Only A Genius Medical Student Can Pass This Physiology Exam! Trivia Quiz

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  • 1/107 Questions

    Channel proteins move transport ions through concentration gradient

    • True
    • False
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About This Quiz


There is a whole lot that goes into ensuring that the human body works as good as it should. Are you a physiology exam and think that you know so much as to tackle the physiology exam below that only geniuses can pass? Well, don’t just guess, take up the quiz below and get to see how much knowledge you have. All the best!

Only A Genius Medical Student Can Pass This Physiology Exam! Trivia Quiz - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Catabolism is a process carried out in the lysosome

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Catabolism is a process that involves breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones to release energy. The lysosome is a cellular organelle responsible for the breakdown of various biomolecules. It contains enzymes that can break down proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Therefore, catabolism does occur in the lysosome, making the statement "Catabolism is a process carried out in the lysosome" true.

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  • 3. 

    Covalent bonds are the result of equal sharing of electrons

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Covalent bonds occur when two atoms share electrons equally, resulting in a strong bond between them. This sharing of electrons allows both atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration, making the statement "Covalent bonds are the result of equal sharing of electrons" true. In covalent bonds, the electrons are not transferred from one atom to another, but rather shared between the atoms involved in the bond.

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  • 4. 

    Carbohydrates are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Carbohydrates are organic compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1, respectively. This composition forms the basic structure of all carbohydrates, including simple sugars, starches, and fibers. The presence of these three elements allows carbohydrates to serve as a major source of energy in living organisms. Therefore, the statement "Carbohydrates are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen" is true.

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  • 5. 

    What is the basic unit of a protein?

    • Nucleic acid

    • Fatty acid

    • Amino acid

    • Lipid

    • Enzyme

    Correct Answer
    A. Amino acid
    Explanation
    The basic unit of a protein is an amino acid. Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds. Each amino acid consists of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain. These side chains determine the properties and function of the protein. Nucleic acids, fatty acids, lipids, and enzymes are not the basic units of proteins.

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  • 6. 

    The three parts to a cell is the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and organelles, and nucleus.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because a cell is composed of three main parts. The plasma membrane acts as a barrier, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The cytoplasm and organelles are located inside the plasma membrane and contain various cellular structures and molecules that carry out specific functions. The nucleus, often referred to as the control center of the cell, contains the genetic material and regulates cell activities. Therefore, the statement accurately describes the three parts of a cell.

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  • 7. 

    Cilia is found in the respiratory tract and the uterine tubes

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Cilia are indeed found in the respiratory tract and the uterine tubes. Cilia are tiny, hair-like structures that line the respiratory tract, helping to move mucus and trapped particles out of the lungs. In the uterine tubes, cilia play a role in moving the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Therefore, the statement that cilia are found in the respiratory tract and the uterine tubes is true.

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  • 8. 

    Carbohydrates are built when covalent bonds form between sugar monomers, releasing water

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Carbohydrates are indeed built when covalent bonds form between sugar monomers, a process known as dehydration synthesis. During this process, a water molecule is released as a byproduct. This is a fundamental concept in biochemistry, where monosaccharides (sugar monomers) join together through glycosidic linkages to form larger carbohydrates such as disaccharides and polysaccharides. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 9. 

    Gap Junctions are needed to achieve strong single heart contractions from cardiac cells

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Gap junctions are specialized protein channels that allow direct communication between adjacent cells. In the case of cardiac cells, these gap junctions play a crucial role in coordinating the electrical signals and contraction of the heart. They allow ions and small molecules to pass freely between cells, enabling the rapid spread of depolarization and ensuring synchronized contractions. Without gap junctions, the individual cardiac cells would not be able to communicate effectively, leading to weaker and less coordinated contractions. Therefore, the statement that gap junctions are needed to achieve strong single heart contractions from cardiac cells is true.

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  • 10. 

    Hydrocarbons are lipids, fats and oils, and are hydrophobic

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed of only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Lipids, fats, and oils are examples of hydrocarbons as they consist mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Additionally, hydrocarbons are known to be hydrophobic, meaning they do not mix or dissolve in water. Therefore, the statement that hydrocarbons are lipids, fats, and oils, and are hydrophobic is true.

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  • 11. 

    Transcribers are RNA polymerase and translaters are ribosomes and replication is done by DNA polymerase

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The given statement is true. Transcribers, also known as RNA polymerase, are responsible for transcribing or synthesizing RNA molecules from DNA templates during the process of transcription. Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. On the other hand, translaters, or ribosomes, are responsible for translating the mRNA molecules produced during transcription into proteins. Replication, the process of copying DNA, is indeed carried out by DNA polymerase.

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  • 12. 

    The most CO2 comes from this stage:

    • Glycolysis

    • Krebs Cycle

    • Electron Transport Chain

    Correct Answer
    A. Krebs Cycle
    Explanation
    The Krebs Cycle is the stage in cellular respiration where the majority of carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced. This cycle occurs in the mitochondria and is responsible for breaking down glucose and producing energy. During the Krebs Cycle, carbon atoms from glucose are released as CO2, which is then transported to the lungs for exhalation. This process generates a large amount of CO2 compared to the other stages of cellular respiration, making the Krebs Cycle the primary source of CO2 production.

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  • 13. 

    Inside the Golgi Body, what do you see occuring?

    • Proteins being sorted into various types for various destinations

    • Proteins having different types of modifications made

    • Proteins that are finished and ready for secretion out of the cell

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Inside the Golgi Body, various processes occur. Proteins are sorted into different types for different destinations, meaning they are directed to specific locations within the cell. Proteins also undergo different types of modifications, such as the addition of sugar molecules or the cutting of certain sections. Finally, the Golgi Body is responsible for packaging proteins that are finished and ready for secretion out of the cell. Therefore, all of the given options are correct and accurately describe the events that occur inside the Golgi Body.

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  • 14. 

    Stage of protein production where the polypeptide chains form a 3-D structure:

    • Primary

    • Secondary

    • Tertiary

    • Quaternary

    Correct Answer
    A. Tertiary
    Explanation
    The tertiary stage of protein production is when the polypeptide chains fold and form a 3-D structure. This stage is crucial for the protein to acquire its functional shape and stability. The folding process involves interactions between different regions of the polypeptide chain, such as hydrogen bonding, disulfide bond formation, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions. These interactions determine the final shape of the protein and allow it to carry out its specific biological function.

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  • 15. 

    Located in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. It produces according to genetic information contained in mRNA. 

    • Ribosomes

    • Mitochondria

    • Golgi Apparatus

    • Lysosomes

    Correct Answer
    A. Ribosomes
    Explanation
    Ribosomes are small structures found in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. They play a crucial role in protein synthesis by translating the genetic information contained in mRNA (messenger RNA) into proteins. Ribosomes are responsible for assembling amino acids in the correct order to form proteins, which are essential for various cellular functions. Therefore, the given explanation describes the function and location of ribosomes accurately.

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  • 16. 

    Ions are typically elements one or two electrons in excess or shortage of a stable octet

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    This statement is true because ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, usually with eight electrons in the outermost energy level (known as an octet). Ions can either gain electrons to become negatively charged (anions) or lose electrons to become positively charged (cations). Therefore, ions typically have one or two electrons in excess or shortage of a stable octet.

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  • 17. 

    What makes up the sides of the the DNA ladder?

    • Sugars

    • Phosphates

    • Proteins

    • Phospholipids

    • A and B

    Correct Answer
    A. A and B
    Explanation
    The sides of the DNA ladder are made up of sugars (deoxyribose) and phosphates. These two components alternate to form the backbone of the DNA molecule. The sugars provide the structural support, while the phosphates help to stabilize the DNA structure by forming strong chemical bonds with the sugar molecules. Together, these sugars and phosphates create the double helix structure of DNA. Proteins and phospholipids are not involved in forming the sides of the DNA ladder.

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  • 18. 

    A covalent chemical bond is one in which atoms:

    • Transfer one or more electrons from one atom to the other

    • Transfer one or more protons from one atom to the other

    • Share one or more electrons

    • Share one or more protons

    Correct Answer
    A. Share one or more electrons
    Explanation
    A covalent chemical bond is formed when atoms share one or more electrons. In this type of bond, the electrons are not transferred from one atom to another, as in ionic bonds, but rather they are shared between the atoms. This sharing of electrons allows both atoms to achieve a more stable electron configuration, resulting in a strong bond between the atoms.

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  • 19. 

    Glucose:

    • Monosaccharide

    • Disaccharide

    • Polysaccharide

    Correct Answer
    A. Monosaccharide
    Explanation
    Glucose is a monosaccharide because it is a simple sugar that cannot be further broken down into smaller sugar units. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of carbohydrates and are composed of a single sugar molecule. They are the simplest form of carbohydrates and are easily absorbed by the body for energy.

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  • 20. 

    Smooth ER is found in striated muscle cells and liver cells

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Smooth ER is found in striated muscle cells and liver cells. This is true because smooth ER is responsible for various functions such as lipid metabolism, detoxification, and calcium storage. In striated muscle cells, smooth ER plays a role in regulating calcium levels and aiding in muscle contraction. In liver cells, smooth ER is involved in detoxifying drugs and toxins, as well as synthesizing lipids. Therefore, smooth ER is indeed present in both striated muscle cells and liver cells.

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  • 21. 

    Digest organelles and recycle of new proteins.

    • Ribosomes

    • Lysosomes

    • Golgi Apparatus

    • Mitochondria

    Correct Answer
    A. Lysosomes
    Explanation
    Lysosomes are organelles responsible for digesting and recycling cellular waste, including old or damaged proteins. They contain enzymes that break down these molecules into smaller components, which can then be reused by the cell to build new proteins or generate energy. Lysosomes play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and removing unwanted materials, making them essential for the overall functioning of the cell.

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  • 22. 

    What molecule is responsible for copying instructions from DNA and taking those instructions out to the cytoplasm of the cell?

    • DNA

    • RNA

    • M-RNA

    • T-RNA

    Correct Answer
    A. M-RNA
    Explanation
    m-RNA, or messenger RNA, is responsible for copying instructions from DNA and taking those instructions out to the cytoplasm of the cell. It is synthesized during the process of transcription, where a section of DNA is transcribed into a complementary RNA molecule. This m-RNA molecule then carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

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  • 23. 

    Carcinoma is cancer of the epithelium

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Carcinoma refers to a type of cancer that originates in the epithelial cells, which are the cells that line the surfaces and cavities of the body. These cells form the outer layer of the skin, as well as the lining of organs, glands, and other structures. Therefore, it is correct to say that carcinoma is cancer of the epithelium.

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  • 24. 

    Which of the following subatomic particles is not found within the nucleus of the atom?

    • Electron

    • Proton

    • Neutron

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Electron
    Explanation
    Electrons are not found within the nucleus of the atom. Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells. The nucleus, on the other hand, contains protons and neutrons. Protons are positively charged particles, and neutrons have no charge. Therefore, the correct answer is electron.

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  • 25. 

    Proteins are:

    • Critically important for physiological processes

    • Composed of fatty acids

    • Composed of nucleic acids

    • Macromolecules with subunits linked by polypeptide bonds

    • A and D

    Correct Answer
    A. A and D
    Explanation
    Proteins are macromolecules that are critically important for physiological processes. They play a vital role in various biological functions such as cell structure, enzymatic reactions, transportation of molecules, and immune responses. Proteins are composed of subunits called amino acids, which are linked together by polypeptide bonds. Therefore, the correct answer is A and D, as proteins are both critically important for physiological processes and are macromolecules with subunits linked by polypeptide bonds.

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  • 26. 

    Sugars are burned either aerobically or anaerobically here:

    • Glycolysis

    • Krebs Cycle

    • Electron Transport Chain

    Correct Answer
    A. Glycolysis
    Explanation
    Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate. It can occur both aerobically (in the presence of oxygen) and anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen). In aerobic conditions, pyruvate is further oxidized in the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain to produce ATP. In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted into lactate or ethanol, yielding a small amount of ATP. Therefore, glycolysis can occur in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, making it the correct answer.

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  • 27. 

    Negative ions are similar to positive ions in that they have an extra electron

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Negative ions are not similar to positive ions because negative ions have gained an extra electron, while positive ions have lost an electron. This extra electron gives negative ions a negative charge, whereas positive ions have a positive charge. Therefore, the statement is false.

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  • 28. 

    Elements are like ions in that they are not stable and therefore highly reactive

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Elements are like ions in that they are not stable and therefore highly reactive. This is because elements, like ions, have incomplete outer electron shells. In order to achieve stability, elements tend to gain, lose, or share electrons with other atoms, resulting in the formation of chemical bonds. This reactivity is what allows elements to participate in various chemical reactions and form compounds. Therefore, the statement that elements are not stable and highly reactive is true.

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  • 29. 

    Sites for energy production of cells. Contains own DNA, and can reproduce itself. 

    • Ribosomes

    • Golgi Apparatus

    • Lysosomes

    • Mitochondria

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitochondria
    Explanation
    Mitochondria are the sites for energy production in cells. They contain their own DNA and are capable of reproducing themselves. They are responsible for converting nutrients into energy through a process called cellular respiration. This energy is then used by the cell to perform various functions and activities. Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell due to their crucial role in energy production.

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  • 30. 

    What is non polar covalent bonds?

    • Share electrons between two different atoms and may be pulled more toward one atom.

    • Have electrons that are equally distributed between two identical atoms

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Have electrons that are equally distributed between two identical atoms
    Explanation
    Nonpolar covalent bonds occur when two identical atoms share electrons equally. In this type of bond, the electron density is evenly distributed between the two atoms, resulting in a balanced sharing of electrons. This means that neither atom has a stronger pull on the electrons, leading to a symmetrical distribution of charge. As a result, nonpolar covalent bonds do not have a partial positive or negative charge on either atom.

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  • 31. 

    The "sequence" stage of protein synthesis

    • Primary

    • Secondary

    • Tertiary

    • Quaternary

    Correct Answer
    A. Primary
    Explanation
    The "sequence" stage of protein synthesis refers to the primary structure of a protein. This structure is determined by the specific sequence of amino acids in the protein chain. The primary structure is essential as it dictates the protein's overall shape, function, and interactions with other molecules. It is the first level of protein structure and serves as a foundation for the subsequent stages of protein folding and assembly.

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  • 32. 

    Stacks of hollow, flattened sacs with cisternae. Modifies proteins and seperates according to destination and packages into vesicles. 

    • Lysosomes

    • Mitochondria

    • Golgi Apparatus

    • Ribosomes

    Correct Answer
    A. Golgi Apparatus
    Explanation
    The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying proteins and sorting them according to their destination. It consists of stacks of hollow, flattened sacs called cisternae. The Golgi apparatus also packages these modified proteins into vesicles for transport to their final destination. Lysosomes are responsible for breaking down waste materials, mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, and ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is Golgi Apparatus.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following are H20 soluble?

    • Glucose

    • Amino Acids

    • Lipids

    • AB

    • ABC

    Correct Answer
    A. AB
    Explanation
    Glucose and amino acids are H20 soluble because they are both polar molecules that can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Lipids, on the other hand, are nonpolar molecules and are therefore not soluble in water.

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  • 34. 

    Sucrose

    • Monosaccharide

    • Disaccharide

    • Polysaccharide

    Correct Answer
    A. Disaccharide
    Explanation
    Sucrose is a disaccharide because it is composed of two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, joined together by a glycosidic bond. Disaccharides are carbohydrates made up of two sugar units, while monosaccharides are single sugar units and polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made up of many sugar units. Therefore, sucrose fits the definition of a disaccharide as it consists of two sugar units.

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  • 35. 

    Enzymes belong to which group of biological molecules?

    • Nucleic Acids

    • Carbohydrates

    • Lipids

    • Proteins

    • A and D

    Correct Answer
    A. Proteins
    Explanation
    Enzymes belong to the group of biological molecules known as proteins. Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of amino acids. Enzymes are a specific type of protein that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in the body. They play a crucial role in various biological processes, such as digestion, metabolism, and cell signaling. Therefore, the correct answer is proteins.

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  • 36. 

    A nucleotide based molecule contains:

    • 5 carbon sugar

    • Phosphate group attached to one end of sugar

    • Nitrogenous base

    • None of the above

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The answer "All of the above" is correct because a nucleotide-based molecule contains all the mentioned components: a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group attached to one end of the sugar, and a nitrogenous base. These components are essential for the structure and function of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.

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  • 37. 

    The most ATP comes from this stage:

    • Glycoloysis

    • Krebs Cycle

    • Electron Transport Chain

    Correct Answer
    A. Electron Transport Chain
    Explanation
    The electron transport chain is the stage in cellular respiration that produces the most ATP. During this process, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed along a series of protein complexes, generating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP. Compared to glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, which produce a smaller amount of ATP, the electron transport chain is the final step in respiration and is responsible for the majority of ATP production.

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  • 38. 

    Uses energy and proteins to move small molecules from one side of the membrane to the other. Often moves molecules from low concentration to higher concentration.

    • Diffusion

    • Osmosis

    • Filtration

    • Dilation

    • Active Transport

    Correct Answer
    A. Active Transport
    Explanation
    Active transport is the correct answer because it involves the use of energy and proteins to move small molecules from one side of the membrane to the other. Unlike diffusion and osmosis, which rely on the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient, often from low concentration to higher concentration. Filtration and dilation are not related to the movement of molecules across a membrane.

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  • 39. 

    Sugars and Carbohydrates:

    • Hydrophobic

    • Hydrophilic

    • Nuetral covalent bonds not attracted to water molecules

    • A and C

    • B and C

    Correct Answer
    A. Hydrophilic
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Hydrophilic". Hydrophilic substances have an affinity for water and can easily dissolve in it. Sugars and carbohydrates, being hydrophilic, can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, allowing them to dissolve and be transported in the bloodstream. This property is important for their role as a source of energy in the body.

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  • 40. 

    Small molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide and lipid soluble molecules such as steroids passing from high to low concentration.

    • Faciliated diffusion

    • Simple diffusion

    • Filtration

    • Dialysis

    Correct Answer
    A. Simple diffusion
    Explanation
    Simple diffusion is the process by which small molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and lipid soluble molecules passively move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This movement occurs without the need for any external energy or carrier proteins. Unlike facilitated diffusion, which requires the assistance of specific transport proteins, simple diffusion occurs directly through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. Filtration and dialysis involve different mechanisms and are not applicable to the given statement.

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  • 41. 

    Process of removing particles from an area of higher hydrostatic pressure to an area of lower hydrostatic pressure through holes or spaces but too small to permit solids or large particles to pass. 

    • Dialysis

    • Filtration

    • Simple diffusion

    • Faciliated diffusion

    Correct Answer
    A. Filtration
    Explanation
    Filtration is the correct answer because it involves the process of removing particles from an area of higher hydrostatic pressure to an area of lower hydrostatic pressure through holes or spaces that are too small to permit solids or large particles to pass. This process is commonly used in various industries and scientific applications to separate solids from liquids or gases based on particle size.

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  • 42. 

    Secondary Active Transport:

    • Uses ion pump for transport

    • Uses co-transporters such as glucose and sodium

    • Uses the energy in an ion gradient to move a solute

    • Uses reduction energy of NADH to move protons across inner mitochondrial membrane

    • B and C

    Correct Answer
    A. B and C
    Explanation
    The correct answer is B and C. Secondary active transport uses co-transporters such as glucose and sodium, as well as the energy in an ion gradient to move a solute. This means that it relies on the concentration gradient of ions, such as sodium, to transport other molecules, like glucose, against their own concentration gradient. Additionally, it does not use the reduction energy of NADH to move protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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  • 43. 

    Which of the following describe endergonic reactions?

    • Uses ATP

    • Creates ATP

    • Releases energy in the form of heat

    • Require input of energy

    • A and D

    Correct Answer
    A. A and D
    Explanation
    Endergonic reactions are chemical reactions that require an input of energy in order to proceed. These reactions are not spontaneous and do not release energy in the form of heat. Instead, they absorb energy from their surroundings. The use of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as an energy source is characteristic of endergonic reactions, as ATP provides the necessary energy for cellular processes. Therefore, options A and D, which state that endergonic reactions use ATP and require an input of energy, accurately describe endergonic reactions.

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  • 44. 

    6 carbon units enter this stage:

    • Krebs Cycle

    • Glycolysis

    • Electron Transport chain

    Correct Answer
    A. Glycolysis
    Explanation
    Glycolysis is the correct answer because it is the initial stage of cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, each containing three carbon units. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen. The pyruvate molecules produced in glycolysis then enter the mitochondria to undergo further oxidation in the Krebs Cycle, where they are converted into acetyl CoA. Finally, the acetyl CoA molecules enter the Electron Transport Chain, which takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane, to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

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  • 45. 

    What is the main component of the cell membrane?

    • Proteins

    • Amino Acids

    • Phospholipids

    • Polypeptides

    • Monosaccharides

    Correct Answer
    A. Phospholipids
    Explanation
    The main component of the cell membrane is phospholipids. Phospholipids are a type of lipid molecule that have a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and a hydrophobic (water-fearing) tail. These molecules arrange themselves in a bilayer structure, with the hydrophilic heads facing the aqueous environment inside and outside the cell, and the hydrophobic tails facing each other in the middle. This arrangement forms a barrier that separates the cell's internal environment from the external environment, regulating the passage of molecules in and out of the cell.

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  • 46. 

    Ionic bonds are difficult to dissolve in water

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Ionic bonds are not difficult to dissolve in water. In fact, they are quite easy to dissolve in water. When an ionic compound is placed in water, the water molecules surround the ions, separating them from each other and causing the compound to dissolve. This process is known as hydration. The positive and negative charges of the ions are attracted to the polar water molecules, allowing the compound to break apart and dissolve. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

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  • 47. 

    Diffusion is a result of the kinetic energy in molecules

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This movement is driven by the kinetic energy of the molecules, as they constantly move and collide with one another. The molecules with higher kinetic energy are more likely to move and spread out, leading to diffusion. Therefore, it is correct to say that diffusion is a result of the kinetic energy in molecules.

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  • 48. 

    Potassium with 19 protons, 19 electrons, and 20 neutrons

    • Ion

    • Isotope

    • Atom represented

    • None of above

    Correct Answer
    A. Isotope
    Explanation
    The given information describes an isotope of potassium. An isotope is a variant of an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. In this case, the number of protons (19) and electrons (19) matches the atomic number of potassium, but the number of neutrons (20) is different from the usual number of neutrons for potassium. Therefore, the correct answer is isotope.

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  • 49. 

    Homeostasis:

    • Depends on control systems that use primarily positive feedback

    • Involves adjusting to the external environment in a process called acclimatization

    • Depends upon the interaction of receptors, integrating centers, and effectors.

    • A and B

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Depends upon the interaction of receptors, integrating centers, and effectors.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Depends upon the interaction of receptors, integrating centers, and effectors." This is because homeostasis, which refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment, relies on the coordination and interaction of receptors (which detect changes in the environment), integrating centers (which process the information received from receptors), and effectors (which carry out the necessary responses to restore balance). Positive feedback is not primarily used in homeostasis, and acclimatization refers to the process of adjusting to the external environment, which is not the main mechanism involved in homeostasis.

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