Pharma QUIZ By DRx

1.

Foxglove is
- A.
  
  Squill
- B.
  
  Digitalis
- C.
  
  Thevetia
- D.
  
  Strophanthus
Correct Answer
B. Digitalis

Explanation
Digitalis is the correct answer because it is the scientific name for foxglove. Foxglove is a flowering plant that belongs to the genus Digitalis. It is known for its tall spikes of tubular flowers and contains cardiac glycosides, which have medicinal properties and are used in the treatment of heart conditions. Squill, Thevetia, and Strophanthus are all different plants and not synonymous with foxglove.

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2.

Nicotinic receptors are found in
- A.
  
  Smooth muscle
- B.
  
  Skeletal muscles
- C.
  
  Heart
- D.
  
  Exocrine glands
Correct Answer
B. Skeletal muscles

Explanation
Nicotinic receptors are found in skeletal muscles because they are responsible for transmitting signals from the nervous system to the muscles, allowing for voluntary movement. These receptors are activated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which binds to the receptors and triggers muscle contraction. Smooth muscle, on the other hand, is regulated by different types of receptors, such as muscarinic receptors. The heart also has its own set of receptors, known as adrenergic receptors, which respond to adrenaline and noradrenaline. Exocrine glands are not directly involved in muscle movement and therefore do not have nicotinic receptors.

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3.

Selective alpha-2 blocker
- A.
  
  Yohimbine
- B.
  
  Atenelol
- C.
  
  Prazocin
- D.
  
  Salbutamol
Correct Answer
A. Yohimbine

Explanation
Yohimbine is the correct answer because it is a selective alpha-2 blocker. Alpha-2 blockers are a class of medications that block the alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, leading to increased release of norepinephrine and other neurotransmitters. Yohimbine specifically targets the alpha-2 receptors, making it a selective alpha-2 blocker. This action can have various effects on the body, such as increasing blood pressure and heart rate.

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4.

A drug which has antithrombotic effect
- A.
  
  Ibuprofen
- B.
  
  Indomethacin
- C.
  
  Aspirin
- D.
  
  Diclofenac
Correct Answer
C. Aspirin

Explanation
Aspirin is the correct answer because it has an antithrombotic effect. It works by inhibiting the production of thromboxane A2, a substance that promotes platelet aggregation and blood clot formation. By reducing the production of this substance, aspirin helps to prevent the formation of blood clots, making it an effective antithrombotic drug. Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, and Diclofenac are all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but they do not have the same antithrombotic effect as aspirin.

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5.

Non purine xanthine oxidase inhbitor
- A.
  
  Febuxostat
- B.
  
  Allopurinol
- C.
  
  6-Mercapto purine
- D.
  
  Rasburicase
Correct Answer
A. Febuxostat

Explanation
Febuxostat is a non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor. Xanthine oxidase is an enzyme involved in the production of uric acid, which is responsible for gout and kidney stones. Febuxostat works by inhibiting this enzyme, thereby reducing the production of uric acid. This makes it an effective treatment for gout and hyperuricemia. Allopurinol, on the other hand, is a purine analog that also inhibits xanthine oxidase. 6-Mercapto purine is a purine analog that is used as an antineoplastic agent. Rasburicase is an enzyme used to treat hyperuricemia in patients receiving chemotherapy.

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6.

Asafoetida is
- A.
  
  Gum
- B.
  
  Volatile oil
- C.
  
  Terpenoid
- D.
  
  An oleogum resin
Correct Answer
D. An oleogum resin

Explanation
Asafoetida is classified as an oleogum resin because it is a natural product that contains both gum and resin components. Oleogum resins are mixtures of volatile oils, resins, and gums, and they are commonly used in traditional medicine and culinary applications. Asafoetida, in particular, is derived from the sap of the Ferula plant and is known for its strong, pungent aroma and flavor. It is used as a spice and a digestive aid in many cuisines around the world.

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7.

Freeze drying is based on the principle of
- A.
  
  Sublimation
- B.
  
  Desiccation
- C.
  
  Fluidisation
- D.
  
  Reconstitution
Correct Answer
A. Sublimation

Explanation
Freeze drying is a process that involves removing the moisture from a substance by converting it directly from a solid to a gas, bypassing the liquid phase. This process is known as sublimation. Therefore, the correct answer is sublimation.

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8.

Molecules whose mirror images are non superimpossible are called
- A.
  
  Stereoisomers
- B.
  
  Geometric isomers
- C.
  
  Conformation
- D.
  
  Enantiomers
Correct Answer
D. Enantiomers

Explanation
Enantiomers are molecules that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. They have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in their spatial arrangement. Enantiomers have identical physical and chemical properties except for their interaction with polarized light, known as optical activity. This is due to the presence of a chiral center in enantiomers, which results in the ability to rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions. Stereoisomers, geometric isomers, and conformations do not specifically refer to mirror images and do not necessarily exhibit optical activity.

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9.

Example of anionic surfactant
- A.
  
  Glycine
- B.
  
  Sodium dodecyl sulphate
- C.
  
  Trialkyl ammonium
- D.
  
  Polyethylene glycol
Correct Answer
B. Sodium dodecyl sulphate

Explanation
Sodium dodecyl sulphate is an example of an anionic surfactant because it contains a negatively charged sulfate group. Anionic surfactants are characterized by their ability to form negative ions in solution, which allows them to interact with positively charged substances. Sodium dodecyl sulphate is commonly used in detergents and personal care products due to its excellent foaming and cleaning properties.

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10.

Which among following is a prodrug
- A.
  
  Morphine
- B.
  
  Ampicillin
- C.
  
  Acyclovir
- D.
  
  Ibuprofen
Correct Answer
C. Acyclovir

Explanation
Acyclovir is classified as a prodrug because it requires activation by viral enzymes in order to exert its antiviral activity. Once inside the infected cells, Acyclovir is converted into its active form by viral thymidine kinase. This active form then inhibits the replication of the viral DNA, making it an effective treatment for viral infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV).

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11.

Formula used for calculating dose for an infant
- A.
  
  Dillings formula
- B.
  
  Clarks formula
- C.
  
  Cowlings formula
- D.
  
  Frieds formula
Correct Answer
D. Frieds formula
12.

Antidote for mercury poisoning
- A.
  
  EDTA
- B.
  
  Naloxone
- C.
  
  Dimercaprol
- D.
  
  Deferoxamine
Correct Answer
C. Dimercaprol

Explanation
Dimercaprol is the correct answer as it is an effective antidote for mercury poisoning. It works by binding to the mercury ions in the body, forming a complex that can be easily excreted by the kidneys. Dimercaprol is a chelating agent that can also be used to treat poisoning caused by other heavy metals such as arsenic and lead. It is administered through intramuscular injection and is considered a life-saving treatment for severe cases of mercury poisoning.

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13.

Which is an reversible process
- A.
  
  Cracking
- B.
  
  Creaming
- C.
  
  Phase inversion
- D.
  
  Breaking
Correct Answer
B. Creaming

Explanation
Creaming is a reversible process in which fat globules rise to the top of a liquid due to differences in density. This can occur in emulsions or suspensions, such as in milk or salad dressings. When left undisturbed, the fat globules will eventually separate from the liquid phase and form a distinct layer on top. However, this process can be easily reversed by stirring or shaking the mixture, causing the fat globules to disperse back into the liquid.

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14.

Example for an tablet disintegrants
- A.
  
  Lactose
- B.
  
  Acacia
- C.
  
  Primogel
- D.
  
  Talc
Correct Answer
C. Primogel

Explanation
Primogel is a suitable tablet disintegrant because it has the ability to absorb water and swell, thereby promoting the breakup of the tablet into smaller particles when it comes into contact with moisture. This helps in the rapid disintegration and dissolution of the tablet, allowing for efficient drug release and absorption in the body. Lactose, acacia, and talc may have other uses in tablet formulation but they are not primarily known for their disintegrant properties.

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15.

Gluconeogenesis mainly occurs in
- A.
  
  Muscle
- B.
  
  Pancreas
- C.
  
  Kidney
- D.
  
  Adipose tissue
Correct Answer
C. Kidney

Explanation
Gluconeogenesis is the process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol. It occurs mainly in the liver and to a lesser extent in the kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in gluconeogenesis by converting amino acids into glucose. They also help maintain blood glucose levels during fasting or prolonged exercise when the liver's glycogen stores are depleted. While other tissues, such as muscle, pancreas, and adipose tissue, may contribute to gluconeogenesis to some extent, the kidneys are the primary site for this metabolic pathway.

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Pharma Quiz By Drx

Foxglove is

Nicotinic receptors are found in

Selective alpha-2 blocker

A drug which has antithrombotic effect

Non purine xanthine oxidase inhbitor

Asafoetida is

Freeze drying is based on the principle of

Molecules whose mirror images are non superimpossible are called

Example of anionic surfactant

Which among following is a prodrug

Formula used for calculating dose for an infant

Antidote for mercury poisoning

Which is an reversible process

Example for an tablet disintegrants

Gluconeogenesis mainly occurs in