Otterbein/Grant CRNA Pharm Final Review
92 Questions
| Total Attempts: 45
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Questions and Answers
- 1.Which of the following induction agents is contraindicated with an intracranial hemorrhage?
- A.
Ketamine
- B.
Propofol
- C.
Midazolam
- D.
Dexmedatomidine
- 2.Which of the following induction agents is associated with adrenal corticoid suppression and should be used cautiously or avoided with patients on chronic steroids/Addison's disease?
- A.
Etomidate
- B.
Propofol
- C.
Ketamine
- D.
Fentanyl
- 3.Which of the following induction agents has minimal effects on the cardiovascular system, usually not changing contractility or cardiac output, and also does not usually result in apnea unless opioids have also been administered?
- A.
Etomidate
- B.
Ketamine
- C.
Propofol
- D.
Versed
- 4.Which of the following agents should be avoiding in patients with coronary artery disease, uncontrolled HTN, or CHF due to its ability to increase myocardial workload?
- A.
Ketamine
- B.
Etomidate
- C.
Propofol
- D.
Versed
- 5.Patients with end stage renal disease do not need reduced dosing for benzodiazepines or morphine.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 6.The addition of epinephrine to a local anesthetic leads to vessel vasoconstriction and _______ absorption/metabolism of the local anesthetic.
- A.
Less
- B.
More
- 7.Cocaine is special because it has vasoconstrictive properties related to its ability to block the reuptake of norepinephrine.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 8.The addition of sodium bicarbonate to the local will________ the pH of the LA and therefore increase the amount of drug in the nonionized form.
- A.
Increase
- B.
Decrease
- 9.Systemic absorption of injected local anesthetics depends on the blood flow to the site. IV>tracheal>intrapleural, intercostal>Caudal>paracervical>epidural>brachial plexus>subarachnoid,sciatic,femoral>subcutaneous
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 10.Local anesthetics that are more lipid soluble also tend to have a higher degree of protein binding. Local anesthetics bind mostly to:
- A.
Alpha 1-acid glycoproteins
- B.
Albumin
- 11.The duration of action is ________ for local anesthetics that exhibit the greatest protein binding and the highest lipid solubility.
- A.
Longest
- B.
Shortest
- 12.Levobupivacaine is the isomer of bupivacaine that is less cardiotoxic.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 13.The lower the pKa of a local anesthetic, the faster the onset of action will be, with the only exception being chloroprocaine which has a high pKa but a rapid onset.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 14.Injecting a LA into an infected site will generally _______ the onset of action.
- A.
Lengthen
- B.
Shorten
- 15.With epinephrine added, the max dose of lidocaine and mepivacaine are both _ mg/kg.
- 16.Cocaine and amphetamines are examples _______ adrenergic agonists.
- A.
Indirect
- B.
Direct
- 17.Patients taking MAOI's should not be treated with ________ acting adrenergic agonists due to the potential for a hypertensive crisis.
- A.
Indirect
- B.
Direct
- 18.Methyldopa, clonidine, and dexmedetomidine are all _______ agonists, they are considered to be sympatholytic, abrupt discontinuation can cause acute withdrawal syndrome leading to hypertensive crisis.
- A.
Alpha 2
- B.
Alpha 1
- C.
Beta 1
- D.
Beta 2
- 19.Which of the following are the naturally occuring adrenergic agonists?
- A.
Epinephrine
- B.
Norepinephrine
- C.
Dopamine
- D.
Dobutamine
- E.
Isoproterenol
- 20.It is okay for patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors to receive ephedrine.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 21.Phenylephrine is a non-catecholamine predominantly ______ agonist.
- A.
Alpha1
- B.
Alpha2
- C.
Beta1
- D.
Beta2
- 22.Epinephrine utilizes dosing for effect and can stimulate all of the following receptors except:
- A.
Alpha2
- B.
Beta1
- C.
Beta2
- D.
Alpha1
- 23.Epinephrine _________ myocardial oxygen demand.
- A.
Increases
- B.
Decreases
- 24.__________ is an alpha and beta receptor antagonist that reduces BP w/o reflex tachycardia due to its combined receptor effects, it has a ratio of 1:7 alpha to beta blockade.
- 25.A _______ selective blocker are preferred for COPD and PVD.
- A.
Beta1
- B.
Beta2
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