Cytology: Adrenal Gland, Pituitary Gland
On the topic of cells, we focus on the adrenal and pituitary glands. There are different types of hormones that travel to the tissues and organs via the bloodstream. Take the test below and see how much information you have on hormones, their generation, and their functions. All the best!
- 1.The outer cortex and inner medulla of the adrenal gland are connected by the intra-adrenal duct.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 2.____ and ______ increase in response to stress.
- A.
Cortisol, corticisterone
- B.
Cortisol, adrenaline
- C.
Adrenaline, corticisterone
- D.
Fight, flight
- 3.The secretion of glucocorticoids is regulated by _____ from the ______.
- A.
ACTH, anterior pituitary gland
- B.
ACTH, posterior pituitary gland
- C.
TRH, thyroid
- D.
PTH, parathyroid
- 4.The adrenal cortex produces ______.
- A.
Steroid hormones
- B.
Adrenaline
- C.
Calcitonin
- D.
PTH
- 5.Glucocorticoids _____ blood glucose levels by reducing glucose ____ by the cells.
- A.
Increase, uptake
- B.
Decrease, secretion
- C.
Increase, secretion
- D.
Decrease, uptake
- 6._________ is the conversion of amino acids to ____ from the adipose tissue.
- A.
Glucogenesis, gluose
- B.
Protein synthesis, proteins
- C.
Gluocogenesis, cholesterol
- D.
Adipogenesis, fat
- 7.By increasing blood glucose levels, glucocorticoids increase _______.
- A.
Glucogenesis
- B.
The fight or flight response
- C.
Cortisol secretion
- D.
Adrenaline secretion
- 8.When in large quantities, _____ depress the ______, which delays healing and repair.
- A.
Glucocorticoids, inflammatory reaction
- B.
Glucocorticoids, immune response
- C.
Corticosteroids, inflammatory reaction
- D.
Angry clients, vet tech's morale
- 9.Select all the steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex.
- A.
Glucocorticoids
- B.
Mineralcorticoids
- C.
Adrenal Sex Hormones
- D.
Epinephrine
- E.
Norepinephrine
- 10.Adrenal sex hormones disappear in neutered animals.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 11.Aldosterone acts on the ________ of the kidney where it regulates ______ of the plasma and ECF by excretion of H+ ions.
- A.
Distal convoluted tubule, acid base balance
- B.
Loop of Henle,acid base balance
- C.
Proximal convoluted tubule, glucose levels
- D.
Glomerulus, calcium levels
- 12.Apart from balancing acid base of the plasma, Aldosterone also controls ______.
- A.
The excretion of Na+ and K+
- B.
The absorption of Na+ and K+
- C.
The absorption of H+ ions
- D.
The excretion of proteins
- 13.The hormones produced by the Adrenal Medulla are...
- A.
Adrenaline and noradrenaline
- B.
Adrenaline and cortisol
- C.
Cortisol and corticisterone
- D.
Adrenaline and glucocorticoids
- 14.The fancy name of adrenaline is _____.
- A.
Epinephrine
- B.
Norepinephrine
- C.
Aldosterone
- D.
Señora Maria Juanita Isabella De La Compostella
- 15.The fancy name for noradrenaline is .....
- A.
Norepinephrine
- B.
Epinephrine
- C.
Noraldosterone
- D.
Countessa Prunella Cordelia Popplewell the Third
- 16.Adrenaline and noradrenaline prepare the body for ____.
- A.
The fight or flight response
- B.
The survivor of the fittest response
- C.
Shower time madness
- D.
The red carpet
- 17.The fight or flight response is regulated by ______.
- A.
The sympathetic nervous system
- B.
The parasympathetic nervous system
- C.
The adrenal cortex
- D.
Sir Nigel Johnson, Knight of the Flight Table
- 18.What does the fight or flight response trigger in the body? (Select all that apply)
- A.
Increase blood glucose levels (Glycogenolysis)
- B.
Increase HR and RR + respiratory depth
- C.
Vasodilation in skeletal muscles
- D.
Decrease GI and bladder activity
- E.
Pupils dilate
- F.
Hypertension
- G.
You develop pogo stick syndrome and suddenly hop out of the way
- 19.Cushing syndrome happens when the body is exposed to prolonged and high levels of _____, or when body produces too much cortisol for medical reasons.
- A.
Cortisol
- B.
Adrenaline
- C.
Radiation
- D.
Chemo
- 20.Select the causes of Hyperadrenocorticism
- A.
Pituitary tumor
- B.
Pituitary hyperplasia
- C.
Adrenal tumor
- D.
Adrenal hyperplasia
- E.
Rebellious cortex
- F.
Cortex and medulla want a divorce
- 21.Select the breeds that are prone to Cushing syndrome.
- A.
Miniature poodle
- B.
Dachshund
- C.
Boxer
- D.
Boston Terrier
- E.
Beagle
- F.
Golden retriever
- G.
Husky
- 22.85% of dogs with Cushing syndrome have a pituitary dependent disease,
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 23.____ of Cushing Syndrome cases are due to adrenal tumors and are most commonly seen in ______. Females are three times more likely to be affected.
- A.
15%, large breed dogs
- B.
20%, large breed dogs
- C.
15%, cats
- D.
20%, small breed dogs
- 24.Select the clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism.
- A.
PU/PD/Polyphagia
- B.
Heat intolerance/lethargy
- C.
Abdominal enlargement/obesity
- D.
Panting
- E.
Muscle weakness
- F.
Recurrent UTIs
- G.
Alopecia, pjlebactisias, comodones
- H.
Bruising, cutaneous hyperpigmentation, calcinosis cutis
- I.
MAKE IT STOP
- J.
Seborrhea, secondary demodecosis
- K.
Felines: Severe thinning of the skin
- L.
No. Just no.
- 25.Select the results you'll observe from chemistries of a hyperadrenocorticism patient.
- A.
Increased ALKphos and ALT
- B.
Hypercholesterolemia
- C.
Hyperglycemia
- D.
Decreased BUN, T4 and T3
- E.
Hypoglycemia
- F.
Hypocholesterolemia
- G.
Decreased ALKphos and ALT
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