Systemic Pharmacology - Midterm 1

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  • 1/57 Questions

    Some drugs can deposit in specific tissues and accumulate there. This may result in ____ ( slower or faster ) drug release or eventual changes in the tissues. Examples of drugs with drug deposition issues include amiodarone/Pacerone and doxycycline/Vibramycin.

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About This Quiz

This midterm quiz in Systemic Pharmacology assesses knowledge on drug interactions, adverse effects, and pharmacologic prophylaxis. It is designed for medical students to evaluate their understanding of drug actions, uses, and patient responses to pharmacotherapy.

Pharmacology Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    Drugs that bind to serum proteins may compete with other drugs for the protein binding sites. Displacement of drug " A" from serum proteins by drug "B" may increase the concentration of unbound drug " A" in the serum

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Albumin is a major serum carrier, many drugs target albumin to help get it to the site of action. If a pt has a low albumin level and they have to take drugs that need albumin as a carrier the patient is often given serum from blood fractions.

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  • 3. 

    When drugs bind to albumin or other serum proteins, the amount of free, unbound drug is ______ ( increased or decreased ).

    Correct Answer
    decreased
    Explanation
    Protein bound drugs can reach higher concentrations between the blood and the tissues, whereas unbound, or free drug will reach an equilibrium between the blood and tissues.

    Decreases serum free drug usually means that there is less available drug to concentrate in a target organ.

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  • 4. 

    A drug interaction that occurs when a drug w/no inherent activity reverses the effects of another drug would be considered to be which of the following interaction types?

    • Synergy

    • Additive

    • Antagonism

    • Chelation

    Correct Answer
    A. Antagonism
    Explanation
    this is one of the quiz questions from class

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  • 5. 

    Intravenous medications might be needed in situations occurring in hospitals, whereas oral and opthalmic or other forms of medication are often more appropriate for outpatient use.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    This is an example of intended use of the drug effecting the formulation of the drug.

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  • 6. 

    Concerning drug transport mechanisms - molecules that are structurally similar can compete for carriers. Noncovalent binding binds drugs to carriers which then facilitate diffusion or carrier assisted diffusion.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Molecules that are structurally similar can compete for carriers in drug transport mechanisms. Noncovalent binding allows drugs to bind to carriers, which then facilitate diffusion or carrier assisted diffusion. This means that drugs with similar structures can potentially interfere with each other's transport by competing for the same carriers. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 7. 

    Blood from the mesenteric circulation ( GI) passes through the liver before entering other organs. Medications absorbed through the GI tract which pass through the liver can undergo some degree of metabolism on the first pass through the liver. At times, the effect can be so significant, that the oral dose must be much higher than the parenteral dose in order to assure effective serum concentraction levels after the initial pass through the liver. What is this phenomenon typically called?

    Correct Answer
    first pass effect
    Explanation
    The phenomenon described in the question is typically called the "first pass effect." This refers to the metabolism or alteration of a drug that occurs in the liver after it is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The drug is metabolized before it reaches systemic circulation, which can result in a significant reduction in its bioavailability. As a result, a higher oral dose of the medication may be required compared to a parenteral (non-oral) dose to achieve the desired therapeutic concentration in the bloodstream.

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  • 8. 

    Select the route of drug administration you might prefer to use during an emergency or very urgent situation according to Dr. J.

    • Oral

    • Ophthalmic

    • Subcutaneous

    • Intravenous

    • Intramuscular

    Correct Answer
    A. Intravenous
    Explanation
    Pg. 9 - under clinical situation

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  • 9. 

    A patient comes in for an annual exam. While taking the case history they tell you they have been placed on a new heart medication by their cardiologist. The patients reveals to you that they have had episodes of delirium and hallucinations in the past few weeks. What does it sound like the patient is experiencing?

    • Therapeutic effect

    • Adverse drug effect (ADE)

    • Antagonism

    • Drug dependence

    • Potentiation

    Correct Answer
    A. Adverse drug effect (ADE)
    Explanation
    Based on the given information, it sounds like the patient is experiencing an adverse drug effect (ADE). The patient's episodes of delirium and hallucinations could be side effects or negative reactions to the new heart medication prescribed by their cardiologist.

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  • 10. 

    _____ ( substrates or inducers) are drugs which are metabolized, at least in part by one or more CYP enzymes.  _____ ( substrates or inducers) are drugs that cause the production of one or more CYP enzymes.

    Correct Answer
    substrates, inducers
    Explanation
    Substrates are drugs that are metabolized by CYP enzymes, meaning these enzymes break down the drugs into smaller molecules. Inducers, on the other hand, are drugs that stimulate the production of CYP enzymes in the body. So, substrates are the drugs that are metabolized by CYP enzymes, while inducers are the drugs that cause the production of CYP enzymes.

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  • 11. 

    Current National Patient Safety Guidelines discourage use of"SL" as an abbreviation for sublingual.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    It can be mistaken for "SC" - subcutaneous

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  • 12. 

    Convert the following shorthand to lay person terms, select the best option: Clindamycin 600mg, one tab. P.O. q8hr x 7days

    • Clindamycin 600 milliliters, one tablet orally every eight hours for a treatment course of seven days

    • Clindamycin 600 milligrams, one tablet orally every eight hours for a treatment course of seven days

    • Clindamycin 600 milligrams, one tablespoon orally at 8 am and 8 pm for a treatment course of seven days

    • Clindamycin 600milliliters one tablet orally at 8am and 8pm for a treatment course of seven days.

    Correct Answer
    A. Clindamycin 600 milligrams, one tablet orally every eight hours for a treatment course of seven days
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Clindamycin 600 milligrams, one tablet orally every eight hours for a treatment course of seven days". This option accurately converts the shorthand prescription into lay person terms by specifying the dose (600 milligrams), route of administration (orally), frequency (every eight hours), and duration (seven days) of the medication.

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  • 13. 

    You prescribe moxifloxacin to your patient for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. However your patient comes back a week later and states that although the bacterial conjunctivitis cleared up it also caused some of her eyelashes to fall out. What is another term for an unusual or unexpected response to a drug?

    • Tolerance

    • Idiosyncracy

    • Withdrawal

    • First Pass effect

    Correct Answer
    A. Idiosyncracy
    Explanation
    An idiosyncrasy is a term used to describe an unusual or unexpected response to a drug. In this case, the patient experienced the unexpected side effect of eyelash loss after taking moxifloxacin for bacterial conjunctivitis. This idiosyncratic reaction is not a common or typical response to the drug, but rather a unique reaction specific to this individual.

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  • 14. 

    If a doctor is wants to prescribe medication that will allow the patient maximum ease to dose themselves what route of drug administration would be recommended?

    • Sublingual

    • Rectal (PR)

    • Ophthalmic

    • Oral

    • Dermatologic

    Correct Answer
    A. Oral
    Explanation
    pg. 10 - Oral one of the easiest routes for patients to dose themselves. Medications for oral administration should ideally be acid stable to withstand the low pH environment of the stomach. They should be absorbed quickly and passed through the intestinal lining in order to enter the bloodstream.

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  • 15. 

    Convert the following shorthand to lay person terms select the best option: Docusate sodium 100mg. one tab P.O. B.I.D PRN constipation

    • Docusate sodium 100 milligrams, one tablespoon orally twice daily as needed for constipation

    • Docusate sodium 100 milligrams, one tablet orally twice daily as needed for constipation

    • Docusate sodium 100 milligrams, one tablet orally before bedtime as needed for constipation

    • Docusate sodium 100 milligrams, one tablespoon orally aftr meals twice a day as needed

    Correct Answer
    A. Docusate sodium 100 milligrams, one tablet orally twice daily as needed for constipation
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Docusate sodium 100 milligrams, one tablet orally twice daily as needed for constipation." This option accurately translates the shorthand instructions to lay person terms, specifying the medication (Docusate sodium), the dosage (100 milligrams), the route of administration (orally), the frequency (twice daily), and the indication (as needed for constipation).

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  • 16. 

    The dosage for metoprolol/lopressor when prescribed orally is typically 25-50mg. This particular drug's dosage is affected by the first pass effect. If prescribed intravenously what dosage would you expect for metoprolol?

    • 100mg

    • 50mg

    • 25mg

    • 2.5mg

    Correct Answer
    A. 2.5mg
    Explanation
    You know that because of the first pass effect you will be able to administer a lower dosage through an IV. Only one answer choice is lower than the dosage for the oral dosage of metoprolol

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  • 17. 

    Which of the following statements is true regarding binding site affinity?

    • High affinity drug molecules are more likely to become dissociated from their binding sites than low affinity molecules

    • High affinity drug molecules are less likely to become dissociated from their binding sites than low affinity molecules

    • Neither statement is true

    Correct Answer
    A. High affinity drug molecules are less likely to become dissociated from their binding sites than low affinity molecules
    Explanation
    High affinity drug molecules are less likely to become dissociated from their binding sites than low affinity molecules. This means that high affinity molecules have a stronger attraction or binding to their target sites, resulting in a more stable interaction. As a result, it is less likely for these molecules to be displaced or dissociated from their binding sites compared to low affinity molecules.

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  • 18. 

    Altered absorption is always due to chelation

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Altered absorption - drugs may inhibit absorption of other drugs across physiologic membranes. Not all altered absorption is due to chelation

    An anti-ulcer medication that coats the stomach may decrease the GI absorption of other drugs = example of physiologic barrier to altered absorption.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following drugs primary use is not for treatment?

    • Metoprolol

    • Proparacaine

    • Moxifloxacin

    • Lopressor

    • Vancomycin

    Correct Answer
    A. Proparacaine
    Explanation
    Metoprolol is for hypertension, and lopressor is the brand name
    Moxifloxacin is for Tx of bacterial conjunctivitis
    Vancomycin and gentamicin is required t treat bacterial endocarditis

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  • 20. 

    Convert the following prescription into shorthand: Metoprolol 25 milligram tablet, take two tablets orally twice daily

    • Metoprolol 50mg PO B.I.D

    • Metoprolol 2 TABs B.I.D

    • Metoprolol 25mg TAB, two TABs PO B.I.D

    • Metoprolol 100mg PO daily

    Correct Answer
    A. Metoprolol 25mg TAB, two TABs PO B.I.D
    Explanation
    Option 1: expects pt to know they need to take 2 25mg tablets
    Option 2: lacks concentration and route
    Option 3: correct
    Option 4: gives amount for entire day, but it doesn't specify division of doses

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  • 21. 

    A patient was in a traumatic car accident. Upon arrival to a primitive hosipital the patient was given morphine for the pain ( they didn't have the really good stuff). After a few days the patient was given Naloxone to reverse the effect of morphine so they could get him out of the ED to make room for another poor sap. By itself naloxone typically does nothing, it's action is revealed after it is coupled with an opiate. The CNS, cardiovascular and respiratory depressant effect of morphine is reversed. This is an example of what kind of drug interaction?

    • Chelation

    • Antagonism

    • Additive Effects

    • Synergism

    • Potentiation

    Correct Answer
    A. Antagonism
    Explanation
    Antagonism: Drug inhibits the effect of another drug. Usually the antagonist has no inherent activity. "1 + 1 = 0"

    Synergism refers to the intended clinical effect(s), not potential adverse effects.

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  • 22. 

    Which of the following statements is false concerning the dermatologic route of drug administration.

    • It includes topical transdermal patches, where drugs are placed into adhesive patches applied to the skin.

    • Drugs can be absorbed through the skin and into the capillary bed for distribution via systemic circulation

    • The location of the dermatologic patch may be indicative of use, for example estrogen patches are typically placed on the lower back

    • It can be administered beneath the cutaneous layer of the skin

    Correct Answer
    A. It can be administered beneath the cutaneous layer of the skin
    Explanation
    The last option refers to subcutaneous which is a form of Parenteral route of drug administration

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  • 23. 

    Convert the following shorthand to lay person terms, select the best option: Regular insulin 5 units, SC qAC, HS

    • Regular Insulin 5 units, subcutaneous before every meal and before bedtime

    • Regular Insulin 5 units, subcutaneous after every meal and every half hour

    • Regular insulin 5 U, without correction around the clock and before every nap

    • Regular insulin 5 units,discontinue before every meal and before bedtime

    Correct Answer
    A. Regular Insulin 5 units, subcutaneous before every meal and before bedtime
    Explanation
    SC and SQ can both be used to mean subcutaneous - SQ is more common in the medical setting

    Option 3: NEVER abbreviate units as "U" because it can look like a "0" and they will give 50 units of insulin instead of 5

    DC = discontinue
    HS = at bedtime
    AC = BEFORE meals
    PC = AFTER meals

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  • 24. 

    During a pharm party people will bring pharmaceutical drugs and randomly take them not knowing what they are for. An 18yr old girl has just ingested two pills, because she's dumb she didn't realize that each of the drugs she took has CNS depressant effects. She is now feeling extremely sedated because the result of the two drugs is twice the CNS depressant effects experienced by the patient. This is an example of what kind of drug interaction?

    • Chelation

    • Antagonism

    • Additive Effects

    • Synergism

    • Potentiation

    Correct Answer
    A. Additive Effects
    Explanation
    Additive effects - The response elicited by combined drugs is EQUAL to the combined responses of the individual drugs. 1 +1 = 2

    Sedatives combined with opiates are a good example

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  • 25. 

    Select the best answer : Convert the following prescription: Artifical tears instill two drops in both eyes as needed for dryness/itching

    • Artificial tears 2 gtts OD/OS PRN dryness/itching

    • Artificial tears 2 gtts OU PRN dryness/itching

    • Artificial tears 2 gtts PRN dryness/itching

    • Artificial tears OU PRN dryness/itching

    Correct Answer
    A. Artificial tears 2 gtts OU PRN dryness/itching
    Explanation
    Option 1: not as concise as Option 2
    Option 3: which eye?
    Option 4:no amount given

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  • 26. 

    Renal function tests usually consist of checking blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels. The BUN is a much more sensitive indicator or renal function than the SCr.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    SCr more sensitive

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  • 27. 

    An optometrist places one drop of 0.5% proparacaine in a patient's OD eye prior to instilling a mydriatic/cycloplegic agent. In this case, the use of proparacaine would be considered to be wich of the following?

    • Diagnostic

    • Prophylactic

    • Treatment

    • Idiosyncractic

    Correct Answer
    A. Prophylactic
    Explanation
    Example question from class - she said most of her questions would be in this fashion.

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  • 28. 

    Convert the follow to shorthand: Levothyroxine 75 micrograms, take one tablet orally every morning one hour before breakfast

    • Levothyroxine 75mg, one tab P.O. qAM one hr prior to breakfast

    • Levothyroxine 75mcg, one tab P.O. qAM one hr prior to breakfast

    • Levothyroxine 0.0750 mcg, one tab P.O. qAM one hr prior to breakfast

    • Levothyroxine 75mcg, one tab P.O. qAC

    Correct Answer
    A. Levothyroxine 75mcg, one tab P.O. qAM one hr prior to breakfast
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Levothyroxine 75mcg, one tab P.O. qAM one hr prior to breakfast". This answer accurately converts the original prescription to shorthand by using the appropriate abbreviation for micrograms (mcg) and indicating the route of administration (P.O. for orally). It also specifies the frequency (qAM for every morning) and timing (one hr prior to breakfast) for taking the medication. The other options either use the incorrect abbreviation for micrograms (mg) or do not provide the necessary instructions for timing and frequency.

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  • 29. 

    _____ doses are given to reach therapeutic serum drug concentrations more quickly than administering routine intermittent doses. The first dose of the drug is calculated to be higher than the doses that will follow.

    Correct Answer
    Loading
    Explanation
    Loading doses are given to reach therapeutic serum drug concentrations more quickly than administering routine intermittent doses. The first dose of the drug is calculated to be higher than the doses that will follow. This initial higher dose helps to rapidly achieve the desired drug levels in the body, allowing for a quicker onset of therapeutic effects. Once the loading dose has been administered, subsequent doses can be given at regular intervals to maintain the desired drug concentration in the body.

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  • 30. 

    You patient was previously admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) for bacterial endocarditis. The attending physician was very aggressive with treatment and prescribed a course of medication with both Vancomysin and Gentamicin. The result is that the combination of these medications is more effective in killing the bacteria causing the infection than the effect that would be achieved by using either of the antibiotics.

    • Chelation

    • Antagonism

    • Additive Effects

    • Synergism

    • Potentiation

    Correct Answer
    A. Synergism
    Explanation
    The response elicited by combined drugs is GREATER than the combined responses of the individual drugs. 1+1 = 3

    Synergism refers to the intended clinical effect(s), not potential adverse effects.

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  • 31. 

    A diabetic patient with impaired gastroparesis will have trouble with which of the routes of drug administration?

    • Rectal (PR)

    • Dermatologic

    • Oral

    • Nasal

    • Parenteral

    • Subcutaneous

    Correct Answer
    A. Oral
    Explanation
    A diabetic patient with impaired gastroparesis will have trouble with the oral route of drug administration because gastroparesis is a condition that affects the stomach's ability to empty its contents properly. This can result in delayed or inconsistent absorption of orally administered drugs, making it difficult for the patient to receive the intended therapeutic effects of the medication.

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  • 32. 

    Another celebrity has made it to the tabloids for a drug problem. The publicist has announced that Justin Bieber is boldly getting help for opiate withdrawals. Which of the following is not a symptoms he would be experiencing from OPIATE withdrawls? 

    • Piloerection

    • Diarrhea

    • Seizures

    • Insomnia

    • Irritability

    Correct Answer
    A. Seizures
    Explanation
    Opiate withdrawals can cause symptoms such as piloerection (goosebumps), diarrhea, insomnia, and irritability. However, seizures are not typically associated with opiate withdrawals.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following is not a drug based factor that can affect the absorption through tissues and membranes?

    • Formulation

    • Water solubility

    • Molecular weight

    • Ionization

    • Lipid solubility

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. None of the above
    Explanation
    The question asks for a factor that does not affect absorption through tissues and membranes. The options given are formulation, water solubility, molecular weight, ionization, and lipid solubility. All of these factors can affect absorption to some extent. Formulation refers to the composition and preparation of the drug, which can affect its absorption properties. Water solubility and lipid solubility determine how easily the drug can dissolve in water or lipids, respectively, which can affect its ability to cross membranes. Molecular weight and ionization can also impact the drug's ability to pass through tissues and membranes. Therefore, none of the above options are correct as they are all drug-based factors that can affect absorption.

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  • 34. 

    Select the false statement

    • The generic name of a drug may also be referred to as the non-proprietary name. This name is irrespective of the manufacturer.

    • The trade name and the proprietary name are also known as the brand name.

    • The chemical name of the drug usually refers to the chemical structure of the drug.

    • Bayer Aspirin is an example of a trade name

    • Aspirin is an example of a chemical name that is irrespective of the manufacturer

    Correct Answer
    A. Aspirin is an example of a chemical name that is irrespective of the manufacturer
    Explanation
    The statement "Aspirin is an example of a chemical name that is irrespective of the manufacturer" is false. The chemical name of a drug is specific to its chemical structure and is not affected by the manufacturer. However, the trade name or brand name of a drug, such as Bayer Aspirin, can vary depending on the manufacturer.

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  • 35. 

    A 63 yr, asian male comes in for an eye exam. While taking his case history you discover they are taking Clonidin for the treatment of hypertension. Clonidin is an oral medication that works by decreasing your heart rate and relaxing the blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily through the body. You patient states he feels fine and mentions that he is almost out of medication and does not plan to refill his prescription since the doctor wants to increase the dosage. Why would you warn your patient against that course of action?

    • Psychological dependence

    • Opiate withdrawal

    • Altered metabolism

    • Physiologic dependence

    • Potentiation

    Correct Answer
    A. Physiologic dependence
    Explanation
    Physiologic dependence - occurs when the body physically/ physiologically develops reliance on a drug. Abrupt drug discontinuance can lead to adverse effects including but not limited to withdrawal, rebound etc.

    This is a danger in drugs such as Prednisone and opiate narcotics as well

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  • 36. 

    How many half lives would be needed before 95% or more of an administered drug dose is eliminated ? at 7am the first dose is 100mg.

    • 3

    • 5

    • 7

    • 10

    Correct Answer
    A. 5
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 5. Each half-life of a drug eliminates 50% of the remaining dose. Therefore, after 1 half-life, 50mg of the drug would remain. After 2 half-lives, 25mg would remain. After 3 half-lives, 12.5mg would remain. After 4 half-lives, 6.25mg would remain. And after 5 half-lives, only 3.125mg would remain. Since 95% or more of the drug dose needs to be eliminated, it would take at least 5 half-lives to achieve this.

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  • 37. 

    Select the false statement

    • With continuous infusion, the serum concentration of the drug will reach steady state after 4-5 half lives.

    • If a drug that is dependent on drug serum concentraction has trouble reaching the site of action this will result in a shorter half life.

    • With continuous infusion, increasing the rate of infusion will increase the serum concentration of the drug at steady state, but will not shorten the time needed to achieve steady state levels.

    • On a graph of intermittent dose serum concentration peaks are the high points in the concentration fluctuations; troughs are the low points

    • Drugs administered intravenously reach maximum serum concentration rapidly compared to drugs administered by many other routes.

    Correct Answer
    A. If a drug that is dependent on drug serum concentraction has trouble reaching the site of action this will result in a shorter half life.
    Explanation
    Option 2 - false statement, in class she said if you have trouble getting to the site of action because you have a low serum concentration then you would have a longer half life

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  • 38. 

    Select the false statement

    • Drug compounds which result from metabolic processes can consist of inactivated drug, or compounds called drug metabolites

    • Metabolic rxns can also transform a "prodrug" ( an inactive or less active drug) into a more active drug or metabolite

    • During phase II reactions drugs are oxidized or reduced to a more polar form

    • The liver microsomal drug oxidation/reduction system P450/Cytochrome P450 system is responsible for the metabolism of many drugs.

    • Alcohol oxidation ( NAD +) and alcohol reduction ( NADH) are Non microsomal oxidation and reduction reactions

    Correct Answer
    A. During phase II reactions drugs are oxidized or reduced to a more polar form
    Explanation
    Phase II reactions are when a polar molecular group is conjugated to the drug, which substantially increases its polarity

    Phase I reactions: drugs are oxidized or reduced to a more polar form

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  • 39. 

    If a patient has been prescribed tylenol or aspirin but the chart says the patient is NPO, how would you administer the medication?

    • Oral

    • Sublingual

    • IV bolus

    • PR

    • Otic

    Correct Answer
    A. PR
    Explanation
    NPO - means nothing by mouth

    Rectal/PR is the route to use when all other other routes are unavailable, in this case it's the only one available

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  • 40. 

    Which of the following drug information monograph sections below should an OD review in order to find information on how the drug acutally works to produce its clinical effects.

    • Indications

    • Mechanism of action

    • Pharmocodynamics/kinetics

    • Dosage

    • All the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Mechanism of action
    Explanation
    Example of question from class

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  • 41. 

    Drugs such as insulin are denaturated by acid and are not effective when administered orally because they may be destroyed in the low pH environment of the stomach. What kind of consideration would this be in drug formulation?

    • Drug stability of preparation

    • First pass effect

    • Altered excretion

    • Drug stability in various physiologic environments

    Correct Answer
    A. Drug stability in various physiologic environments
    Explanation
    This question is asking about the consideration that needs to be taken into account in drug formulation when drugs like insulin are denatured by acid and are not effective when administered orally due to the low pH environment of the stomach. The correct answer, "Drug stability in various physiologic environments," explains that the formulation of the drug needs to ensure its stability in different physiological environments, such as the stomach's low pH, in order for it to be effective when administered orally.

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  • 42. 

    Select the false statement

    • Drug potency is a concept often used when comparing the effects in the same class of drugs

    • In non-competitive antagonism high doses of agonists cannot overcome antagonism

    • Drugs that can change or affect cellular physiology by bindind to intracellular receptors or plasma membranes are called antagonists

    • Drug efficacy is a term often used when comparing the effects of drugs that have different mechanisms of activity or are in different classes

    • The therapeutic index is a measure of the safety of a drug and cane be calculated by dividing the LD50 by the EC50

    Correct Answer
    A. Drugs that can change or affect cellular physiology by bindind to intracellular receptors or plasma membranes are called antagonists
    Explanation
    Material from pg. 29 and 30 of the manual

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  • 43. 

    Clavulanate is a drug with no clinical effect. However coupled with amoxicillin it has been found to be particularly useful against bacteria that are resistant to treatment with amoxicillin alone. Clavulanate provides protection to amoxicillin by keeping the beta-lactact ring within the amoxicillin structure in tact. This is an example of what kind of drug interaction?

    • Altered absorption

    • Synergism

    • Potentiation

    • Additive effect

    • Formulation

    Correct Answer
    A. Potentiation
    Explanation
    Don't confuse potentiation with synergism.
    Potentiation: A drug which has no principal effect enhances the effect of a second drug. "0 + 1 = 2"

    Remember: Amoxicillin with clavulanate is trademarked as AUGMENTin

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  • 44. 

    Cisplatin is a type of platinum-based chemotherapy drug that has been commonly used in the chemical treatment of various cancers, including sarcomas, lymphomas, germ cell tumors and certain carcinomas. Your patients's nephrologist has suggested adding mannitol to cisplatinum therapy minimizes the renal tubular damage that can occur with administration of cisplatinum along. The diuretic effect of mannitol prevents prolonged cisplatinum contact time which lessens the potential for cellular damage. This is an example of what kind of drug interaction?

    • Altered excretion

    • Altered metabolism

    • Altered absorption

    • Tolerance

    • Additive Effects

    • First Pass effect

    Correct Answer
    A. Altered excretion
    Explanation
    Altered excretion - drugs may act on the kidneys to reduce or enhance excretion of specific drugs. Important because if you have damaged kidneys other routes must be explored.

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  • 45. 

    Which of the following elements is required for a California -licensed prescriber to include on a new prescription?

    • Pt's age

    • Generic name of the drug

    • The number of refills authorized

    • Date that the prescription is issued

    • Trade name of the drug

    Correct Answer
    A. Date that the prescription is issued
    Explanation
    One of her questions from class, I just changed the options a bit.

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  • 46. 

    What drug transport mechanism would most likely be the quickest route for small, nonionic, lipophilic drug molecules?

    • Active transport

    • Hydrophilic channels

    • Carrier assisted diffusion

    • Passive diffusion

    Correct Answer
    A. Passive diffusion
    Explanation
    Passive diffusion does not require energy or a transport carrier . This transport mechanism would be slow for larger, ionic , hydrophilic molecules.

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  • 47. 

    What drug transport mechanism best fits the following description?: It does not require energy or a transport carrier to function. Drugs with a MW less than 200 are able to diffuse along concentration gradient via this route.

    • Passive diffusion

    • Carrier assisted diffusion

    • Hydrophilic channels

    • Active transport

    Correct Answer
    A. Hydrophilic channels
    Explanation
    Hydrophilic channels best fit the description provided. These channels allow the passive diffusion of drugs with a molecular weight less than 200, without requiring energy or a transport carrier. Passive diffusion refers to the movement of molecules along a concentration gradient, without the need for any external energy source or carrier molecule. Hydrophilic channels provide a pathway for these drugs to move through the cell membrane, taking advantage of their small size and hydrophilic nature.

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  • 48. 

    Which of the following is not true regarding the parenteral route of drug administration?

    • They are administration techniques which bypass or avoid use of the gastrointestinal tract for medication absorption

    • Intrathecal, intra-arterial and intracardiac are examples of parenteral

    • Drug solubility and formulation does not limit the ability of drugs to be administered intravenously

    • Drug and solution compatibility may also limit intravenous drug use

    • Subcutaneous administration of medication beneath the cutaneous layer of the skin then enters the systemic circulation through the capillaries.

    Correct Answer
    A. Drug solubility and formulation does not limit the ability of drugs to be administered intravenously
    Explanation
    The statement that drug solubility and formulation does not limit the ability of drugs to be administered intravenously is not true. Drug solubility and formulation are important factors to consider when administering drugs intravenously. Some drugs may not be soluble in water or may have a formulation that is not suitable for intravenous administration. Therefore, drug solubility and formulation can indeed limit the ability of drugs to be administered intravenously.

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  • 49. 

    Most drugs are absorbed in the doudenum and the _____. Few medications are absorbed in the _____ lining.

    Correct Answer
    jegunum, stomach
    Explanation
    Most drugs are absorbed in the duodenum and the jejunum, which are parts of the small intestine. These sections of the small intestine have a large surface area and are lined with specialized cells that facilitate the absorption of medications into the bloodstream. However, a few medications can also be absorbed in the stomach lining, although this is less common compared to absorption in the duodenum and jejunum. The stomach lining has a different structure and function compared to the small intestine, but it can still allow for some limited absorption of certain drugs.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 19, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Mar 19, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Dec 03, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Mchllmijares
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