Ccna2 Final Exam V1

A router is required to connect the two separate networks and add a common connection to the Internet that can be shared. A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between different networks. It determines the best path for data to travel and can connect multiple networks together. In this scenario, the router will connect the two separate networks in the building and allow them to access the Internet through a common connection.

The console port can be used for initial router configuration. This port allows direct access to the router's command-line interface (CLI) using a console cable. By connecting a computer or terminal to the console port, users can configure the router's settings, such as IP addresses, passwords, and routing protocols, before enabling remote access through other ports.

If Router A is down, the packet sent from Router C to Router D would follow the path C-F-E-D. This is because Router C would first send the packet to Router F, then Router F would send it to Router E, and finally Router E would forward it to Router D.

The reason for the router booting and entering setup mode is that the configuration file is missing from NVRAM. NVRAM (Non-Volatile Random Access Memory) is where the router stores its startup configuration. If this file is missing, the router will boot into setup mode, allowing the user to manually configure the router's settings. This could happen if the configuration file was accidentally deleted or if there was an issue with saving the configuration to NVRAM.

RIP, or Routing Information Protocol, is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses the hop count as its sole metric for path selection. This means that when choosing a route, RIP only considers the number of routers or hops that need to be traversed to reach the destination. Other factors such as bandwidth or delay are not taken into account. Therefore, the statement "RIP uses only one metric—hop count— for path selection" accurately describes a feature of RIP.

The state of the serial0/0/0 interface is administratively down because the "no shutdown" command has not been executed on the interface. This command is used to enable the interface and bring it up. Without executing this command, the interface remains administratively down and cannot transmit or receive data.

If the T1 link between router A and router E fails, the packet from router A will take the path A, D, G, H, F to reach the LAN attached to router F. This is because router A will first send the packet to router D, which is directly connected to router A. From router D, the packet will be sent to router G, which is the next hop in the OSPF routing table. From router G, the packet will be sent to router H, which is the next hop in the OSPF routing table. Finally, the packet will reach router F, which is the destination router for the LAN attached to router F.

The exhibit is referring to the output of various router commands. Based on the exhibit, the missing information for Blank 1 is the command "show ip route." This command is used to display the routing table of the router. The missing information for Blank 2 is the number 120, which is the administrative distance of the route. Administrative distance is a measure of the trustworthiness of a routing protocol. The missing information for Blank 3 is the letter C, which represents a directly connected network in the routing table. Therefore, the three true statements are: The missing information for Blank 1 is the command "show ip route," The missing information for Blank 2 is the number 120, and The missing information for Blank 3 is the letter C.

The highlighted value 120 represents the administrative distance of the routing protocol. Administrative distance is a value assigned to different routing protocols to determine their trustworthiness or preference. When multiple routing protocols are used, the one with the lowest administrative distance is chosen as the preferred route. In this case, the routing protocol with an administrative distance of 120 would be preferred over others with higher administrative distances.

The cause of the problem is that both routers have been configured with different hello and dead intervals. OSPF uses hello packets to establish and maintain neighbor relationships between routers. The hello interval is the time between sending hello packets, and the dead interval is the time after which a neighbor is considered unreachable if no hello packets are received. If the hello and dead intervals are not the same on both routers, they will not be able to form an adjacency.

When the router reloads, it will attempt to load the start-up configuration file that is stored in NVRAM. This means that the router will try to load the configuration that was saved to the non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) before the reload. This allows the router to maintain its previous configuration and settings after the reboot.

R1 should use the summarization 192.168.0.0/22 to advertise its networks to R2. This summarization includes both the networks 192.168.1.0/24 and 192.168.0.0/24, as well as additional addresses in the range of 192.168.0.0/22. By using this summarization, R1 can efficiently advertise its networks to R2 without unnecessarily advertising individual subnets.

A router is a networking device that connects multiple networks together and forwards data packets between them. One of the primary functions of a router is packet switching, where it receives data packets from one network and forwards them to the appropriate network based on the destination IP address. This allows for efficient and reliable communication between different networks. Another primary function of a router is path selection, where it determines the best path for data packets to travel through the network based on factors such as network congestion, latency, and cost. This ensures that data packets reach their destination in the most efficient and timely manner possible.

The network administrator would use the "ip bandwidth-percent eigrp as-number percent" command when there is a low bandwidth connection. This command allows the administrator to specify the percentage of bandwidth that EIGRP can use on the specified interface. By setting a lower percentage, the administrator can ensure that EIGRP does not consume all the available bandwidth, which is important in low bandwidth connections where preserving bandwidth is crucial.

The data will be transmitted via R3-R1-R2 because in OSPF, the path with the lowest cost is chosen as the best path. In this case, the cost between R3-R1-R2 is lower than the cost between R3-R2. Therefore, the data will be transmitted via R3-R1-R2.

A metric is a value used by a particular routing protocol to compare paths to remote networks. This means that routing protocols use metrics to determine the best path to send data to a remote network. Different routing protocols may use different metrics, such as hop count, bandwidth, delay, or reliability, to make this determination. The metric with the lowest value is typically chosen as the best path and installed in the routing table.

Users can establish a console connection to this router without entering a password because the login command was not entered on the console line. This means that the router is not configured to prompt for a password when establishing a console connection.

The problem can be resolved by configuring the R2 router interfaces for area 0. This is because area 0 is the backbone area in OSPF, and all routers within the OSPF domain must be connected to area 0 in order to establish proper communication. By configuring the R2 router interfaces for area 0, the hosts connected to R2 will be able to communicate with the hosts connected to R1.

The route with the lowest administrative distance will be installed in the routing table. In this case, all four routes have the same administrative distance of 120. Therefore, the route with the lowest metric value will be installed. The metric value represents the cost or distance to reach the destination network. Among the given routes, the route with the lowest metric value is [120/1]. This means that it has a metric of 1, indicating the shortest path to reach the 192.168.1.0/24 network. Therefore, the route "R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.100.1, 00:00:17, Serial0/0/1" will be installed in the routing table.

The configuration needed for router R1 to dynamically learn routes to the specified subnetworks is to use a routing protocol. A routing protocol allows routers to exchange information about networks and dynamically learn routes to reach those networks. This enables routers to make informed decisions about the best path to forward packets. By using a routing protocol, R1 can receive updates from neighboring routers and learn the routes to the 192.168.100.16/28, 192.168.100.32/28, and 192.168.100.48/28 subnetworks.

The reason for the missing RIP route could be that EIGRP has a lower administrative distance compared to RIP. Administrative distance is a measure of the trustworthiness of a routing protocol, where a lower value indicates a higher priority. In this case, the router has chosen to install the route learned via EIGRP because it considers EIGRP as a more reliable and preferred routing protocol due to its lower administrative distance.

The command "ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2" on R1 configures a static route. It specifies that any traffic destined for the network 192.168.2.0 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 should be forwarded to the next-hop IP address 172.16.1.2. Therefore, the result of running this command is that traffic for network 192.168.2.0 will be forwarded to 172.16.1.2.

To troubleshoot the problem of R3 and R1 being unable to establish a neighbor adjacency, the network administrator should check the hello and dead intervals between the routers. The hello interval is the time interval between OSPF hello packets, and the dead interval is the time interval after which a router declares a neighbor as unreachable. If the hello and dead intervals are not properly configured or do not match on both routers, they will not be able to establish a neighbor adjacency. Therefore, checking and adjusting the hello and dead intervals can help resolve the issue.

The default gateway is the IP address of the router that connects the host to other networks. In this case, the correct answer is 192.168.1.1 because it is the only IP address in the given options that falls within the same network as the host's IP address.

Based on the output of the "show ip route" command, the network statements in RIPv2 are being summarized automatically. This means that the router is summarizing the subnets within the network, which can cause communication issues between LANs. By issuing the "no auto-summary" command for RIPv2, the automatic summarization feature will be disabled, allowing for more specific routing information to be exchanged between the routers. This will help in resolving the communication problem between the LANs.

The correct answer is the IP address of the S0/0/0 interface at R1. This is likely the incorrect configuration because the hosts on the R1 LAN are unable to access the Internet. Since the hosts are connected to the LAN interface of R1, it is crucial that the IP address on this interface is properly configured to allow communication between the LAN and the Internet.

not-available-via-ai

The term that also describes the EIGRP metric value of 301440 is the feasible distance. The feasible distance is the metric value of the best path to a destination network. It represents the total metric of the path from the local router to the destination network.

In user mode on a router, one can only view the status of various router functions. User mode is a limited mode that allows users to access basic information about the router, such as interface status, routing table, and system information. It does not provide the ability to make any configuration changes or perform advanced actions like password recovery or making global configuration changes.

EIGRP uses the multicast address 224.0.0.10 to send hello and update packets. Multicast addresses are used to send packets to a group of devices instead of sending them individually. In the case of EIGRP, this multicast address is used to send routing information to all routers that are part of the EIGRP network. By using multicast, EIGRP can efficiently distribute routing updates to all routers in the network.

When adding a network to the OSPF routing process configuration, the network address, wildcard mask, and area ID are required. The network address is the IP address of the network that is being added. The wildcard mask is used to specify which IP addresses within the network should be included in the OSPF routing process. The area ID is used to identify the OSPF area to which the network belongs. The loopback address, autonomous system number, and subnet mask are not required for adding a network to the OSPF routing process configuration.

Autosummarization must be modified to allow an EIGRP router to advertise subnets that are configured with VLSM. Autosummarization is a feature in EIGRP that automatically summarizes network addresses at major network boundaries. This can cause issues when using VLSM, as it can result in incorrect routing information being advertised. By disabling autosummarization, the EIGRP router will advertise the specific subnets configured with VLSM, ensuring accurate routing information is propagated.

The administrator should enter the password "Cisco789" at the R1> prompt to access the privileged EXEC mode.

The correct answer for this question is "hello". In OSPF, the "hello" packet type is used to elect the designated router (DR) and backup designated router (BDR) on multiaccess networks. The DR and BDR are responsible for maintaining neighbor relationships and exchanging routing information with other routers on the network. The "hello" packets are sent periodically to discover and maintain neighbor relationships, and during this process, the DR and BDR are elected based on priority and router ID.

The routes added to the routing table of R1 are:
1. R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/1
2. R 192.168.100.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.1.1, 00:00:24, Serial0/0/0

These routes indicate that R1 has learned about two networks: 192.168.1.0/24 and 192.168.100.0/24. The next hop for the first network is 172.16.2.1, and the next hop for the second network is 172.16.1.1. These routes were learned via the Serial0/0/1 and Serial0/0/0 interfaces respectively. The administrative distance for both routes is 120, and the metric is 1.

When a dynamic routing protocol is introduced in a network with existing static routes, the static routes must be manually removed from all routers. This is because static routes have a lower administrative distance (AD) value compared to dynamic routes. The AD determines the trustworthiness of a route, with lower values being more trusted. So, if both static and dynamic routes exist for the same destination, the static route will be preferred and the dynamic route will not be installed in the routing table. Therefore, to allow the dynamic routes to be installed and used, the static routes must be removed manually.

The router will need to perform a recursive lookup for packets destined to the networks 10.0.0.0/8 and 192.168.2.0/24. This means that the router will need to consult its routing table to determine the next hop for these networks. The other networks listed in the exhibit can be directly reached without the need for a recursive lookup.

The candidate route with the longest match for a packet with a destination address of 10.30.16.48 is 10.30.16.32/27. This is because the subnet mask of /27 allows for a larger range of IP addresses to match compared to the other candidate routes. The other routes have subnet masks that are smaller, meaning they have a narrower range of IP addresses that can match the destination address.

A successor for a destination network in an EIGRP network refers to the next hop on the primary route with the smallest feasible distance to the destination. This means that the successor is the best path to reach the destination network, as it has the lowest metric or cost compared to other routes.

The command "ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 S0/0/0" on router R2 will have two results. First, a static route will be added to the routing table. This means that any traffic that matches the destination IP address of 0.0.0.0 (which represents all possible IP addresses) will be directed to the S0/0/0 interface. Secondly, this route will be specified as the default route for all networks that are not defined in the routing table. This means that if there is no specific route for a particular network, the default route will be used and the traffic will be sent to the S0/0/0 interface.

Failed routes are advertised with a metric of infinity. This prevents routing loops by indicating that the route is unreachable and should not be used for forwarding packets. When a route fails, it is assigned a metric value of infinity, which is typically represented as a very high number. This ensures that routers will not select the failed route as the best path for forwarding traffic, preventing loops from occurring.

In a network where all routers are configured in a single OSPF area with the same priority value and no loopback interfaces are set, the routers will determine the router ID based on the highest IP address among the active interfaces. This means that the router with the highest IP address among its active interfaces will be chosen as the router ID.

A routing loop occurs when there are multiple paths to reach a destination and the routers keep forwarding the packets in a loop without reaching the destination. This can cause network congestion and prevent PC1 from accessing the Internet.

The OSPF default gateway entry for R2 was determined by the default-information originate command applied on R1.

The problem is caused by both routers R1 and R3 sending the summarized 172.16.0.0/16 network to R2 in their RIPv1 routing updates. This means that R2 is receiving conflicting information about the subnets within the 172.16.0.0/16 network. As a result, R2 may not have the correct routing information for forwarding traffic between LAN2 and the other LANs. This can lead to intermittent connectivity issues for users on LAN2.

If manual EIGRP summarization is disabled on the Serial0/0/0 interface of Router3, the route 172.16.0.0/16 will be removed from the routing table.

If interface Serial0/0/1 goes down on Router1, DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm) will query neighbors for a route to network 192.168.1.0. This is because DUAL is the algorithm used by Cisco routers to calculate the best path to a destination network, and when a link failure occurs, it will query neighboring routers to find an alternative path. In this case, it will query neighbors to find a route to the network 192.168.1.0.

The network and mask combination 172.16.0.0/12 requires the use of a classless addressing solution because the /12 subnet mask allows for a larger number of host addresses within the network compared to a traditional classful network. This indicates that the network is being subnetted, which is a characteristic of classless addressing.

OSPF resolves the challenge of extensive flooding of LSAs throughout the OSPF area by electing a Designated Router (DR). The DR is responsible for receiving LSAs from other routers and flooding them throughout the OSPF area, reducing the amount of flooding that needs to be done by each individual router. Additionally, OSPF resolves the challenge of excessive adjacencies when the number of routers increases by electing a DR. The DR acts as a hub for adjacencies, reducing the number of adjacencies that need to be formed between routers, which helps to improve scalability and reduce the complexity of the network.

The correct answer is to enable the serial interfaces of both routers and configure both routers with the same EIGRP process ID. Enabling the serial interfaces ensures that the physical connection between the routers is active and functioning properly. Configuring both routers with the same EIGRP process ID allows them to recognize each other as part of the same EIGRP network and form a neighbor adjacency. The other options, such as sending periodic updates and configuring the same hello interval, are not directly related to the issue of forming a neighbor adjacency.