Pharmacology(5) Hypertension, Angina And Heart Failure
- 1.Stable angina is characterized by
- A.
Attacks which occur at rest
- B.
Is relieved by glyceryl trinitrate
- C.
Is often a prelude to myocardial infarction
- D.
Attacks that occur with increasing frequency and intensity
- E.
Attacks that occur on less and less exertion
- 2.Besides atheroma other factors which can contribute to cardiac ischemia are:
- A.
White thrombus (platelet/fibrinogen/fibrin aggregates)
- B.
Spasm of the smooth muscle of the coronary arteries
- C.
A presence of endothelium-derived vasodilators
- D.
Smoking
- E.
A relative deficiency of endothelium-derived vasodilators
- 3.Patients with unstable angina:
- A.
Need not stop smoking
- B.
Require urgent antiplatelet therapy
- C.
If treated with glyceryl trinitrate then a constant i.v. infusion should be used
- D.
Pain should be easily relieved by glyceryl trinitrate sublingually
- E.
Are treated by i.v. heparin and beta-blockers
- 4.Glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) A. is used for..B. is
- A.
A... acute prophylaxis
- B.
A... longer prophylaxis
- C.
B... volatile
- D.
B... not volatile
- E.
B... to be stored in a cool place in a tightly capped dark container
- 5.For acute prophylaxis glyceryl trinitrate can be administered
- A.
Orally
- B.
Sublingually
- C.
Transdermally
- D.
In a spray
- E.
Immediately before undertaking strenuous activity
- 6.Stable angina is managed using:
- A.
Glyceryl trinitrate for pain relief
- B.
Acute prophylaxis by sublingual buccal administration of organic nitrates
- C.
Longer prophylaxis by oral organic nitrates
- D.
Beta-adrenoceptor blockers
- E.
Calcium channel blockers
- 7.After organic nitrates administration:
- A.
Nitric oxide is generated
- B.
The vascular smooth muscle is contracted
- C.
Platelet function is inhibited
- D.
Chest pain is relieved
- E.
Non-vascular smooth muscles are not influenced
- 8.Organic nitrates A. are selective for... B. can...
- A.
A...arteriolar rather than venous smooth muscle
- B.
A...venous rather than arteriolar smooth muscle
- C.
B...reduce cardiac preload
- D.
B...increase cardiac work and oxygen demand
- E.
B...improve coronary blood flow
- 9.Tolerance to organic nitrates A. is... B. can be avoided
- A.
A...loss of efficacy of the drugs
- B.
A...due to exhaustion of sulfydryl-containing intermediary
- C.
A...a long-term event
- D.
B...by intermittent dosage
- E.
B...by omitting the evening dose in patients who do not experience angina at night
- 10.Nitrovasodilators A. provide NO... B.can be active...
- A.
A...as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor
- B.
A...in an endothelium-independent manner
- C.
B...only if endothelial function is normal
- D.
B...also if endothelial function is severely impaired
- E.
B...in many patients with coronary artery disease
- 11.Systemic bioavailability of glyceryl trinitrate from the gut
- A.
Is determined by presystemic drug biotransformation
- B.
Is higher as opposed to that from the sublingual space
- C.
Is higher as opposed to that from the buccal mucosa
- D.
Is useful for minimizing adverse effects of the sublingual tablets if they are swallowed
- E.
Can be influenced by molecule modification
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