A Diseases And Disorders Knowledge Quiz!

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| By Catherine Halcomb
Catherine Halcomb
Community Contributor
Quizzes Created: 1443 | Total Attempts: 6,686,485
| Attempts: 156
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  • 1/15 Questions

    The following are more in favor of type I diabetes mellitus than type II, except:

    • Association with ketoacidosis
    • AssociationwithHLA-DR3orHLA-DR4
    • Strong family history of diabetes
    • Present of islet cell antibodies
    • Abrupt onset of signs and symptoms
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About This Quiz

Explore your knowledge of diseases and disorders with this focused quiz! Dive into questions about diabetes mellitus types, complications, and treatments, as well as thyrotoxicosis management. Ideal for medical students and professionals seeking to assess and expand their understanding in endocrinology.

A Diseases And Disorders Knowledge Quiz! - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    All of the following are complications of diabetes mellitus, except:

    • Macroglossia

    • Backgroundretinopathy

    • Cataracts

    • Mononeuritis multiplex

    • Impotence

    Correct Answer
    A. Macroglossia
    Explanation
    Macroglossia refers to an abnormally enlarged tongue, which is not typically associated with diabetes mellitus. However, complications such as background retinopathy, cataracts, mononeuritis multiplex, and impotence are commonly seen in individuals with diabetes mellitus. These complications arise due to the long-term effects of high blood sugar levels on various organs and tissues in the body. Background retinopathy affects the blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision problems. Cataracts cause clouding of the lens in the eye, impairing vision. Mononeuritis multiplex involves damage to multiple nerves, resulting in weakness and pain. Impotence, or erectile dysfunction, is a common complication in men with diabetes due to nerve and blood vessel damage.

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  • 3. 

    The following are true in diabetes mellitus type 1, except:

    • It starts usually below 30 years old age

    • Absoluteinsulindeficiency

    • Sulfonyl Urea drugs are contraindicated

    • Anti-GAD antibodies are usually positive

    • Develops hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma without insulin

    Correct Answer
    A. Sulfonyl Urea drugs are contraindicated
    Explanation
    In diabetes mellitus type 1, sulfonylurea drugs are not contraindicated. Sulfonylureas are actually used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, not type 1. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency, typically starts at a young age (usually below 30 years old), and is often associated with the presence of anti-GAD antibodies. Without insulin, individuals with type 1 diabetes can develop hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma.

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  • 4. 

    Hypothyroidism may give rise to all of the following, except:

    • Periorbitalpuffiness

    • Carpaltunnelsyndrome

    • Cold intolerance

    • Hair loss

    • Polycythemia

    Correct Answer
    A. Polycythemia
    Explanation
    Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. This can lead to various symptoms and health issues. Periorbital puffiness, carpal tunnel syndrome, cold intolerance, and hair loss are all commonly associated with hypothyroidism. However, polycythemia, which refers to an increase in the number of red blood cells, is not typically seen in hypothyroidism. Therefore, polycythemia is the exception among the given options.

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  • 5. 

    All of the following are causes of hypercalcemia, except:

    • Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

    • Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

    • Milk alkali syndrome

    • Addison's disease

    • Thyrotoxicosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
    Explanation
    Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is not a cause of hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can be caused by various factors, including squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, milk alkali syndrome, Addison's disease, and thyrotoxicosis. However, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid does not typically lead to hypercalcemia.

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  • 6. 

    Gynecomastia may be caused by all of the following, except:

    • Cirrhosis of the liver

    • B. Furosemide

    • Spironolactone

    • Klinefelter syndrome

    • Cimetidine

    Correct Answer
    A. B. Furosemide
    Explanation
    Furosemide is a loop diuretic that is commonly used to treat fluid retention. It works by increasing the amount of urine produced by the kidneys. While gynecomastia can be caused by certain medications, furosemide is not known to be one of them. Cirrhosis of the liver, spironolactone, Klinefelter syndrome, and cimetidine are all known to be potential causes of gynecomastia.

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  • 7. 

    Diabetes may be secondary to all of the following, except:

    • Cushing's syndrome

    • Thiazidetherapy

    • Acromegaly

    • Pancreatic carcinoma

    • Insulinoma

    Correct Answer
    A. Insulinoma
    Explanation
    Insulinoma is not a cause of secondary diabetes. Insulinoma is a rare tumor of the pancreas that produces excessive amounts of insulin, leading to hypoglycemia rather than diabetes. In contrast, Cushing's syndrome, thiazide therapy, acromegaly, and pancreatic carcinoma can all cause secondary diabetes. Cushing's syndrome is a condition characterized by high levels of cortisol, which can lead to insulin resistance and diabetes. Thiazide therapy, a type of medication used to treat high blood pressure, can also cause insulin resistance. Acromegaly, a hormonal disorder, can lead to insulin resistance and diabetes. Pancreatic carcinoma, a type of pancreatic cancer, can cause destruction of the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to diabetes.

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  • 8. 

    35 years old female presented with bone pain and generalized weakness. Labs show decreased PTH, decreased Ca, and normal Vitamin D. The most likely diagnosis is:

    • 1-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency

    • Hypoparathyroidism

    • VitaminDdeficiency

    • Vitamin C deficiency

    • Vitamin B12 deficiency

    Correct Answer
    A. Hypoparathyroidism
    Explanation
    The most likely diagnosis in this case is hypoparathyroidism. Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by decreased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) which leads to low calcium levels in the blood. The symptoms of bone pain and generalized weakness are consistent with hypocalcemia, which is commonly seen in hypoparathyroidism. The decreased PTH and calcium levels, along with normal vitamin D levels, further support this diagnosis. 1-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency is a rare genetic disorder that leads to impaired production of active vitamin D, but in this case, the vitamin D levels are normal. Vitamin D deficiency, vitamin C deficiency, and vitamin B12 deficiency do not typically present with decreased PTH levels.

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  • 9. 

    All of the following are clinical features of panhypopituitarism, except:

    • Hyperpigmentation

    • Hypotension

    • Cold intolerance

    • Loss of secondary sexual characteristics

    • Infertility

    Correct Answer
    A. Hyperpigmentation
    Explanation
    Panhypopituitarism is a condition characterized by the underproduction or absence of hormones produced by the pituitary gland. It can lead to various clinical features such as hypotension, cold intolerance, loss of secondary sexual characteristics, and infertility. Hyperpigmentation, however, is not typically associated with panhypopituitarism. Hyperpigmentation refers to the darkening of the skin and is commonly seen in conditions like Addison's disease or certain hormonal imbalances, but it is not a typical feature of panhypopituitarism.

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  • 10. 

    The following about diabetic ketoacidosis are true, except:

    • Hypotension with tachycardia indicates profound fluid and electrolytes depletion

    • Thromboembolicpnenomenonisrecognizedcomplication

    • Total body potassium is high

    • More common in type I diabetes

    • Causes Kussmaul breathing

    Correct Answer
    A. Total body potassium is high
    Explanation
    Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when the body produces high levels of ketones. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis. In DKA, total body potassium is actually depleted due to osmotic diuresis and urinary losses. Therefore, the statement "Total body potassium is high" is incorrect. The other statements are true: hypotension with tachycardia indicates fluid and electrolyte depletion, thromboembolic phenomenon is a recognized complication, DKA is more common in type I diabetes, and it causes Kussmaul breathing.

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  • 11. 

    Features of Cushing's syndrome include all of the following, except:

    • Hypertension

    • Psychiatric symptoms

    • Diabetes

    • Tall stature in children

    • Hypokalemia

    Correct Answer
    A. Tall stature in children
    Explanation
    Cushing's syndrome is a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol in the body. It is characterized by a variety of symptoms, including hypertension, psychiatric symptoms, diabetes, and hypokalemia. However, tall stature in children is not a feature of Cushing's syndrome. Instead, children with Cushing's syndrome often experience growth retardation or stunted growth due to the effects of cortisol on bone growth.

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  • 12. 

    One of the following would be unexpected finding in a patient with pheochromocytoma:

    • Paroxysmal hypertension

    • Persistent hypertension

    • Excessive sweating

    • Bilateral tumor in 50% of cases

    • Palpitation

    Correct Answer
    A. Bilateral tumor in 50% of cases
    Explanation
    An unexpected finding in a patient with pheochromocytoma would be the presence of a bilateral tumor in 50% of cases. Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor that usually occurs in the adrenal glands and is typically unilateral. However, in some cases, it can be bilateral, but this is less common. Therefore, the presence of a bilateral tumor would be unexpected and not typical of pheochromocytoma.

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  • 13. 

    All of the following are causes of hypercalcemia, except:

    • Acute pancreatitis

    • B. Sarcoidosis

    • Multiple myeloma

    • Cancer of lungs

    • Hyperparathyroidism

    Correct Answer
    A. Acute pancreatitis
    Explanation
    Hypercalcemia is a condition characterized by high levels of calcium in the blood. Acute pancreatitis is not a known cause of hypercalcemia. Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, which can lead to various complications, but it does not directly cause an increase in calcium levels. On the other hand, sarcoidosis, multiple myeloma, cancer of the lungs, and hyperparathyroidism are all known causes of hypercalcemia. Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that can affect multiple organs, including the lungs, and can lead to increased calcium levels. Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells and can cause hypercalcemia. Lung cancer can also lead to hypercalcemia through various mechanisms. Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone, leading to increased calcium levels in the blood.

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  • 14. 

    All of the following may be used in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis, except:

    • Neomercazole

    • Radio-active iodine

    • Surgery

    • Propranolol inderal

    • Cyclophosphamide

    Correct Answer
    A. Cyclophosphamide
    Explanation
    Cyclophosphamide is not used in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Thyrotoxicosis is a condition characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormones. The other options listed, Neomercazole, Radio-active iodine, Surgery, and Propranolol inderal, are commonly used in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Neomercazole is an antithyroid medication that inhibits the production of thyroid hormones. Radio-active iodine is used to destroy the overactive thyroid cells. Surgery may be performed to remove a portion or all of the thyroid gland. Propranolol inderal is a beta-blocker that helps alleviate symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. Cyclophosphamide, on the other hand, is not typically used in the treatment of this condition.

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  • 15. 

    The following may cause hyperprolactinemia, except: 

    • A pituitary tumor

    • Phenothiazines

    • Intrauterine contraception device

    • Oral contraception

    • Breasts stimulation

    Correct Answer
    A. Intrauterine contraception device
    Explanation
    The intrauterine contraception device does not cause hyperprolactinemia. Hyperprolactinemia is a condition characterized by high levels of prolactin hormone in the blood. Prolactin is responsible for milk production in breastfeeding women. Pituitary tumors, phenothiazines (a type of medication), oral contraception, and breast stimulation can all cause an increase in prolactin levels, leading to hyperprolactinemia. However, the intrauterine contraception device does not affect prolactin levels and therefore does not cause hyperprolactinemia.

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  • Current Version
  • Aug 22, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Dec 14, 2020
    Quiz Created by
    Catherine Halcomb
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