Ccna2 Final Exam 2013 – Version 2

The console port on a router is used for managing the router. It provides a direct connection to the router's command-line interface (CLI), allowing administrators to configure and troubleshoot the router. Through the console port, administrators can access the router's configuration, monitor its performance, and make any necessary changes or updates. It is an essential tool for network administrators to maintain and control the router's operations.

The correct answer is "Router(config-if)#". This prompt is used to access the interface configuration mode on a router, allowing the user to change the IP address of a specific interface. The "config-if" stands for "configuration interface" and indicates that the user is now in the interface configuration mode, where they can make changes to the IP address and other settings specific to that interface.

The state of the serial0/0/0 interface is administratively down because the "no shutdown" command has not been executed on the interface. This command is used to enable the interface and bring it up. Without executing this command, the interface remains in a shutdown state, resulting in it being administratively down.

When adding a network to the OSPF routing process configuration, three things are required. The network address is needed to specify the network that will be included in the OSPF routing process. The wildcard mask is used to determine which IP addresses within the network will be included. The area ID is required to identify the OSPF area to which the network will be assigned. The loopback address, autonomous system number, and subnet mask are not required for adding a network to the OSPF routing process configuration.

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses the hop count as its only metric for path selection. This means that when RIP routers exchange routing information, they only consider the number of hops (intermediate routers) to reach a destination network. The route with the least number of hops is chosen as the best path. This simplifies the routing process but may not always result in the most efficient or fastest routes.

The reason for the router booting and entering setup mode is that the configuration file is missing from NVRAM. NVRAM (Non-Volatile Random Access Memory) is a type of memory that stores the router's configuration settings. If the configuration file is missing from NVRAM, the router will not be able to load the previous configuration and will enter setup mode, allowing the user to reconfigure the router.

The correct set of commands to configure a single area OSPF for the networks connected to R2 is to enter the OSPF configuration mode with the "router ospf 1" command, specify the networks to be included in the OSPF process using the "network" command, and assign them to area 0. In this case, the networks 192.168.2.0/24 and 10.1.1.0/30 are being configured for area 0.

Routers perform packet switching, which involves receiving data packets from one network and forwarding them to the appropriate network based on the destination IP address. This enables data to be transmitted efficiently across different networks. Additionally, routers also perform path selection by determining the best path for data packets to travel through the network. This involves analyzing factors such as network congestion, latency, and available bandwidth to ensure optimal data transmission.

If Router A is down, the packet sent from Router C to Router D would follow the path C-F-E-D.

When a topology change occurs, the existing static route needs to be altered to accommodate the change. Negating the existing static route and configuring a new static route with the correct next hop IP address is the correct approach. By negating the existing static route, it is effectively removed, and then a new static route can be created with the updated next hop IP address. This ensures that the routing table is updated correctly and traffic is directed to the appropriate next hop.

The correct answer is privileged EXEC. In privileged EXEC mode, users have access to all the commands available on the router, including the ability to configure and manage the device. This mode is accessed by entering the "enable" command from the user EXEC mode.

Static routes provide the most efficient use of router resources for forwarding traffic between BR and HQ. Unlike dynamic routing protocols like RIP, RIPv2, and EIGRP, static routes do not require the router to continuously exchange routing information with other routers in the network. Static routes are manually configured by the network administrator, allowing for precise control over the routing decisions. This reduces the overhead on the router's CPU and memory, resulting in more efficient resource utilization.

The correct answer is "Issue the no auto-summary command for RIPv2." This is because the output of the "show ip route" command shows that the routes are being summarized, which means that the specific subnets are not being advertised. By issuing the "no auto-summary" command, the router will stop summarizing the routes and will advertise the specific subnets, allowing communication between the LANs to be successfully completed.

EIGRP uses the multicast address 224.0.0.10 to send hello and update packets. Multicast addresses are used to send packets to multiple devices at once. In the case of EIGRP, 224.0.0.10 is the designated address for sending routing information to neighboring routers. This allows routers running EIGRP to communicate and exchange routing updates efficiently.

The password that will be required to establish a Telnet session with the router is "access". This can be inferred from the given list of passwords where "access" is the last password mentioned.

The TTL (Time to Live) field within an IP packet header is used to limit the period of time or number of hops a packet can traverse through the network before it should be discarded. This ensures that packets do not circulate indefinitely in the network, preventing congestion and ensuring efficient routing. Once the TTL value reaches zero, the packet is discarded by the router. The TTL field is decremented by each router that the packet passes through, allowing for a maximum number of hops before the packet is discarded.

The command "ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2" on R1 configures a static route. It tells R1 that any traffic destined for network 192.168.2.0 should be forwarded to the next hop IP address 172.16.1.2. Therefore, the result of running this command is that traffic for network 192.168.2.0 is forwarded to 172.16.1.2.

Fast convergence is desirable in networks that use dynamic routing protocols because routers may make incorrect forwarding decisions until the network has converged. When a network is not fully converged, routers may not have accurate and up-to-date information about the network topology and routing tables. This can lead to packets being forwarded along suboptimal paths or being dropped altogether. Fast convergence ensures that routers quickly exchange routing information and update their forwarding tables, reducing the likelihood of incorrect forwarding decisions and improving overall network performance.

R1 should use the summarization 192.168.0.0/22 to advertise its networks to R2. This summarization includes both the networks 192.168.1.0/24 and 192.168.0.0/24, as well as additional subnets within the range of 192.168.0.0/22. By using this summarization, R1 can advertise a single route to R2 that encompasses all the necessary networks, reducing the routing table size and improving efficiency.

To resolve the problem of hosts connected to R2 being unable to ping hosts connected to R1, the R2 router interfaces need to be configured for area 0. This suggests that the issue is related to the OSPF configuration. By configuring the router interfaces for area 0, R2 will become part of the OSPF routing domain and will be able to exchange routing information with R1, allowing the hosts to establish connectivity. The other options mentioned in the question, such as configuring the router ID, configuring a loopback interface, or configuring subnet masks, do not directly address the issue of OSPF routing between R1 and R2.

When the network technician types "conf" at the privileged level command prompt and presses the TAB key, the router will perform an auto-complete function. This means that the router will automatically complete the command or suggest possible commands based on the input provided by the technician. This feature helps to save time and prevent typographical errors by providing a list of available commands or completing the command if there is only one possible option.

A metric is a value used by a particular routing protocol to compare paths to remote networks. Routing protocols use metrics to determine the best path for forwarding data packets. Each routing protocol may use its own specific metric, such as hop count, bandwidth, delay, or reliability, to evaluate and compare different paths. By assigning a metric to each available path, the routing protocol can determine the most efficient route to a destination network and update the routing table accordingly. Therefore, the statement that a metric is a value used by a particular routing protocol to compare paths to remote networks is true.

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The correct answer is "dead time and hello time". In OSPF, routers exchange hello packets to establish and maintain neighbor relationships. The hello time is the interval at which hello packets are sent, and the dead time is the interval after which a neighbor is considered unreachable if no hello packets are received. For two routers to become OSPF neighbors, their hello time and dead time values must match. If these values do not match, the routers will not exchange hello packets and will not establish a neighbor relationship.

Adding the "default-information originate" command to a router's configuration using RIP as the routing protocol will result in the router propagating a static default route in its RIP updates, but only if one is present. This means that the router will advertise the default route to other routers in the network, allowing them to use the router as a gateway for any packets with destinations outside of their own network.

The problem is that both interfaces are in the same IP subnet. This means that they have the same network address and cannot communicate with each other. In order for the interfaces to come up, they need to be in different IP subnets.

The routers R1 and R2 are directly connected via their serial interfaces and are running the EIGRP routing protocol. They can ping each other's directly connected serial interfaces, but they cannot form an EIGRP neighbor adjacency. This suggests that there is a mismatch in the EIGRP process ID between the routers. To solve this problem, both routers should be configured with the same EIGRP process ID. By doing so, they will be able to recognize each other as neighbors and form the EIGRP neighbor adjacency.

OSPF supports VLSM, which stands for Variable Length Subnet Masking. This means that OSPF can accommodate networks with different subnet mask lengths, allowing for more efficient use of IP addresses. EIGRP supports discontiguous network designs, meaning that it can route traffic between non-contiguous networks. This is useful in scenarios where a network is divided into multiple separate segments.

The EIGRP update packet is used to propagate routing information within the EIGRP network. This means that the packet is used to share information about network routes and their associated metrics among routers in the EIGRP network. By sharing this information, routers can build and maintain their routing tables, allowing them to determine the best path for forwarding network traffic.

Changing the IP address on Serial 0/1/0 on router 2 to 192.168.0.1/30 will correct the problem. This is because both routers are directly connected over a serial link, and in order for them to communicate with each other, they need to have IP addresses within the same subnet. By changing the IP address on router 2 to 192.168.0.1/30, it will be in the same subnet as the IP address on router 1, allowing them to successfully ping each other.

The highlighted value 192 in the routing table represents the metric or cost. In routing, the metric is used to determine the most optimal path for forwarding packets. It indicates the cost associated with a particular route, such as the number of hops, bandwidth, delay, or any other factor considered in the routing algorithm. In this case, the value 192 signifies the cost of the route, with lower values typically indicating a more preferred or efficient path.

The answer indicates that the route used to reach network 172.16.1.0 is the one learned through the dynamic routing process denoted by "D". The other routes learned through processes "O", "R", and "I" have different metrics or administrative distances, which are higher than the metric of the "D" route. Therefore, the router will choose the route with the lowest metric to reach the network.

The purpose of the "ip bandwidth-percent eigrp 50 10" command is to limit the bandwidth that EIGRP packets can use to 6.4 kb/s.

The reason for the ping failure is that the 192.168.4.0 network is not included in the RIP configuration of R2. This means that R2 is not advertising the 192.168.4.0 network to R1, so R1 does not have a route to reach that network. Therefore, R1 is unable to ping 192.168.4.1.

The EIGRP protocol has a lower administrative distance than OSPF. Administrative distance is a measure of the trustworthiness of a routing protocol. A lower administrative distance means that a routing protocol is considered more reliable and preferred over a protocol with a higher administrative distance. In this scenario, since only EIGRP internal routes appear in the routing tables, it indicates that EIGRP has a lower administrative distance than OSPF, causing the routers to prefer EIGRP routes over OSPF routes.

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The traffic from the 172.16.1.0/24 network will be load balanced between ADC and ABC. This means that the traffic will be evenly distributed between the two paths, allowing for efficient utilization of both paths.

Based on the given exhibit, there are two routes that are both level 1 and qualify for use as an ultimate route.

Since the question states that routers R1 and R3 use different routing protocols with default administrative distance values, it implies that one of the routers has a lower administrative distance than the other. The router with the lower administrative distance will be preferred for routing. In this case, since the packets are traveling from PC1 to PC2, they will follow the path with the lowest administrative distance, which is R2-R1. Therefore, the correct answer is that the packets will travel via R2-R1.

The correct answer is the static route. This means that R1 will use a manually configured static route to forward traffic from PC1 to the web server. It will not rely on any dynamic routing protocols like OSPF or EIGRP to determine the best path for forwarding the traffic.

The correct answer is the third option: "router ospf 1 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 10.10.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 10.20.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0". This option correctly specifies the network statements for the three networks that are attached to router B. The first network statement includes the network 10.1.1.0 with a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.3, which covers the range of IP addresses from 10.1.1.0 to 10.1.1.3. The second network statement includes the network 10.10.1.0 with a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.255, which covers the range of IP addresses from 10.10.1.0 to 10.10.1.255. The third network statement includes the network 10.20.1.0 with a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.255, which covers the range of IP addresses from 10.20.1.0 to 10.20.1.255.

Classless routing protocols support the use of Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) and discontiguous networks. VLSM allows the use of different subnet mask lengths within the same network, resulting in more efficient use of IP addresses. The network mask is the additional piece of information included in the updates of classless routing protocols to support VLSM and discontiguous networks. It specifies the subnet mask that should be used for routing decisions, enabling routers to correctly determine the network boundaries and route packets accordingly.

The cause of the problem could be that no static route or routing protocol is configured on R1. Without a static route or routing protocol, R1 does not know how to forward packets between the 192.168.1.0 and 172.16.1.0 networks, resulting in the inability for hosts on these networks to communicate with each other.

When packets travel through a router, the router modifies the TTL (Time to Live) field by decrementing it by one. This is done to prevent packets from circulating indefinitely in the network. The router also maintains the same source and destination IP addresses, as these are essential for proper routing. However, the router changes the source physical address to the physical address of the exit interface. This is necessary because the physical address (MAC address) is specific to each interface on the router.

The network administrator should use show and debug commands to determine if hellos are propagating. This step will help in identifying if there is an issue with OSPF hellos being sent and received between the routers. By analyzing the output of these commands, the administrator can determine if there is a problem with the OSPF adjacency formation or if the hellos are not reaching the JAX router. This will provide valuable information for troubleshooting the OSPF routing issue on the JAX router.

When RTRA receives an update about the network attached to RTRB, it adds an entry in the routing table for that network. The correct entry that RTRA adds in the routing table is "O 172.16.7.16/28 [110/51] via 10.10.10.2, 00:00:25, Serial0/0/0". This entry indicates that the network 172.16.7.16/28 is reachable via the next hop IP address 10.10.10.2, with a metric of 110/51 and an update age of 00:00:25.

The exhibited output shows the result of running the "show ip eigrp topology" command on R1. This command displays information about the EIGRP topology table, including the routes and their status. Since the output does not mention anything about the serial interface being down or the administrative distance of EIGRP being set to 50, these statements are not true. However, it does indicate that all routes are stable, as there are no reported changes or inconsistencies in the topology. Additionally, the fact that the "show ip eigrp topology" command has been run on R1 is evident from the displayed output.

In a router, RAM (Random Access Memory) stores the routing table, the running-configuration, and a copy of the operating system. The routing table is stored in RAM to facilitate the forwarding of packets based on destination addresses. The running-configuration is also stored in RAM and contains the current configuration settings of the router. Lastly, a copy of the operating system is stored in RAM to ensure that it can be quickly accessed and executed by the router.

The problem is that the autonomous system numbers do not match. EIGRP requires that routers in the same autonomous system have the same autonomous system number in order to successfully exchange routes.

The EIGRP successor route may be backed up by a feasible successor route, which provides an alternative path to the destination in case the primary route fails. The successor route is also used by EIGRP to forward traffic to the destination, ensuring efficient routing within the network.