Panevelil Pharm Quiz

1. Most benzodiazepines end in...

-phine

-tal

-nil

-pam

2. Primary Epilepsy is caused by a reversible disturbance, such as a tumor or head injury.

True

False

3. What are physical symptoms associated with Anxiety?

Sympathetic activation

Tachycardia

Trembling

All of the above

4. What serious adverse effect is associated with acetaminophen?

Hepatic Toxicity

Nerve damage at high doses

Renal Toxicity

Dangerously elevated blood glucose levels

5. The anti-cholinergic bronchodilators end in....

-tadine

-rol

-sone

-tropium

6. All H2 receptor blockers end in...

- tidine

-one

-cid

-xetine

7. Why is it NOT recommended to give ASA to children, especially if they have a viral infection?

Because the risk of Guillain Barre syndrome

Because it will increase the child's risk for bleeding, and kids fall down and scrape themselves all the time.

Because of the risk of Reye's syndrome

Because it tastes nasty, it would be like trying to make a cat take a pill.

8. Which class of antidepressant exhibits a high degree of food-drug interactions?

SSRI's

MAOI's

TCA's

Lithium

9. What may happen if you administer phenytoin to a pregnant woman?

Spontaneous miscarriage

Severe brain damage & hydrocephalus

Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome

Nothing, it has no teratogenic effects.

10. What is the MOA of NSAID's?

Inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase (cox 1 & 2)

Selective cox-2 inhibition

Inhibition of mast cell degranulation

H2 receptor antagonism

11. Which of the following is a Corticosteroid?

Beclomethasone

Formoterol

Theophylline

Azalastine

12. What is the most appropriate choice of aerosol during an acute asthma attack?

Salmeterol

Cromolyn

Albuterol

Prednisolone

13. What is the #1 choice in treating status asthmaticus & anaphylaxis?

Hydrocortisone

Epinephrine

Albuterol

Ipratropium

14. What are the 3 classes of opiate receptors?

Mu, Delta, Kappa

Pi, Kappa, Alpha

Phi, Mu, Beta

Delta, Gamma, Xi

15. How would you treat a patient with an Opiod addiction?

Sending them to be safely detoxxed at an inpatient facility

Gradually taper the dosage since the pt is now physically dependent

With an Opioid, like methadone

With a regular regimen of an opioid antagonist such as Narcan.

16. Most opioids end in....

-tadine

-one

-phine

-lol

17. Which of the following is not a clinical use of Opioids?

Treatment of Constipation

Treatment of Pulmonary Edema

Treatment of Opioid dependence

Analgesia

18. In what way is Montelukast different from the other Luekotriene antagonists?

Does not inhibit CYP2C9, CYP3A4, or P450

Increases liver enzymes much more

Useful for acute asthma attacks

It's the only med I can actually remember.

19. When giving antacids, which medication would you give in order to decrease the risk of either constipation or diarrhea?

Mg (Oh)2

Al (Oh)3

Combination of A & B

CaCO3

20. What medication would you use to treat an opioid overdose?

Methadone

Morphine

Lithium

Narcan

21. Which class of medication is MOST effective at suppressing gastric acid secretion?

Antacids

Prostaglandin Analogs

H2 receptor blockers

Proton Pump Inhibitors

22. Which of the following drugs is NOT a GABA analogue?

Gabapentin

Tiagabine

Topiramate

Viagabatrin

23. Which of the following NSAID's are used primarily to treat Rhuematoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis?

Naproxen & Indomethacin

Ibuprofen & Acetaminophen

Ketoprofen & Phenylbutazone

Ketorolac & Diflunisal

24. All selective Cox-2 inhibitors end in...

-til

-coxib

-pramine

-cas

25. Which H1 antihistamine has the strongest anti-emetic effects?

Desloratadine

Azelastine

Promethazine

Panavelitidine

26. Which medication would be used a 'primer and sealer' for your stomach?

Simethicone

Mg(Oh)2

Sucralfate

Pantoprazole

27. What is the MOA of tricyclic antidepressants?

Inhibits neuronal re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into pre-synaptic nerve terminals

Specifically inhibits serotonin reuptake

Enable nuerotransmitter molecules to escape degredation

Inhibit cyclo-oxygenase in the CNS

28. Which of the following is a Beta adrenergic agonist?

Fluticasone

Tiotropium

Omalizumab

Levalbuterol

29. Which of the following should not be given during pregnany due to its ability to cause abortion due to uterine contractility?

Ranitidine

Omeprazole

Simethicone

Misoprostol

30. Which of the following is a monoclonal antibody?

Pirbuterol

Omalizumab

Zafirlukast

Acetylcysteine

31. Corticosteroids usually end in.....

-rol

-ine

-roid

-one

32. Which drug is a serotonin antagonist useful in the treatment of N/V associated with chemotherapy?

Dronabinol

Odansetron

Metaclopromide

Promethazine

33. Which of the following classes of drugs is NOT an antidepressant agent?

MAOI's

SSRI's

CNS Stimulants

TCA's

34. Which of the following is a benzodiazepine commonly used a date-rape drug?

Phenylcyclidine

Cocaine

Diazepam

Flunitrazepam

35. Which of the following is an amphetamine commonly used to treat children with ADD?

Methylphenidate

Cocaine

Flunitrazepam

Diphenhydramine

36. How would you plan to treat a patient with an H.Pylori infection?

With a 7 day course of Prilosec & Vancomycin

5 day of metronidazole 2x per day follwed by 10 days of Prilosec.

Place the pt on a nexium regimen.

With a 14 day course of Ranitidine, Amoxicillin, & bismuth sulfate.

37. Cimetidine (tagamet) is most well known for causing which adverse effects?

Promotes cytochrome p450

Constipation

Gynecomastia & Galactorrhea

All the above

38. Psyllium is what form of laxative?

Stimulant

Bulk Forming

Irritant

Osmotically active

39. Define Hypnosis.

The induction of sleep

Loss of consciousness associated with absence on response to pain

Depression of brain activity leading to respiratory & circulatory failure.

Reduction of Anxiety

40. Mechanism of Action of Cromolyn?

Beta-2 agonist

Inhibit synthesis of leukotrienes, prostaglandins and thromboxane

Phosphodiesterase inhibition and adenosine antagonism which which leads to increased cAMP.

Inhibit mast cell degranulation and prevents release of Histamine.

41. Most H1 Antihistamines end in....

-moa

-tyzine

-role

- ine

42. What drug is useful in controlling bed wetting in children over the age of 6 years?

Fluoxetine

Tranylcypromine

Marinol

Imipramine

43. Which of the following medication would not be appropriate to give during an acute asthma attack?

Albuterol

Epinephrine

Terbutaline

Salmeterol

44. What medication is used as a prophylactic agent to treat mild and moderate asthma mainly in children?

Albuterol

Ipratroprium

Cromolyn

Theophylline

45. What is the MOA of anti-diarrheals?

Increase motor activity and pepsin output

Dopamine D2 antagonism at the chemoreceptor trigger zone

Ummm... all I know is you stop pooping so much.

Inhibit acetyl choline release by activating pre-synaptic opioid receptors.

46. Concurrent administration of MAOI's and SSRI's may result in what serious adverse reaction?

Steven Johnson's Syndrome

Serotonin Syndrome

Endorphin Syndrome

None, these drugs are routinely administered together

47. What is the only Cox-2 inhibitor still on the US market?

Valdecoxib

Celecoxib

Etoricoxib

Rofecoxib

48. Which of the barbituates is used for induction of anesthesia?

Fentanyl

Lorazepam

Thiopental

Ethanol

49. Absence seizures are characterized by staring and rapid eye blinking.

True

False

50. How are second generation H1 antihistamines different from the first generation?

Less lipid soluble and thus cause less sedation.

Have different suffix to drug names

More likely to cause arrythmias

Are not as effective for treating allergies.

51. An overdosage of Loperamide is known to cause what adverse effect?

Anticholinergic effects

Gallstone formation

CNS depression & paralytic ileus

Dependence & N/V

52. I'm afraid life has been very hard for you. Your dog bit you, The cat hates you, you hate memorizing drugs, and you are considering ending it all. You go to your cabinet and see a bottle of Benzo's and a bottle of Barbituates.... which bottle to you choose to gulp down in order to end your life and why?

What kind of sick bastard asks a question like this?!?! I love my life!!!

I'll take half of each. They both work equally well for that sort of thing.

53. Beta adrenergic Agonists typically end in..

- rol

- one

- tropium

-tidine

54. What is the duration of effect for Fentanyl?

6-8 hours

2-4 hours

4-6 hours

1-2 hours

55. How long should you wait after discontinuing an SSRI to start treatment with an MAOI?

6 weeks

3 months

2 weeks

No wait is neccessary

56. Which opioid is a short acting anesthetic agent?

Fentanyl

Buprenorphine

Morphine

Naloxone

57. You are working night shift in the ER when a patient in Status Epilepticus rolls in. What should be your first drug of choice to treat this?

Clonazepam

Flurazepam

Diazepam

Lorazepam

58. Which drug would you use to reverse the action of benzodiazepines?

Disulfiram

Flumazenil

Narcan

Hydroxyzine

59. Toxocity of which of the following medications is likely to cause skeletal muscle tremors?

Albuterol

Fexofenadine

Morphine

Hydrocortisone

60. What medication might you choose to increase a pts gastric motility, while also treating their persistant hiccups?

Dexamethasone

Dronabinol

Metaclopromide

Erythromycin

61. Why is diphenoxylate formulated with atropine?

In order to specifically treat inflammatory diarrhea

To reduce abuse of the agent

So that it will NOT penetrate the CNS

Just to see the reactions on the pts face when THEY figure it out.

62. Buspar decreases serotonin levels.

True

False

63. What is Dronabinol?

Acts as a D2 dopamine antagonist at chemoreceptor trigger zone

An Opioid formulated with atropine and used in the treatment diarrhea.

Stimulate mu receptors to relieve pain.

A cannabinoid which acts by stimulations of CB1 type cannabinoid receptors on neurons around vomitting center.

64. What is the MOA of montelukast?

Selective antagonist of leukotriene D4 at the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor in human airway.

Monoclonal Anti-Body which lowers IgE levels and prevents an allergic response

Competitively blocks H1 receptors

Phosphodiesterase inhibition and adenosine antagonism which which leads to increased cAMP.

65. You have a patient in the ER who is in Status Asthmaticus. This pt has already been given the first line therapy, epinephrine, and not responded. What medication would you give next?

Omalizumab

Albuterol

Theophylline

Diphenhydramine

66. Define Anesthesia.

The induction of sleep

Loss of consciousness associated with absence on response to pain

Depression of brain activity leading to respiratory & circulatory failure.

Reduction of Anxiety

67. The Anti-depressant agents differ from the CNS stimulants because the anti-depressants work both in depressed and normal people and are very commonly abused.

True

False

68. Which medication would you use to treat a patient on SSRI's who is complaining of anorgasmy?

Cetirizine

Cyproheptadine (Periactin)

MAO inhibitor

Switch them to a different SSRI

69. MOA of phenothiazines?

Act on vestibular efferents within the brain stem.

Dopamine D2 antagonism at the chemoreceptor trigger zone.

Agonistic effect on CB1 type cannboid receptors on neurons around vomiting center

Blockade of prostaglandins and suppressions of peritumoral inflammation.

70. What medication would you recommend for a patient who is complaining of heartburn at night?

Diphenhydramine

Famotidine

Promethazine

Lansoprazole

71. Which of the following would you choose as the safest laxative agent to treat your pt?

Psyllium

Lactulose

Loperamide

Bisacodyl

72. You are seeing a pt in the ER who is in middle of a bad LSD trip. What drug could you give to stop his hallucinations?

Haloperidol

Phenylcyclidine

Narcan

Flunitrazepam

73. Which drug is the first choice for intial therapeutic treatment of seizure, especially in adults?

Phenobarbitol

Phenytoin

Carbamazepine

Valproic Acid

74. Which of the following is not a clinical use of H1 antihistamines?

Treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnany

Treatment of gastric acid reflux

Treatment of allergies

Prevention of motion sickness

75. You are looking for a medication to treat your pts sleeping disorder, but don't want to use the classic benzo's because of daytime cognitive impairment. What medication would you choose which would have less daytime impairment?

Zolpidem

Flurazepam

Ethanol

Flumazenil

76. What effects are associated with cocaine use?

Hallucinations and mood alteration

Increased HR, decreased BP, reddening of conjuctiva

Pupillary dilation and "fight-or-flight" response

Insomnia, weakness, hyperactivity

77. Beta-Adrenergic agonists are well known to cause tolerance in patients. As the care provider what should your response be to this?

Treat pt with another highly specific beta 2 agonist

Increase the dosage of the medication

Switch pt to corticosteroids for 5 days

Switch pt to theophylline

78. Which class of medication has been shown to cause tumors in animals?

H2 receptor blockers

H1 antagonists

Proton Pump Inhibitors

SSRI's

79. Which of the following opioids does not cause miosis?

Morphine

Meperedine

Fentanyl

Methadone

80. You have a pt who is currently taking an MAOI. The pt comes to your office and tells you he has just attended the most wonderful social party... a wine and cheese tasting. He consumes large amounts of red wine, cheese, and beer. What physical symptoms would you expect this pt to exhibit?

Hypotension, syncope, cardiac arrythmias

Acute renal and hepatic failure

Hypertension, Tachycardia, nauseau and headache.

None... these foods have no effects on MAOI's. Though he is most likely drunk.

81. You have a pt who is currently taking an SSRI. The pt comes to your office and tells you he has just attended the most wonderful social party... a wine and cheese tasting. He consumes large amounts of red wine, cheese, and beer. What physical symptoms would you expect this pt to exhibit?

Hypotension, syncope, cardiac arrythmias

Acute renal and hepatic failure

Hypertension, Tachycardia, nauseau and headache.

None... these foods have no effects on SSRI's. Though he is most likely drunk.

82. What are the advantages of Anticholinergic Bronchodilators over Beta adgrenergic agonist for some patients?

Less likely to produce anaphylactic response in pts with multiple drug allergies

Less toxic in COPD patients, does not produce muscle tremors.

More potent at reversing acute bronchospasm

There is only 2 of them to remember.

83. Which of the following is an irritant laxative?

Senna

Bisacodyl

Psyllium

Glycerin

84. What is the only methyl xanthine used in the treatment of asthma?

Omalizumab

Diphenhydramine

Ipratropium

Theophylline

85. Which H1 antihistamine can be used in the treatment of anaphylaxis?

Promethazine

Azelastine

Diphenhydramine

Fexofenadine

86. What is an Opiopeptin?

Endogenous Peptides that act on opioid receptors

A drug derived from from alkaloids of the opium poppy

Receptors of natural high that treat pain

A drug that activates some or all opiate receptor subtypes

87. Which of the anti-depressant agents could be used in the treatment Anorexia nervosa & panic disorders?

Marinol

Imipramine

Fluoxetine

Phenelzine

88. Which drug is the first choice in treating reccurrent seizures in children?

Phenobarbitol

Valproic Acid

Primidone

Ethosuximide

89. Inhaled corticosteroids are generally recommended to be used for what?

For maintenance and prophylaxis of asthma

For treatment of acute asthma attacks

For the treatment of candidiasis

For treatment of acute exacerbations of reversible airway obstruction in pts not responsive to first line therapies

90. Why is the dopamine receptor antagonist Cisapride no longer used?

Gave everybody the hiccups

High risk of arrythmias

High risk of stroke

Causes erectile dysfunction and anorgasmy.

91. What is the basic MOA of opiods?

They are opiate receptor antagonists

Activate only the kappa receptors in order to produce analgesia

They make you feel Goooooooooood.

They are opiate receptor agonists

92. Which of the following is TRUE regarding Nicotine?

Blockade of norepinephrine, serotonin & dopamine re-uptake into pre-synaptic terminals from which these transmitters are released

Releases intracellular stores of catecholamine(such as dopa) and block MAO.

Ganglionic stimulation via depolarization

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase and blockade of adenosine receptors

93. What is the MOA of Omalizumab?

Blockade of prostaglandins and suppression of peritumoral inflammation

Monoclonal Anti-Body which lowers IgE levels and prevnts an allergic response

Competitively blocks H1 receptors

Phosphodiesterase inhibition and adenosine antagonism which which leads to increased cAMP.

94. Which 2nd generation H1 antihistamine is most likely to cause sedation?

Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Loratadine (Claritin)

Fexofenadine (Allegra)

95. What is the MOA of benzodiazepines?

Inhibition of the reticular activating system and potentiation of GABA action on chloride entry into neuron

They are CNS depressants producing sedation and ultimately hypnosis.

Inhibition of phoshpdiesterase and blockade of adenosine receptors.

96. High doses of Nicotine are known to cause what?

Pupillary dilation & Arrythmias

Ganglionic Blockade

Lung cancer

Severe Hypotension

97. Which H1 antihistamine drug could you safely give to a one year old child?

Loratadine (Claritin)

Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

Any of them, they have all been approved for children over the age of 6 months

98. Which drug is useful in treating N/V and works by blockade of prostaglandins and suppressing peritumoral inflammation?

Dexamethasone

Promethazine

Metaclopromide

Diphenhydramine

99. What is an Opiate?

Endogenous Peptides that act on opioid receptors

A drug derived from from alkaloids of the opion poppy

Receptors of natural high that treat pain

A drug that activates some or all opiate receptor subtypes

100. Which anti-cholinergic bronchodilator is approved to treat COPD & asthma and would be the BEST choice for a pt with COPD who has psychogenic exacerbations?

Tiotropium

Theophylline

Ipatropium

Salmeterol

101. What adverse effect is associated with SSRI's?

Anorgasmia and loss of libido

Cardiac arrythmias and stroke

Reye's syndrome

Blurred vision & dry mouth

102. What is the duration of effect for Buprenorphine?

4-6 hours

6-8 hours

2-4 hours

1-2 hours

103. Which of the following opiate receptors is stimulated by Endorphin?

Delta

Kappa

Mu

Phi

104. What is Lithium used for?

To treat pts with both alcoholism and depression

To treat severe and acute depressive or manic episodes

To prophylactically treat manic episodes in depressed pts

As a sedative when pts are going through withdrawal

105. Which of the following is NOT an effect of benzodiazepines?

Anesthesia

Anxiety reduction

Anticonvulsive effect

Muscle Relaxing

106. Which of the following is TRUE regarding Tetrahydrocannibol?

Serotonin 5-HT agonist activity at presynaptic receptors in midbrain

Agonism of CB1 receptors

It has anticholinergic activity yet produces salivation.

Releases intracellular stores of catecholamine(such as dopa) and block MAO.

107. Which of the following is NOT an opiopeptin?

Endorphin

Enkalphalin

Dynorphin

Epinorphin

108. Which class of anti-depressant agent would you choose to treat atypical depression which has not responded to other drugs?

Lithium

TCA's

SSRI's

MAOI's

109. Which of following is NOT true regarding metaclopromide?

Blockades prostaglandins

Antagonism of 5HT-3 receptors which suppresses inhibitory neurons

Stimulation of excitatory neurons via 5HT-4 receptors

Counteracts D2 receptor inhibitory effects

110. Which of the following is not a therapuetic use of barbituates?

Anesthesia

Anxiety

Anticonvulsion

Muscle relaxation

111. Which of the following is TRUE regarding cocaine?

Releases intracellular stores of catecholamine(such as dopa) and block MAO.

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase and blockade of adenosine receptors

Serotonin 5-HT agonist activity at presynaptic receptors in midbrain

Blockade of norepinephrine, serotonin & dopamine re-uptake into pre-synaptic terminals from which these transmitters are released

112. Which Anticholinergic drug is used solely for the treatment of COPD?

Ipratropium

Theophylline

Tiotropium

Montelukast

113. You are currently caring for a pt who is taking a TCA and is not finding it to be effective. What else could you try?

Give concurrent MAOI to increase effectiveness

Send pt to counseling, you can't do this with drugs alone

Switch to an SSRI

Try a different TCA.

114. You are caring for a pt currently on Fluoxetine, who states the medication is not as effective as he had hoped. What would you recommend?

Try another TCA, which may be effective

Immediately switch to an MAOI

Try another SSRI, which may be effective

Increase the dosage because tolerance has developed.

115. Which of the following would not be considered a strong opioid?

Morphine

Methadone

Nalbuphine

Codeine

116. What is the Mechanism of action of corticosteroids?

Highly selective beta-2 agonistic effects

Inhibit synthesis of leukotrienes, prostaglandins and thromboxane

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase and antogonism of adenosine to increase cAMP.

Binds to IgE which prevents IgE from binding to anything else which would trigger allergic response

117. Why is it that Acetaminophen does not have anti- inflammatory effects?

It is a selective Cox-2 inhibitor

It is a selective Cox-1 inhibitor

Because of it's effects on prostaglandins

Because of central, not peripheral, COX inhibition.

118. Which of the following opiate receptors are stimulated by Dynorphin?

Kappa

Mu

Phi

Delta

119. What is the MOA of Phenytoin?

Potentiation of GABA

Reduces propogation of abnormal electrical charge in the brain by blocking sodium channels.

Stabilizes neuronal membrane to depolarization by decreasing flux of sodium ions in neurons.

Blocks GABA uptake into presynaptic neurons

120. Which chemical relative of Fructose is used to treat seizures?

Valproic Acid

Lamotigrine

Ethosuximide

Topiramate

121. Which H1 antihistamine has a dual action which not only antagonizes H1 receptors but also inhibits histamine release from mast cells?

Azelastine

Promethazine

Toxitine

Cetirizine

122. Which of the following NSAID drugs has a poor antipyretic effect?

Ketorolac

Naproxen

Ibuprofen

Diflunisal

123. Which of the following is NOT true regarding Carbamazepine?

Reduces propogation of abnormal electrical charge in the brain by blocking sodium channels.

Used to treat trigeminal Neuralgia

May induce liver toxicity

Is a member of the benzodiazepine family

124. Which of the following is true regarding H1 antihistamines?

Histamine Agonists

The second generation of H1 antihistamines are HIGHLY lipid soluble

They all cross blood brain barrier and cause sedation

Known to cause HTN

125. Which drug would you choose to treat anticipatory vomitting?

Diphenhydramine

Metaclopromide

Lorazepam

Dronabinol

126. What is the MOA of Fluoxetine?

Inhibits neuronal re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into pre-synaptic nerve terminals

Specifically inhibits serotonin reuptake

Enables nuerotransmitter molecules to escape degredation

127. What is the MOA of Barbituates?

They are CNS depressants producing sedation and ultimately hypnosis.

Inhibition of the reticular activating system and potentiation of GABA action on chloride entry into neuron

Inhibition of phoshpdiesterase and blockade of adenosine receptors.

128. Which of the following is TRUE regarding LSD?

Serotonin 5-HT agonist activity at presynaptic receptors in midbrain

Agonism of CB1 receptors

It has anticholinergic activity yet produces salivation.

Releases intracellular stores of catecholamine(such as dopa) and block MAO.

129. Which of the following would be your first choice in treating absense seizures?

Valproic Acid

Gabapentin

Ethosuximide

Topiramate

130. Which of the following is NOT true regarding Mu & Delta receptors?

Contributes to analgesia at both spinal and supraspinal level

Play a role in sedative effects of drugs

Contribute to respiratory depression

Play a role in physical dependence

131. Which of the following is TRUE regarding (Phenylcyclidine) PCP?

Serotonin 5-HT agonist activity at presynaptic receptors in midbrain

Agonism of CB1 receptors

It has anticholinergic activity yet produces salivation.

It is a Benzo that is commonly used as a date rape drug.

132. You are evaluating a pt for Panic Disorder who needs short term treatment to relieve panic attack symptoms. Which medication would be BEST for this patient?

Diazepam

Alprazolam

Temazepam

Clonazepam

133. What are some of the adverse effects associated with Aspirin use?

Reye's syndrome, respiratory Acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, tinnitus

Ulcers, respiratory alkalosis, asthma, vertigo

Drowsiness, decreased GI motility, osteoarthritis

Ulcers, Steven Johnson syndrome, N/V, Respiratory acidosis

134. Which of the following seizure drugs is structurally related to phenobarbitol?

Diazepam

Primidone

Ethosuximide

Gabapentin

135. Which of the anti-depressant agents should be used with caution in bipolar patients?

MAOI's

TCA's

SSRI's

Lithium

136. Which of the following is TRUE regarding Amphetamines?

Serotonin 5-HT agonist activity at presynaptic receptors in midbrain

Blockade of norepinephrine, serotonin & dopamine re-uptake into pre-synaptic terminals from which these transmitters are released

Agonism of CB1 receptors

Releases intracellular stores of catecholamine(such as dopa) and block MAO.

137. Valproid acid is most useful in treating which type of seizure?

Myoclonic

Absence

Tonic-clonic

Partial

138. Which of the following is TRUE regarding Caffeine?

Releases intracellular stores of catecholamine(such as dopa) and block MAO.

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase and blockade of adenosine receptors

Ganglionic stimulation via depolarization

Blockade of norepinephrine, serotonin & dopamine re-uptake into pre-synaptic terminals from which these transmitters are released

139. What is the MOA of MAOI's?

Enables nuerotransmitter molecules to escape degredation

Inhibits neuronal re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into pre-synaptic nerve terminals

Inhibits serotonin reuptake