger market for goods and services, creating more job opportunities and the potential for upward mobility.

During the Korean War and the Vietnam War, the United States supported the Democratic South in both countries. The U.S. saw the communist regimes in North Korea and North Vietnam as a threat to democracy and capitalism. Therefore, they provided military and economic aid to the South in an effort to prevent the spread of communism. This support included sending troops and advisors to assist the South in their fight against the communist forces.

Militarism refers to the policy of glorifying power and building a strong military force in preparation for war. It emphasizes the importance of military strength and the use of force to achieve national objectives. This policy often leads to an arms race and an increased focus on military capabilities, which can have significant social, economic, and political implications for a nation.

Germany was forced to take the blame for World War I under the Treaty of Versailles. This was because Germany was seen as the main aggressor in the war and was held responsible for the damages caused. The treaty imposed heavy reparations on Germany and placed restrictions on its military and territory, leading to economic and political instability in the country. This blame placed on Germany was a significant factor in the rise of Adolf Hitler and the subsequent outbreak of World War II.

The terrorists targeted the buildings on September 11, 2001, not because they were close or had great value, but because of what they symbolized. These buildings, namely the World Trade Center towers and the Pentagon, represented symbols of American economic and military power. By attacking these iconic structures, the terrorists aimed to inflict significant damage, create fear, and send a powerful message to the United States and the world.

Industrialization led to the growth of cities and the emergence of a working class. As more people moved to urban areas for employment opportunities, they began to demand better working conditions, fair wages, and political representation. This eventually led to the expansion of suffrage and the right to vote for a larger portion of the population. Industrialization played a crucial role in the democratization of society, allowing more people to have a say in the political process and shaping the development of modern democracies.

Imperialism in Africa had a positive effect of modernization. Through colonization, European powers introduced modern infrastructure such as roads, railways, and communication systems. They also brought new technologies, education, and healthcare systems, which contributed to the development and modernization of African societies.

The "iron curtain" symbolized the division between communism and democracy. This term was used to describe the ideological and political divide that separated Eastern Europe, which was under communist rule, from Western Europe, which embraced democratic principles. The iron curtain represented the physical and metaphorical barrier that prevented the free flow of ideas, information, and people between these two ideological blocs during the Cold War.

Industrialization refers to the process of developing industries in a country or region. As industries grow, they tend to emit pollutants into the environment, resulting in increased pollution. This pollution can manifest in various forms such as air pollution, water pollution, and soil contamination. The rapid growth of industries during industrialization often leads to higher levels of pollution, which can have detrimental effects on ecosystems, human health, and the overall environment. Therefore, increased pollution is an expected environmental effect of industrialization.

The revolutions in America, France, and Haiti were all influenced by the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was a philosophical movement that emphasized reason, science, and individual rights. It challenged traditional authority and advocated for political and social change. The ideas of Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke and Voltaire influenced the American Revolution, the French Revolution, and the Haitian Revolution, as they promoted concepts of liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty. These revolutions were a direct response to the oppressive monarchies and social injustices of the time, and they sought to establish more democratic and egalitarian societies.

The Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest that the United States and the Soviet Union came to nuclear war. During this crisis in 1962, the Soviet Union secretly placed nuclear missiles in Cuba, which posed a direct threat to the United States. Tensions escalated as the U.S. discovered the missiles, leading to a standoff between the two superpowers. The crisis was resolved through diplomatic negotiations, with the U.S. agreeing not to invade Cuba and the Soviet Union removing the missiles. This event is considered one of the most dangerous moments of the Cold War.

Apartheid was a system of racial segregation, where different racial groups were separated and treated differently based on their race. This system was implemented in South Africa from 1948 to 1994, and it enforced strict laws that discriminated against non-white populations, particularly black Africans. The aim of apartheid was to maintain white minority rule and preserve the privileges and power of the white population. This system resulted in widespread human rights abuses, inequality, and social unrest, and it was eventually dismantled through a series of protests and international pressure.

During the Cold War, the United States led the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) alliance, which was formed in 1949 as a collective defense agreement among Western European and North American countries. On the other hand, the USSR (Soviet Union) led the Warsaw Pact, which was established in 1955 as a response to NATO and included Soviet-aligned countries in Eastern Europe. These two military alliances represented the divide between the Western and Eastern blocs during the Cold War.

Industrialization was an internal cause of increased European global power between 1500 and 1900. During this period, Europe experienced significant advancements in technology, manufacturing, and economic development. The Industrial Revolution led to the mechanization of production, the growth of factories, and the expansion of trade networks. This resulted in increased productivity, wealth accumulation, and the ability to dominate global markets. Industrialization allowed European powers to surpass other regions in terms of military strength, economic influence, and colonial expansion, ultimately leading to their rise as global powers.

"Containment" refers to the policy pursued by the United States during the Cold War era, which aimed to prevent the spread of communism. It involved various strategies such as military interventions, economic aid, and diplomatic efforts to contain the influence and expansion of communism, particularly by the Soviet Union. This policy was based on the belief that communism posed a threat to democracy and freedom, and therefore needed to be contained and eventually defeated.

The correct answer is "The Developing World." The term "Third World" originated during the Cold War era and referred to countries that were not aligned with either the capitalist or communist blocs. These countries were often characterized by their economic underdevelopment, poverty, and lack of industrialization. The term has since evolved to encompass countries that are still in the process of socio-economic development, facing challenges such as poverty, inequality, and limited access to resources and opportunities.

The increase in railroad trackage from 1840 to 1890 influenced the global economy by increasing trade. The expansion of railroads connected the interior regions to industrial centers and seaports, facilitating the transportation of goods and raw materials. This improved connectivity and efficiency in transportation resulted in a significant boost in trade, allowing for the exchange of goods on a larger scale. Additionally, the increased trade also led to economic growth and development in various regions, contributing to the overall expansion and integration of the global economy.

Industrialism led to the growth of democracy in Great Britain and the United States because it brought about significant economic changes. The Industrial Revolution led to the rise of factories, mass production, and the growth of the middle class. This created a new social and economic structure that challenged the traditional power of the aristocracy. As more people gained wealth and influence through industrialization, there was a push for political reforms and increased representation. This ultimately led to the expansion of democracy in both countries.

The response from society in regards to poor working conditions of women and children in factories was labor reform. This means that society recognized the need for changes and improvements in the working conditions and implemented reforms to address these issues. The focus was on improving the rights, safety, and well-being of workers, particularly women and children, in factories. This response indicates a recognition of the injustices and a willingness to take action to bring about positive change.

The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh economic and territorial terms on Germany after World War I, which exacerbated the economic difficulties caused by the Great Depression. The treaty forced Germany to make large reparation payments, give up valuable territories, and accept full responsibility for the war. These conditions severely weakened Germany's economy and contributed to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party, who promised to restore Germany's power and prestige. Therefore, the Treaty of Versailles had a greater effect on Germany during the Great Depression compared to other countries.

Detente is different from brinkmanship because it is less confrontational. Detente refers to a policy of easing tensions and promoting cooperation between nations, often through diplomatic negotiations and agreements. On the other hand, brinkmanship is a strategy where one party pushes a dangerous situation to the brink of conflict in order to force the other party to back down. While brinkmanship involves a high level of confrontation and risk-taking, detente focuses on reducing tensions and finding common ground.

After World War II, the USSR wanted to keep control over Eastern Europe to create a buffer zone against invasion from the west. This was mainly due to the historical context of the war, where the Soviet Union had suffered immense destruction and loss of life from invasions by Western powers like Germany. By establishing control over Eastern Europe, the USSR aimed to prevent any future invasions or threats from the western countries, ensuring the safety and security of their own territory.

The goal of the Zionists was to establish a Jewish homeland. This movement emerged in the late 19th century with the aim of creating a safe haven for Jewish people, who faced discrimination and persecution in various parts of the world. The Zionist movement gained momentum and eventually led to the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. The goal was to have a sovereign nation where Jewish people could gather, live, and practice their religion freely.

The correct answer is Germany's policy to sink any ship in British waters without warning. This policy was implemented by Germany during World War I in an attempt to cut off British supplies and cripple their economy. It involved the use of submarines, or U-boats, to attack and sink merchant and passenger ships without warning, leading to the loss of numerous lives and sparking international outrage.

The policy of appeasement refers to the strategy adopted by the British and French governments in the 1930s, where they allowed Germany to take territory in order to avoid war and maintain peace. This approach was taken in the hopes that by satisfying Germany's territorial ambitions, it would prevent further aggression and conflict. However, this policy ultimately failed as it only emboldened Germany and contributed to the outbreak of World War II.

The fall of the Berlin Wall was significant because it led to the reunification of Germany. The wall had divided East and West Germany for nearly three decades, symbolizing the divide between communism and capitalism. Its fall in 1989 marked the end of the Cold War and paved the way for the reunification of East and West Germany in 1990. This event had a major impact on European history and politics, as it brought an end to the division of Germany and contributed to the formation of a more unified Europe.

Industrialization leads to imperialism because as countries industrialize, they require more natural resources to fuel their industries and more markets to sell their manufactured goods. This leads to competition among industrialized nations for access to these resources and markets, which often results in the colonization or domination of less industrialized countries. Additionally, as industrialization increases, workers often demand higher wages and better working conditions, which can also drive countries to seek new resources and markets through imperialism.

Britain used indirect rule in their African colonies. Indirect rule was a system where local traditional rulers were allowed to maintain their authority and rule with British oversight. This approach was used by the British to govern their colonies in Africa, such as Nigeria, Ghana, and Uganda. It aimed to maintain stability and minimize direct British involvement in local governance. The British appointed local chiefs and rulers as intermediaries, allowing them to continue their traditional systems of governance under British influence. This strategy was seen as a way to exploit local power structures and maintain control while minimizing costs and potential resistance.

Once the participating countries began devoting all of their resources to the war effort, the war became a "total war." In total war, all aspects of society, including the economy, industry, and civilian population, are mobilized and directed towards supporting the war. This means that not only the military, but also the entire nation is involved in the war, leading to a complete transformation of society and the economy.

European colonies played a crucial role in supplying raw materials during the Industrial Revolution. As European countries experienced rapid industrialization, they required a constant and abundant supply of raw materials such as cotton, rubber, timber, and minerals. The colonies served as a source of these resources, providing the necessary inputs for the manufacturing processes in Europe. This reliance on colonies for raw materials allowed European nations to focus on industrial production and expand their economies.

The economic consequence of the revolutions in Mexico, Haiti, and the Philippines was labor reform. These revolutions led to significant changes in the labor systems of these countries. They aimed to improve the rights and conditions of workers, such as establishing fair wages, limiting working hours, and providing better working conditions. The revolutions sought to address the exploitation and mistreatment of laborers, leading to reforms that aimed to create a more equitable and just labor system.

Asian isolationism refers to the policy of many Asian countries during the period between 1500 and 1900 to isolate themselves from external influences and interactions with the outside world. This allowed European powers to expand their influence and power globally. With Asian countries focusing on internal affairs and avoiding foreign trade and exploration, European nations were able to establish colonies, trade routes, and exploit resources in Asia, thus increasing their global power. This isolationism provided European powers with an opportunity to gain a significant advantage and dominance in global affairs during this time period.

As a result of nationalism, both Europe and Asia developed a foreign policy of militarism. Nationalism often leads to a strong sense of patriotism and a desire to protect and expand one's own nation. This can manifest in the form of a militaristic foreign policy, where countries prioritize the buildup of their military forces and use them to assert their national interests and influence in international affairs. This can include aggressive actions such as territorial expansion, colonization, and the pursuit of military alliances.