Ccna2 Final Exam (New Questions)

The minimum configuration for a router interface that is participating in IPv6 routing is to have only a link-local IPv6 address. This means that the router interface needs to have an IPv6 address that is only valid for communication within the local network segment. This type of address is typically automatically assigned to the interface when IPv6 is enabled, and it allows the router to communicate with other devices on the same network segment.

The command "S1(config-if)# mdix auto" will enable auto-MDIX on a device. Auto-MDIX is a feature that allows a device to automatically detect and configure the correct type of cable (straight-through or crossover) to use for a connection. By enabling auto-MDIX, the device will be able to automatically adjust the cable configuration as needed, eliminating the need for manual cable swapping.

The default administrative distance for a static route is 1. Administrative distance is a measure of the trustworthiness or reliability of a routing information source. In the case of static routes, which are manually configured by a network administrator, they are considered the most reliable and have the lowest administrative distance. Therefore, the default administrative distance for a static route is 1.

Static routes are configured by using the global configuration command "ip route". This command allows network administrators to manually specify the next-hop IP address or exit interface for a specific destination network. By using static routes, network administrators can control the flow of traffic in their network and provide explicit routing instructions to the router. This is especially useful when there is a need to bypass dynamic routing protocols or when specific routing paths need to be defined.

The passive-interface default command is used to set all OSPF-enabled interfaces as passive interfaces by default. A passive interface does not send OSPF messages, such as hello packets, to its neighbors. Therefore, issuing this command on a router configured for OSPF will prevent OSPF messages from being sent out any OSPF-enabled interface. This can be useful in scenarios where you want to reduce OSPF traffic or prevent certain interfaces from participating in OSPF routing.

In the context of distance vector routing protocols, a neighbor refers to routers that are connected to each other through a shared link and use the same routing protocol. These routers exchange information about network topology and distances to different destinations. By sharing this information, the routers can determine the best paths for forwarding network traffic.

The acronym "VoIP" stands for Voice over Internet Protocol. It refers to a type of traffic that requires strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and relies on a one-way overall delay of less than 150 ms across the network. VoIP enables the transmission of voice communications over the internet, allowing users to make phone calls using an internet connection rather than traditional telephone lines.

The OSPF Type 1 packet is the "hello" packet. This packet is used by OSPF routers to establish and maintain neighbor relationships. It is sent periodically to all OSPF routers on a network segment to discover and maintain adjacency. The hello packet contains important information such as the router ID, area ID, and priority, which are used for neighbor discovery and election of designated and backup designated routers.

The two methods that can be used to provide secure management access to a Cisco switch are configuring specific ports for management traffic on a specific VLAN and configuring SSH for remote management. By configuring specific ports for management traffic on a specific VLAN, the switch can be accessed securely through designated ports that are dedicated for management purposes. This helps to isolate management traffic from regular data traffic, enhancing security. Additionally, configuring SSH for remote management enables encrypted and secure access to the switch remotely, ensuring confidentiality and integrity of the management session.

Full duplex communications allow both ends to transmit and receive data simultaneously, which maximizes the use of the available bandwidth. This means that the communication channel is utilized to its full potential, resulting in efficient and faster data transfer.

The given answer suggests that the two commands that should be implemented to return a Cisco 3560 trunk port to its default configuration are "no switchport trunk native vlan" and "no switchport trunk allowed vlan". By using these commands, any previously configured native VLAN and allowed VLANs on the trunk port will be removed, effectively resetting it to its default configuration.

The given IP address, 172.16.0.0/16, falls under the category of a "level 1 parent route." In networking, routes are organized in a hierarchical structure, with parent routes encompassing multiple child routes. A level 1 parent route is one that covers a range of IP addresses within a specific network. In this case, the route 172.16.0.0/16 includes all IP addresses from 172.16.0.0 to 172.16.255.255, making it a level 1 parent route.

RAM stands for Random Access Memory, which is a type of computer memory that allows data to be read from and written to quickly. In the context of a router, RAM is used to temporarily store the buffers for packet processing and the running configuration file. This allows the router to efficiently process incoming packets and quickly access the current configuration. Flash memory, NVRAM, and ROM are other types of memory used in routers, but they do not serve the same purpose as RAM in this case.

In the exhibit, the static route is configured with the next-hop IPv6 address of 2001:DB8:1:2::1. A recursive static route is used when the next-hop IP address is not directly connected but is reached through another router. In this case, the router will recursively determine the best path to reach the destination by forwarding the packet to the next-hop router specified in the static route. Therefore, the correct answer is recursive static route.

The violation mode that is configured on the interfaces is "protect". In this mode, when a violation occurs, packets with an unknown source address are dropped, but no notification is sent. The protect mode allows the switch to protect against unauthorized devices by simply dropping the packets from unknown sources without alerting the network administrator.

The value in a routing table that represents the trustworthiness of learned routes and is used by the router to determine which route to install into the routing table for a specific situation is the metric. The metric is a numerical value assigned to each route, indicating the cost or distance to reach a destination. A lower metric value indicates a more reliable or efficient route, and the router will prefer routes with lower metrics over routes with higher metrics when making routing decisions.

An administrator would use a network security auditing tool to flood the switch MAC address table with fictitious MAC addresses in order to determine which ports are not correctly configured to prevent MAC address flooding. By flooding the MAC address table, the administrator can identify any ports that are not properly configured to handle excessive MAC address traffic, which could potentially lead to security vulnerabilities or network disruptions. This allows the administrator to take corrective actions and ensure that the switch is properly configured to prevent MAC address flooding.

The administrative distance determines the trustworthiness of a routing protocol. A lower administrative distance indicates a higher trust level. In this case, the static route has an administrative distance of 100, which is lower than the administrative distance of OSPF (which is typically 110 or lower). Therefore, the static route is preferred over the OSPF route, even when the OSPF link is up and functioning. To ensure that traffic only uses the OSPF link when it is up, the administrative distance of the static route should be increased. Changing the administrative distance to 120 will make the OSPF route more preferred and traffic will use the OSPF link when it is up.

Administrative distance represents the "trustworthiness" of a route. It is used to determine which route to install into the routing table when there are multiple routes toward the same destination. A lower administrative distance indicates a higher trustworthiness and priority for that route to be chosen. Therefore, administrative distance is an important factor in route selection and influences the routing decisions made by routers in a network.

In OSPFv3, routers do not need to have matching subnets to form neighbor adjacencies. This means that OSPFv3 routers can form adjacencies even if they have different subnet configurations. This is different from OSPFv2, where routers must have matching subnets in order to form neighbor adjacencies. This feature in OSPFv3 allows for more flexibility and ease of configuration in networks with diverse subnet configurations.

The network address that appears in the running configuration file to identify the network is 192.168.5.0. This is because when configuring RIP routing using the "network" command, the address specified is used as the network address. In this case, the network address is 192.168.5.0, which represents the subnet that the network administrator wants to enable RIP routing for.

The native VLAN provides a common identifier to both ends of a trunk, meaning that it allows devices on both ends of the trunk to communicate with each other using the same VLAN. The native VLAN traffic will be untagged across the trunk link, which means that it does not have any VLAN tags added to it. This allows for compatibility with devices that do not understand VLAN tagging.

The three pairs of trunking modes that will establish a functional trunk link between two Cisco switches are dynamic desirable - dynamic auto, dynamic desirable - dynamic desirable, and dynamic desirable - trunk. The dynamic desirable mode actively attempts to form a trunk link, while dynamic auto mode passively waits for the other end to initiate the trunking negotiation. The trunk mode allows the interface to become a trunk link immediately. These combinations ensure that both switches are actively participating in the trunk negotiation process, allowing for the successful establishment of a trunk link.

The classful mask for the IP address 192.135.250.27 would be 255.255.255.0. This is because the IP address falls within the range of Class C addresses, which have a default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.

Based on the exhibit, the router with the highest OSPF priority will become the designated router (DR), while the router with the second-highest priority will become the backup designated router (BDR). In this case, router R4 has the highest priority (priority 200), making it the DR. Router R3 has the second-highest priority (priority 150), making it the BDR.

The IP address 128.107.52.27 falls under Class B network range. Class B networks have a default subnet mask of 255.255.0.0. Therefore, the correct subnet mask for the given IP address would be 255.255.0.0.

The native VLAN on a trunk link is used for untagged traffic. Cisco best practices recommend using a different native VLAN than the VLANs being used for data traffic to improve security and prevent VLAN hopping attacks. In this scenario, since VLANs 8, 20, 25, and 30 are being used, the native VLAN should be set to a different VLAN. The only option that is different from the VLANs being used is 5, so it should be used as the native VLAN on the trunk.

The purpose of an access list that is created as part of configuring IP address translation is to define the private IP addresses that are to be translated. This means that the access list will specify which private IP addresses should undergo translation and be mapped to public IP addresses. By defining these specific private IP addresses, the access list controls which devices or networks can access the public network through the translation process.

To turn off DTP on a trunk link between switches, there are two ways. The first way is to configure the attached switch ports with the "nonegotiate" command option. This command disables DTP negotiation on the ports, preventing them from sending or receiving DTP frames. The second way is to place the two attached switch ports in access mode. In access mode, the ports will not negotiate trunking with the neighboring switch and will only function as access ports, effectively turning off DTP on the trunk link.

Reoccurring native VLAN mismatches can cause the control and management traffic on the error-occurring trunk port to be misdirected or dropped. This means that important network control and management messages may not reach their intended destination, leading to potential network issues and misconfiguration. It is crucial to resolve these mismatches to ensure proper communication and functionality within the network.

When an attacker on PC X sends a frame with two 802.1Q tags, one for VLAN 40 and another for VLAN 12, SW-A will remove both tags and forward the rest of the frame across the trunk link. SW-B will then receive the frame and forward it to the hosts on VLAN 40. This is because SW-A is configured to remove the tags and forward the frame based on the VLAN information.

After a packet leaves H1, the L2 header is rewritten once when it reaches S1, and then it is rewritten again when it reaches S2. Therefore, the L2 header is rewritten two times in the path to H2.

The correct answer is "router(config-router)# network 172.16.1.0 0.0.255.255 area 0". This command uses a wildcard mask of 0.0.255.255, which means that only the second octet of the IP address is considered for the network match. Therefore, it will only advertise the 172.16.1.0 network to neighbors.

The correct answer is 10.0.0.0/21. This is because it covers the range of all the LANs attached to routers 2-A and 3-A. The subnet mask /21 allows for a larger range of IP addresses compared to the other options, making it the most suitable choice for summarizing the LANs.

The problem is that named ACLs require the use of port numbers. This means that the ACL implemented in the Board Office is not correctly configured to allow access to the FTP and HTTP ports on the web server. As a result, the ACL is denying access to all servers, including the web server. To fix the issue, the ACL should be modified to include the necessary port numbers for FTP and HTTP access to the web server.

The command "access-list 5 permit 10.7.0.0 0.0.0.31" is needed to create an access list that permits traffic from the 10.7.0.0/27 network. The wildcard mask 0.0.0.31 allows for a range of IP addresses within the network. The command "access-class 5 in" is needed to apply the access list to the VTY lines, which control Telnet access to the routers. By using these two commands together, only devices within the 10.7.0.0/27 network will be allowed Telnet access to the routers.

The correct command to apply the standard ACL is "access-group 11 in". This command will apply the ACL with the number 11 to the inbound traffic on the router's interfaces. By applying the ACL to the inbound traffic, it will restrict access to only clients from the 10.11.110.0/24 network to telnet or ssh to the VTY lines of the router.

The OSPF cost to reach the R2 LAN 172.16.2.0/24 from R1 is 74. This cost value is calculated based on the bandwidth of the link between R1 and R2. The higher the bandwidth, the lower the cost. Since the link between R1 and R2 has a bandwidth of 100 Mbps, the cost is calculated as 100 Mbps divided by 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps), which equals 1. The cost is then multiplied by 64 to get the final value of 64. However, OSPF adds an additional 10 to the cost, resulting in a total cost of 74.

Dynamic secure MAC addresses is the correct answer because it allows the switch to automatically learn and add MAC addresses to both the address table and the running configuration. This configuration ensures that only the learned MAC addresses are allowed to access the network, providing a level of security by preventing unauthorized devices from connecting to the switch.

The correct answer is to use the commands "deny tcp host 2001:db8:48:1c::50 any eq 80", "deny tcp any host 2001:db8:48:1c::50 eq 80", and "deny ipv6 any any". These commands are necessary to deny access to the web server from all sales staff. The first two commands deny TCP traffic from the sales staff to the web server on port 80, while the third command denies any IPv6 traffic from any source to any destination. By using these three commands, the ACL effectively blocks all sales staff from accessing the web server.

The administrator can verify the name of the NAT pool by checking if it is set to "refCount". They can also verify if a standard access list numbered 1 was used in the configuration process by checking the access list configuration. To verify if address translation is working, the administrator can check if hosts are able to communicate with external networks using their translated addresses.

The first command "deny tcp any host 2001:DB8:19:A::105 eq 80" denies TCP traffic from any source to the web server at the specified IPv6 address on port 80, effectively blocking HTTP access from all guests. The second command "permit ipv6 any any" allows any other IPv6 traffic from any source to any destination, ensuring that non-HTTP traffic is still allowed. The third command "ipv6 traffic-filter NoWeb in" applies the ACL named "NoWeb" as an inbound filter on the interface for the guest LAN, enforcing the ACL rules.