Year 11 Week 4 Quiz - Meiosis And The Digestive System

The gall bladder would contain a fluid that lacks digestive enzymes. The gall bladder stores bile, which is produced by the liver and aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. Bile does not contain digestive enzymes, but it helps in the emulsification and breakdown of fats into smaller droplets, making it easier for enzymes to act upon them.

During meiosis, the number of chromosomes in daughter cells is halved compared to the number of chromosomes in the parent cell. This is because meiosis involves two rounds of cell division, resulting in the formation of four haploid daughter cells. In contrast, mitosis produces two diploid daughter cells that have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Therefore, the correct answer is "half."

The correct answer is the pancreas. The pancreas is responsible for producing and releasing many enzymes that aid in the digestion of food in the small intestine. These enzymes include amylase, lipase, and proteases, which break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins respectively. The gall bladder stores and releases bile, which helps in the digestion of fats, but it does not produce enzymes. The small intestine does produce some enzymes, but the majority of the enzymes in the chyme would be produced by the pancreas. The stomach produces gastric juice, which contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin, but these are not the main enzymes involved in the digestion of chyme in the small intestine.

During metaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate of the cell. The orientation of the chromosomes is random, meaning that each pair of homologous chromosomes can align in different ways. This random orientation is important for genetic diversity as it allows for different combinations of chromosomes to be passed on to the daughter cells during the subsequent stages of meiosis.

The correct order of events during fat digestion, absorption, and transport is as follows: 4. bile salts emulsify fats, 5. lipase digests fat, 3. fatty acids and glycerol packaged into micelles, 2. triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol coated with protein, and 1. chylomicrons enter lacteals. Bile salts emulsify fats to increase their surface area for lipase to act on. Lipase then breaks down the fats into fatty acids and glycerol, which are then packaged into micelles. Triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol are then coated with proteins to form chylomicrons, which enter lacteals for transport.

Vitamins are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract without being digested because they are already in a form that can be easily absorbed by the body. Unlike starch, proteins, and triglycerides, which need to be broken down into smaller molecules before they can be absorbed, vitamins can be directly absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the cells where they are needed.

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up to undergo crossing over, which is essential for genetic recombination. This pairing allows for the exchange of genetic material between the homologous chromosomes. However, in prophase II, the cells are already haploid because they have undergone chromosome separation during meiosis I. Since there are no homologous chromosomes left to pair with, they cannot pair in prophase II. Therefore, the correct answer is that the cells are haploid during prophase II and therefore can't pair.

At the end of meiosis I, each daughter cell is haploid, meaning it contains half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell. Additionally, each chromosome consists of two chromatids, which are identical copies of the DNA molecule. This is because during meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate, resulting in the distribution of one chromosome from each pair to each daughter cell. Each of these chromosomes consists of two chromatids, which will eventually separate during meiosis II.

During meiosis, a crossover occurs when genetic material is exchanged between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. This exchange of genetic material leads to genetic recombination, which increases genetic diversity in offspring. The exchange occurs at specific points called chiasmata, where the non-sister chromatids break and rejoin, resulting in the swapping of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. This process is essential for proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis and the creation of genetically unique gametes.

Saliva contains the digestive enzyme amylase, which breaks down starch into maltose. When you suck on a plain piece of bread, the amylase in saliva starts breaking down the starch in the bread into maltose. Maltose is a disaccharide that has a sweet taste, which is why the bread begins to taste sweet after a few moments.