Biotechnology And Its Applications

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| By Tanmay Shankar
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Tanmay Shankar
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  • 1/15 Questions

    Bt in popular crop Bt cotton stands for:

    • Biotechnology
    • Bacillus tomentosa
    • Bacillus thuringiensis
    • Best type
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About This Quiz

Biotechnology is the application of technology to alter the different biological concepts and ideas. How much do you know of biotechnology? How about its application to the modern world? Find out below and all the best.

Biotechnology And Its Applications - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Transgenic plants are the ones:

    • Produced by somatic embryo in artificial medium

    • Generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and generating a plant from that cell

    • Produced after protoplast fusion in artificial medium

    • Grown in artificial medium after hybridization in the field

    Correct Answer
    A. Generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and generating a plant from that cell
    Explanation
    Transgenic plants are plants that are generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell. This foreign DNA can come from a different species or even a different kingdom. Once the foreign DNA is introduced, the cell is able to incorporate it into its own genetic material and generate a plant from that cell. This process allows scientists to create plants with desired traits, such as resistance to pests or tolerance to herbicides. Transgenic plants have been used in agriculture to improve crop yields and reduce the need for chemical pesticides.

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  • 3. 

    Transgenic plants are plants having:

    • No gene

    • Genes in transposition

    • Genes with no function to perform

    • Genes of another organism

    Correct Answer
    A. Genes of another organism
    Explanation
    Transgenic plants are plants that have genes from another organism. This means that the plants have been genetically modified to contain genes that are not naturally found in their species. These genes can come from a variety of sources, such as bacteria, animals, or even other plants. The purpose of introducing these genes is to give the plant new traits or characteristics, such as resistance to pests or tolerance to herbicides. By incorporating genes from another organism, scientists can manipulate the genetic makeup of plants to improve their qualities and adaptability.

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  • 4. 

    In developing countries, the problem of night blindness is being solved by a transgenic food crop called:

    • Golden rice

    • Flavr Savr Tomatoes

    • Stralink maize

    • Bt Soyabean

    Correct Answer
    A. Golden rice
    Explanation
    Golden rice is a transgenic food crop that has been genetically modified to contain beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A. Night blindness is often caused by a deficiency in vitamin A, so by consuming golden rice, individuals in developing countries can increase their vitamin A intake and potentially alleviate night blindness. The other options, Flavr Savr Tomatoes, Stralink maize, and Bt Soyabean, do not have the same properties as golden rice and are not specifically designed to solve the problem of night blindness.

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  • 5. 

    The DNA used to produce insect resistance transgenic cotton is from:

    • An insect

    • A bacterium

    • A wild relative of cotton

    • A virus

    Correct Answer
    A. A bacterium
    Explanation
    The DNA used to produce insect resistance transgenic cotton is from a bacterium. This is because scientists have inserted a gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) into the cotton plant. This gene produces a protein that is toxic to certain insect pests, providing the cotton plant with natural resistance against them. By incorporating this bacterium's DNA into the cotton plant, farmers can reduce the need for chemical insecticides and protect their crops from damage caused by insects.

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  • 6. 

    First biochemical to be produced commercially by microbial cloning and genetic engineering is:

    • Human insulin

    • Penicillin

    • Interferon

    • Fertility factor

    Correct Answer
    A. Human insulin
    Explanation
    Human insulin was the first biochemical to be produced commercially by microbial cloning and genetic engineering. This breakthrough allowed for the mass production of insulin, which is crucial for individuals with diabetes. Prior to this development, insulin was extracted from animal sources, which was time-consuming and limited in supply. The use of microbial cloning and genetic engineering techniques enabled the production of insulin in large quantities, making it more accessible and affordable for patients in need.

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  • 7. 

    The transgenic species producing human insulin commercially is:

    • Saccharomyces

    • Escherichia

    • Mycobacterium

    • Rhizobium

    Correct Answer
    A. Escherichia
    Explanation
    Escherichia coli is the correct answer because it is a commonly used bacterium in biotechnology for the production of recombinant proteins, including human insulin. E. coli has been genetically modified to produce human insulin by inserting the gene coding for insulin into its DNA. This genetically engineered E. coli can then produce large quantities of human insulin, which is harvested and used for medical purposes.

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  • 8. 

    Antisense technology means:

    • RNA polymerse producing DNA

    • A cell displaying a foreign antigen used for synthesis of antigens

    • Production of somaclonal variants in tissue cultures

    • When a piece of RNA that is complementary in sequence is used to stop expression of a specific gene

    Correct Answer
    A. When a piece of RNA that is complementary in sequence is used to stop expression of a specific gene
    Explanation
    Antisense technology refers to the use of a complementary RNA sequence to inhibit the expression of a specific gene. This involves introducing a piece of RNA that is complementary in sequence to the target gene's mRNA, which then binds to the mRNA and prevents its translation into protein. By blocking gene expression, antisense technology can be used to study gene function, develop therapeutic interventions, or modify gene expression in various applications.

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  • 9. 

    Cry I endotoxins obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis are effective against:

    • Nematodes

    • Flies

    • Mosquitoes

    • Boll worms

    Correct Answer
    A. Boll worms
    Explanation
    The endotoxins obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are effective against boll worms. Boll worms are a common pest that infests cotton plants and causes significant damage to the cotton bolls. Bt endotoxins are toxic to boll worms when ingested, leading to their death. This makes Bt endotoxins a valuable tool in controlling boll worm populations and reducing crop damage in cotton fields.

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  • 10. 

    The bacteria used commercially for the first time as pesticide is:

    • Escherichia coili

    • Agrobacterium tumefaciens

    • Bacillus thuringiensis

    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa

    Correct Answer
    A. Bacillus thuringiensis
    Explanation
    Bacillus thuringiensis is the correct answer because it is a bacteria that is commonly used as a pesticide. It produces a toxin that is harmful to certain insects, making it an effective natural pesticide. This bacteria has been used commercially for many years in agriculture to control pests and reduce crop damage.

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  • 11. 

    Trichoderma harzianum has proved useful microorganism for:

    • Biological control of soil borne plant pathogens

    • Bioremediation of contaminated soils

    • Reclamation of wastelands

    • Gene transfer in higher plants

    Correct Answer
    A. Biological control of soil borne plant pathogens
    Explanation
    Trichoderma harzianum has been found to be effective in the biological control of soil borne plant pathogens. This means that it can help to suppress or eliminate harmful pathogens that can cause diseases in plants. This is beneficial for agriculture as it reduces the need for chemical pesticides and promotes sustainable farming practices. Trichoderma harzianum has been extensively studied and has shown promising results in controlling various plant pathogens, making it a useful microorganism for this purpose.

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  • 12. 

    In transgenics expression of transgene in target tissue is determined by:

    • Transgene

    • Promoter

    • Reporter

    • Enhancer

    Correct Answer
    A. Promoter
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Promoter." In transgenics, the expression of a transgene in the target tissue is determined by the promoter sequence. Promoters are DNA sequences that initiate the transcription of a specific gene, thereby regulating its expression in a particular tissue or under specific conditions.

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  • 13. 

    Hirudin is:

    • A protein produced by Hordeum vulgare, which is rich in lysine

    • A toxic molecule isolated from Gossypium hirsutum, which reduces human fertility

    • A protein produced from transgenic Brassica napus which prevents blood clotting

    • Antibiotic produced by a genetically engineered bacterium E.coli

    Correct Answer
    A. A protein produced from transgenic Brassica napus which prevents blood clotting
    Explanation
    Hirudin is a protein produced from transgenic Brassica napus, which prevents blood clotting. This means that hirudin is a substance derived from a genetically modified version of the Brassica napus plant. It has the ability to inhibit blood clotting, making it useful in medical applications such as preventing thrombosis or treating cardiovascular diseases.

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  • 14. 

    The permanent cure for the genetic defect adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is done by:

    • Periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes having functional ADA and DNA

    • Administering adenosine deaminase activators

    • Introducing bone marrow cells producing ADA into cells at early embryonic stages

    • Enzyme replacement therapy

    Correct Answer
    A. Introducing bone marrow cells producing ADA into cells at early embryonic stages
    Explanation
    The permanent cure for the genetic defect adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is typically done by:
    Introducing bone marrow cells producing ADA into cells at early embryonic stages
    This approach involves a bone marrow transplant or gene therapy to introduce functional ADA genes into the patient's cells, ideally at an early embryonic stage. This can potentially provide a long-term or permanent solution for ADA deficiency by enabling the body to produce functional ADA enzyme on its own.

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  • 15. 

    Herbicide resistant GM crops are produced with the main objective to:

    • Reduce herbicide accumulation in food articles for health safety

    • Eliminate weeds from the field without the use of the manual labour

    • Eliminate weeds from the field without the use of herbicides

    • Encourage eco- friendly herbicides

    Correct Answer
    A. Eliminate weeds from the field without the use of the manual labour
    Explanation
    Herbicide-resistant genetically modified (GM) crops are engineered to withstand specific herbicides that kill weeds. This allows farmers to apply herbicides to the fields to control weeds without harming the crop. The primary goal is to simplify weed control and reduce the need for manual labor in weeding, thereby increasing efficiency and potentially crop yields. While reducing herbicide accumulation in food and encouraging eco-friendly practices may be indirect benefits or considerations, the main purpose is to enable the targeted elimination of weeds while preserving the crop.

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  • Jun 07, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Feb 28, 2014
    Quiz Created by
    Tanmay Shankar
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